Elevated Src family kinase activity stabilizes E-cadherin-based junctions and collective movement of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas

EGF receptor (EGFR) overexpression is thought to drive head and neck carcinogenesis however clinical responses to EGFR-targeting agents have been modest and alternate targets are actively sought to improve results. Src family kinases (SFKs), reported to act downstream of EGFR are among the alternative targets for which increased expression or activity in epithelial tumors is commonly associated to the dissolution of E-cadherin-based junctions and acquisition of a mesenchymal-like phenotype. Robust expression of total and activated Src was observed in advanced stage head and neck tumors (N=60) and in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma lines. In cultured cancer cells Src co-localized with E-cadherin in cell-cell junctions and its phosphorylation on Y419 was both constitutive and independent of EGFR activation. Selective inhibition of SFKs with SU6656 delocalized E-cadherin and disrupted cellular junctions without affecting E-cadherin expression and this effect was phenocopied by knockdown of Src or Yes. These findings reveal an EGFR-independent role for SFKs in the maintenance of intercellular junctions, which likely contributes to the cohesive invasion E-cadherin-positive cells in advanced tumors. Further, they highlight the need for a deeper comprehension of molecular pathways that drive collective cell invasion, in absence of mesenchymal transition, in order to combat tumor spread.     

Starch digestibility modulation significantly improves glycemic variability in type 2 diabetic subjects: A pilot study

Background and aimsIn type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients, the reduction of glycemic variability and postprandial glucose excursions is essential to limit diabetes complications, beyond HbA1c level. This study aimed at determining whether increasing the content of Slowly Digestible Starch (SDS) in T2D patients’ diet could reduce postprandial hyperglycemia and glycemic variability compared with a conventional low-SDS diet.Methods and resultsFor this randomized cross-over pilot study, 8 subjects with T2D consumed a controlled diet for one week, containing starchy products high or low in SDS. Glycemic variability parameters were evaluated using a Continuous Glucose Monitoring System.Glycemic variability was significantly lower during High-SDS diet compared to Low-SDS diet for MAGE (Mean Amplitude of Glycemic Excursions, p < 0.01), SD (Standard Deviation, p < 0.05), and CV (Coefficient of Variation, p < 0.01). The TIR (Time In Range) [140–180 mg/dL[ was significantly higher during High-SDS diet (p < 0.0001) whereas TIRs ≥180 mg/dL were significantly lower during High-SDS diet. Post-meals tAUC (total Area Under the Curve) were significantly lower during High-SDS diet.ConclusionOne week of High-SDS Diet in T2D patients significantly improves glycemic variability and reduces postprandial glycemic excursions. Modulation of starch digestibility in the diet could be used as a simple nutritional tool in T2D patients to improve daily glycemic control.Registration numberin clinicaltrials.gov: NCT 03289494.     

Cluster of Ebola Virus Disease,Bong and Montserrado Counties,Liberia

Lack of trust in government-supported services after the death of a health care worker with symptoms of Ebola resulted in ongoing Ebola transmission in 2 Liberia counties. Ebola transmission was facilitated by attempts to avoid cremation of the deceased patient and delays in identifying and monitoring contacts.     

EFFECTS OF CONVERSATIONAL HYPNOSIS ON RELATIVE PARASYMPATHETIC TONE AND PATIENT COMFORT DURING AXILLARY BRACHIAL PLEXUS BLOCKS FOR AMBULATORY UPPER LIMB SURGERY:A Quasiexperimental Pilot Study

This two-center quasiexperimental pilot study was to determine the effect of conversational hypnosis on patient comfort and parasympathetic tone, which may represent a quantitative measure of hypnotic depth, during regional anesthesia. The patients received conversational hypnosis in one center and oral premedication in the other. The patients’ subjective comfort (0-10 rating scale) and objective parasympathetic tone, as assessed by the Analgesia/Nociception Index (ANI), were measured before and after regional anesthesia. The parasympathetic tone and comfort scores evidenced a significantly greater increase in the hypnosis patients than in controls. These findings suggest that using conversational hypnosis during regional anesthesia may be followed by a subjective increase in patient comfort and an objective increase in parasympathetic tone, monitored by ANI.     

Self-care activities,glycaemic control and health-related quality of life of patients with type 2 diabetes in a tertiary hospital in Nigeria

Background and aimsDiabetes is one of the global health emergencies of the 21st century. This study sought to assess self-care behaviours, glycaemic control and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of type 2 diabetes patients at a Nigerian hospital, determine factors associated with HRQoL, and assess the inter-relationship among these outcomes.MethodsThe Summary of Diabetes Self-Care Activities (SDSCA) measure was used to assess self-care behaviours; HRQoL was assessed with the Appraisal of Diabetes Scale (ADS) and SF-12v2 Health Survey. Glycaemic control was assessed with fasting blood sugar (FBS). The questionnaires were distributed to 250 eligible patients attending Endocrinology clinic at the University of Uyo Teaching Hospital, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria.ResultsMean scores (±SD) of self-care behaviours were 4.0 ± 1.3, 3.9 ± 1.0, 2.4 ± 1.2, 1.0 ± 1.1, and 2.5 ± 2.1 for general diet, specific diet, exercise, blood glucose monitoring, and foot care respectively. Mean FBS was 7.1 ± 2.1 mmol/L. Mean ADS score was 18.1 ± 4.2. The physical and mental component summary scores were 47.84 ± 8.21 and 45.66 ± 8.74 respectively. HRQoL was significantly associated with patient socio-demographic (except gender) and clinical variables (p < 0.05). Self-care activities, FBS and HRQoL were significantly inter-correlated (r_s ?0.31 to 0.68; p < 0.01, p < 0.001).ConclusionsPatients were more adherent to diet recommendations than to other aspects of self-care. Though most patients had adequate glucose control, the presence of diabetes had a negative impact on the mental component of health. HRQoL was affected by most of the patient-related variables. Interventions to improve adherence to self-care are recommended to achieve good glycaemic control and improve HRQoL.     

Parental influence on academic achievement among the primary school students in Trinidad

The present study examined the level of parental influence on academic achievement in primary school students who prepare for the National-level test at standard five (grade 6), Secondary Entrance Examinations in Trinidad. A sample of 128 students studying standard five from primary schools was randomly selected. The data were analysed using SPSS. The findings of the study revealed that regardless of parental educational status, all parents try to influence their children to study well. The results showed that there was a positive influence on academic achievement in students. The findings of the study were discussed and implications for future research have been proposed. The study highlighted several recommendations to mitigate the effects of academic anxiety and suggested some measures to be taken by the parents, teachers, peers and social workers to successfully navigate this phase of life marked by transition and search for identity.