大环骨架结构的倍半萜化合物——Ⅵ.马兜铃新内酯的化学结构测定

自绵毛马兜铃(Aristolochia mollissima Hance)根茎中分得九个化合物,其中已报道的七个化合物是尿囊素、马兜铃内酯、绵毛马兜铃内酯、β-谷甾醇、马兜铃酸A、9-乙氧基马兜铃内酯和9-乙氧基马兜铃内酰胺,本文报道结晶K_3的化学结构,经光谱分析(IR,~1H-NMR,~(13)C-NMR,2D-NMR和MS),化学反应及X-衍射晶体分析,确证K_3为一个新骨架结构的倍半萜化合物,命名为马兜铃新内酯。     

Vitiligo in association with human immunodeficiency virus infection

Autoimmune disorders such as vitiligo have been previously reported in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. We describe a case of vitiligo in association with HIV where a rising CD4 lymphocyte count due to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) closely correlated with changes in the skin. This effect, to our knowledge, has not been previously observed.     

Biliary dilatation: defining the level and cause by real-time US

In a 15-month period, 110 patients with subsequently proved biliary dilatation were evaluated with ultrasound (US). The level of dilatation was defined as pancreatic, suprapancreatic, or at the level of the porta hepatis. Causes of dilatation included pancreatitis, choledocholithiasis, neoplasm, and stricture. The distal duct was examined initially on transverse scans obtained with the patient in a semierect right posterior oblique position; the proximal duct was then examined on longitudinal scans obtained with the patient in a supine left posterior oblique position. When this scanning technique was used, US indicated the level of dilatation in 91.8% of cases and suggested the correct cause in 70.9%. Because this approach markedly improves US visualization of the intrapancreatic bile duct, distal obstructing lesions, which are the most common, can be optimally examined.     

Stress examination of the cruciate ligaments: a radiologic Lachman test

A commercially available stress device is described for the radiographic examination of the anterior and posterior drawer in patients with suspected injury to the cruciate ligament. The radiologic Lachman test correlates well with its clinical counterpart and with arthroscopy. Its specific advantages are quantitative documentation of the test results and the selective testing of the anterior and posterior ligaments.     

应用皂甙渗透组织研究小鼠灌流肝中辅酶 Ⅱ(NADPH)对混合功能氧化作用的兴奋

小鼠肝以0.001～0.005％浓度的皂甙灌注2～30min可获满意的渗透组织的效果。有关渗透组织的效果可自柠檬酸对LDH的释放和硝基茴香醚代谢的兴奋来估价。禁食小鼠肝脏在灌注二羧酸化合物或辅酶Ⅱ生成系统结合皂甙处理6～8min,则单氧化作用可分别提高60和110%;在喂食小鼠肝中灌注柠檬酸,辅酶Ⅱ或辅酶Ⅱ生成系统结合皂甙处理,单氧化速率可提高40～60％。实验结果支持了这样一个假设,即在完整的肝细胞中,不论喂食或禁食小鼠,单氧化作用是受可利用的辅酶Ⅱ的量所制约。     

Reperfused and nonreperfused myocardial infarction: diagnostic potential of Gd-DTPA--enhanced MR imaging

Forty-five patients with suspected acute myocardial infarction were examined with magnetic resonance (MR) imaging before and serially up to 30 minutes after intravenous injection of gadolinium diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA), 0.1 mmol/kg of body weight. Coronary angiography after thrombolytic therapy was performed in all patients to assess reperfusion. Intensity ratios between both reperfused and nonreperfused infarcted areas and normal myocardium increased significantly up to 15-20 minutes after administration of Gd-DTPA and were still elevated 30 minutes after injection (P less than .0001). In accordance with the findings in experimental studies, four distribution patterns of infarct enhancement were observed. The overlap in enhancement patterns and similar maximal intensity ratios after Gd-DTPA administration for both reperfused and nonreperfused infarcts preclude a reliable differentiation on the basis of these factors alone. Significant enhancement of both reperfused and nonreperfused infarcts allows adequate infarct imaging up to at least 30 minutes after administration of Gd-DTPA.