The behavior of collateral circulation after coronary artery bypass surgery.

The changes in coronary collateral circulation after bypass surgery were analyzed in 50 patients with coronary disease. The demonstration of collateral circulation was found to be dependent upon the severity of the coronary heart disease and the patency of the bypass. When the graft was patent, it was usually not possible to visualize the collateral circulation demonstrated preoperatively. When the bypass was occluded, the same collateral circulation as before surgery was frequently found.     

Neural underpinnings of open-label placebo effects in emotional distress

While placebo effects are well-known, research in the last decade revealed intriguing effects that placebos may have beneficial effects even when given without deception. At first glance, this seems paradoxical, but several studies have reported improvements in pain, depression, or anxiety. However, it still remains unclear whether these results represent objective biological effects or simply a bias in response and what neural underpinnings are associated with the open-label placebo effects. In two studies, we address this gap by demonstrating that open-label placebos reduce self-reported emotional distress when viewing highly arousing negative pictures. This reduced emotional distress was associated with an activation of brain areas known to modulate affective states such as the periaqueductal gray, the bilateral anterior hippocampi, and the anterior cingulate cortex. We did not find any prefrontal brain activation. Furthermore, brain activation was not associated with expectation of effects. In contrast, we found that brain responses were linked to general belief in placebos. The results demonstrate that the neural mechanisms of open-label placebo effects are partly identical to the neurobiological underpinnings of conventional placebos, but our study also highlights important differences with respect to a missing engagement of prefrontal brain regions, suggesting that expectation of effects may play a less prominent role in open-label placebos.Subject terms: Psychology, Emotion     

复合生物陶瓷导热系数的测定

采用电能补偿法对新型复合生物陶瓷材料的导热系数进行了测定，并对实验方法，影响因素，误差分析以及测定的意义等问题作了讨论。     

The acquisition of skills in interventional radiology by supervised training on animal models: A three-year multicenter experience

Conclusions These training courses, which have been going on for 3 years, have shown us that using an animal model for such training is an efficient way to teach the techniques. All radiology departments with animal research facilities can make use of this approach to train their own interventional radiologists and to assist in training those from institutions without such facilities.By refining our techniques we hope to reduce the high complication rate that inevitably accompanies the initial performance of new procedures. Moreover, clinicians will gain confidence in the ability of radiologists.Our courses have provided young radiologists with the opportunity to learn new techniques and improve their skills in interventional techniques. Once resistance to the use of animals for training is overcome, these physicians can be more actively involved in starting projects on their own and will feel encouraged to do so.     

Electroencephalographic and computer tomography findings in vascular epilepsy of ischemic origin

143 patients with vascular epilepsy have been investigated, in whom generalised seizures were predominant (67%). 5% of the patients were younger than 30 years and 20% were between 30 and 50 years old. Pathological CT findings were seen in 78%. Focal lesions were most common particularly in patients with partial epileptic seizures as compared with those which had generalised seizures (p less than 0.05). In the EEG focal changes also dominated, but there was no significant difference in their occurrence with regard to patients with generalised or partial seizures. Epileptic potentials were observed in 17% of the patients with the emphasis on those with generalised epilepsies (p less than 0.05). Comparing EEG and CT in 69% of the patients concomitant pathological findings could be found. In patients with partial seizures there was a particularly good correlation between the focal changes in the EEG and lesions in the CT.     

Impaired rate of left ventricular filling in idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis with atrial fibrillation

The external carotid pulse and the phonocardiogram were recorded in a 48-year-old man with idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis and atrial fibrillation. The degree of obstruction of left ventricular outflow was assessed by the depth of the mid-systolic dip, the length of the left ventricular ejection time and the intensity of the systolic murmur. The correlation found between the degree of outflow obstruction and the length of the preceeding diastole was interpreted in terms of the Frank-Starling mechanism, i.e. augmented diastolic filling led to an increase in the force of contraction and hence to an increase in muscular obstruction to outflow. The observation that this relationship held also for long diastoles suggested that the left ventricle was not completely filled during diastoles of middle length, probably because of the low diastolic distensibility of the stuff and hypertrophic myocardium.     

蜂胶提取液生物安全性的初步评价

目的:对自行研制的300g/L蜂胶提取液的生物安全性进行初步的评价。方法:根据中华人民共和国医药行业标准,应用体外细胞培养琼脂覆盖法对这种蜂胶提取液进行细胞毒性评价。利用大耳白兔检测这种蜂胶提取液对口腔黏膜的刺激反应。结果:该蜂胶提取液的细胞毒性分级为0级;口腔黏膜刺激试验中实验动物未见局部及全身的不良刺激反应。结论:该蜂胶提取液不具有细胞毒性及对口腔黏膜的不良刺激反应。