全文获取类型
收费全文 | 665篇 |
免费 | 32篇 |
国内免费 | 11篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 12篇 |
儿科学 | 14篇 |
妇产科学 | 6篇 |
基础医学 | 56篇 |
口腔科学 | 14篇 |
临床医学 | 52篇 |
内科学 | 214篇 |
皮肤病学 | 6篇 |
神经病学 | 41篇 |
特种医学 | 129篇 |
外国民族医学 | 2篇 |
外科学 | 49篇 |
综合类 | 7篇 |
预防医学 | 18篇 |
眼科学 | 12篇 |
药学 | 20篇 |
肿瘤学 | 56篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 4篇 |
2022年 | 10篇 |
2021年 | 13篇 |
2020年 | 6篇 |
2019年 | 11篇 |
2018年 | 14篇 |
2017年 | 8篇 |
2016年 | 10篇 |
2015年 | 11篇 |
2014年 | 11篇 |
2013年 | 19篇 |
2012年 | 22篇 |
2011年 | 22篇 |
2010年 | 22篇 |
2009年 | 16篇 |
2008年 | 19篇 |
2007年 | 32篇 |
2006年 | 26篇 |
2005年 | 28篇 |
2004年 | 30篇 |
2003年 | 16篇 |
2002年 | 14篇 |
2001年 | 17篇 |
2000年 | 34篇 |
1999年 | 28篇 |
1998年 | 17篇 |
1997年 | 13篇 |
1996年 | 20篇 |
1995年 | 11篇 |
1994年 | 16篇 |
1993年 | 20篇 |
1992年 | 16篇 |
1991年 | 12篇 |
1990年 | 10篇 |
1989年 | 17篇 |
1988年 | 12篇 |
1987年 | 15篇 |
1986年 | 14篇 |
1985年 | 8篇 |
1984年 | 5篇 |
1983年 | 4篇 |
1981年 | 3篇 |
1980年 | 5篇 |
1979年 | 4篇 |
1978年 | 10篇 |
1977年 | 15篇 |
1976年 | 3篇 |
1969年 | 2篇 |
1968年 | 3篇 |
1966年 | 4篇 |
排序方式: 共有708条查询结果,搜索用时 46 毫秒
81.
82.
Veerle Duprez Dimitri Beeckman Sofie Verhaeghe Ann Van Hecke 《Patient education and counseling》2018,101(2):276-284
Objective
To explore nurses’ self-perceived behavior of supporting patients’ self-management, and its association with person-related and socio-structural factors.Methods
Correlational study in a sample of nurses from nine general hospitals, three community healthcare organizations, and six private community practices. Nurses with >50% of their patients living with a chronic condition were eligible to participate. Data were collected at two time-points. Self-management support behavior was measured by the SEPSS-36 instrument. The person-related and socio-structural associated factors were derived from behavioral theories and measured by validated questionnaires.Results
Nurses (N = 477) scored overall low on self-management support behavior. Nurses lacked mainly competencies in collaborative goalsetting, shared decision making and organizing follow-up. Factors predicting nurses’ behavior in supporting patients’ self-management were self-efficacy, priority, perceived supervisor support and training in self-management support. This model explained 51.7% of the variance in nurses’ behavior.Conclusion
To date, nurses do not optimally fulfil their role in supporting patients’ self-management. Self-management support is practiced from a narrow medical point of view and primarily consists of informing patients, which is the lowest level of patient participation.Practice implications
It is essential to better prepare and support nurses ? and by extend all healthcare professionals ? for the challenges of supporting patients’ self-management. 相似文献83.
A large-scale, randomised, multicentre single-blind clinical trial was conducted to assess the comparative efficacy and tolerance of ofloxacin, trimethoprim and co-trimoxazole in the treatment of uncomplicated urinary tract infection in general practice. A total of 1,069 patients from 76 centres across the UK were enrolled in the study, and randomised to one of the following treatment groups: ofloxacin (200 mg od), trimethoprim (200 mg bd) or co-trimoxazole (trimethoprim 160 mg and sulphamethoxazole 800 mg bd). Each patient received five days of medication. Clinically, ofloxacin was as effective as trimethoprim and co-trimoxazole. However, the bacteriological cure rate was significantly better for ofloxacin, with eradication of the initial causative pathogen by the end of treatment in 92% of patients in the ofloxacin group, compared with 81% for trimethoprim and co-trimoxazole (P = 0.0002). There was also a lower relapse rate for ofloxacin. Ofloxacin was well tolerated: adverse events were reported by 67 (12.4%) patients in the ofloxacin group, compared with 48 (18.7%) patients in the co-trimoxazole group and 37 (13.6%) patients in the trimethoprim group. Ofloxacin can therefore be considered a suitable alternative for the treatment of uncomplicated urinary tract infection. 相似文献
84.
Jun-Xiao Zhang Lei Fu Richarda M de Voer Marc-Manuel Hahn Peng Jin Chen-Xi Lv Eugène TP Verwiel Marjolijn JL Ligtenberg Nicoline Hoogerbrugge Roland P Kuiper Jian-Qiu Sheng Ad Geurts van Kessel 《World journal of gastroenterology : WJG》2015,21(14):4136-4149
AIM: To investigate whether whole-exome sequencing may serve as an efficient method to identify known or novel colorectal cancer(CRC) predisposing genes in early-onset or familial CRC cases.METHODS: We performed whole-exome sequencing in 23 Chinese patients from 21 families with nonpolyposis CRC diagnosed at ≤ 40 years of age, or from multiple affected CRC families with at least 1 firstdegree relative diagnosed with CRC at ≤ 55 years of age.Genomic DNA from blood was enriched for exome sequences using the Sure Select Human All Exon Kit, version 2(Agilent Technologies) and sequencing was performed on an Illumina Hi Seq 2000 platform.Data were processed through an analytical pipeline to search for rare germline variants in known or novel CRC predisposing genes.RESULTS: In total, 32 germline variants in 23 genes were identified and confirmed by Sanger sequencing.In 6 of the 21 families(29%), we identified 7 mutations in 3 known CRC predisposing genes including MLH1(5 patients), MSH2(1 patient), and MUTYH(biallelic, 1 patient), five of which were reported as pathogenic.Inthe remaining 15 families, we identified 20 rare and novel potentially deleterious variants in 19 genes, six of which were truncating mutations.One previously unreported variant identified in a conserved region of EIF2AK4(p.Glu738_Asp739insA rgA rg) was found to represent a local Chinese variant, which was significantly enriched in our early-onset CRC patient cohort compared to a control cohort of 100 healthy Chinese individuals scored negative by colonoscopy(33.3% vs 7%, P 0.001).CONCLUSION: Whole-exome sequencing of early-onset or familial CRC cases serves as an efficient method to identify known and potential pathogenic variants in established and novel candidate CRC predisposing genes. 相似文献
85.
Induction of NK activity in large granular lymphocyte leukemia: activation with anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody and interleukin 2 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Large granular lymphocyte (LGL) leukemia is a rare disease characterized by clonal expansion of LGL associated with chronic neutropenia, multiple auto-antibodies, and occasionally polyarthritis. We studied cell surface antigen expression and functional activity of leukemic LGL from ten such patients. Using two-color flow cytometric analysis, we found that leukemic LGL from all ten patients expressed the CD3 and HNK-1 markers, while cells from only four patients expressed IgG Fc receptors (FcR). The LGL leukemic cells had little or no NK activity (defined as MHC-nonrestricted cytotoxicity against K562 target cells); however, NK activity could be induced in leukemic LGL by in vitro treatment with as little as 0.05 microgram/mL of anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody. Cell sorting experiments demonstrated that NK activity was induced in CD3+ leukemic LGL (either CD3+, HNK-1+ or CD3+, FcR+) with anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody but not in normal CD3+, FcR- T cells. Treatment with purified interleukin 2 (IL 2) also caused direct activation of some CD3+ leukemic LGL. Despite induction with anti-CD3 MAb or IL 2, activated leukemic LGL did not proliferate or express high density IL 2 receptors detectable by cell sorter analysis. Treatment with alpha interferon had minimal effect on NK activity of LGL leukemic cells. These results suggest that leukemic LGL may provide a useful model for examining the signals required for LGL maturation and activation. 相似文献
86.
CD3+ large granular lymphocyte (LGL) leukemia is a disease of unknown etiology characterized by clonal proliferation of T cells that usually express T-cell receptor (TCR) alpha beta heterodimers. The purpose of this study was to identify the variable (V), joining (J), and diversity (D) region TCR beta-chain genes expressed by CD3+ LGL leukemic cells in an attempt to gain insights into the etiology of this disorder. Twelve patients with LGL leukemia were studied, including seven with both LGL leukemia and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). RA is also a disease of unknown etiology that occurs frequently in patients with LGL leukemia. Clonally expanded T cells that express specific TCR V beta genes have been identified in fluid and tissue specimens from the joints of patients with RA. In this study, V beta expression was determined by PCR using a panel of 22 unique V beta primers to amplify cDNA prepared from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). A dominant V beta gene product was readily apparent in all patients. To confirm that the dominant V beta gene originated from a clonal expansion, DNA fragments corresponding to the dominant V beta genes were subcloned into plasmids and independently isolated recombinants were sequenced. V-D-J region sequences that occurred repeatedly indicated clonality. The V beta and J beta genes expressed by the leukemic cells showed a pattern of distribution that followed the frequency with which these genes are represented in the peripheral blood. The residues corresponding to the third complementarity-determining region of the TCR beta chain were different in all cases. A specific pattern of VDJ usage was not identified for those patients with both LGL leukemia and RA; however, utilization of V beta-6 by LGL clones (N = 3) was observed only in the setting of RA. These data suggest that leukemic CD3+ LGL cells have been clonally transformed in a random fashion with respect to the TCR beta chain. 相似文献
87.
This study examined the effects of cyclical etidronate, when used in
routine clinical practice, on the prevention of fracture. Information was
obtained from 550 general practices in the UK that provide their medical
records to the General Practice Research Database. A total of 7977 patients
taking cyclical etidronate treatment and 7977 age-, sex- and
practice-matched control patients with a diagnosis of osteoporosis were
analysed. People taking cyclical etidronate had a significantly reduced
risk of non-vertebral fracture (by 20%) and of hip fracture (by 34%)
relative to the osteoporosis control patients. The relative risk of
non-vertebral fracture was 0.80 (95% confidence interval 0.70-0.92), that
of hip fracture 0.66 (0.51-0.85) and that of wrist fracture 0.81
(0.58-1.14). When fracture incidence rates were compared between the two
groups, the rate of non-vertebral, hip and wrist fracture decreased
significantly (P < 0.05) with increasing etidronate exposure. The
results of this study complement and extend clinical observations
supporting the anti-fracture efficacy of cyclical etidronate therapy.
相似文献
88.
Inverse relation between aldosterone and venous capacitance in chronically treated congestive heart failure 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Rietzschel E Duprez DA De Buyzere ML Clement DL 《The American journal of cardiology》2000,85(8):977-980
The purpose of this study was to examine if there is a relation between the aldosterone escape phenomenon and venous capacitance of the upper and lower limbs in patients with long-term congestive heart failure (CHF) receiving chronic treatment with angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors. The study group consisted of 16 subjects with ischemic CHF in New York Heart Association functional class II (age 59 +/-2 years, ejection fraction 24+/-4%), stabilized under a constant drug regimen comprising furosemide, captopril 50 mg 3 times daily, and digoxin for at least 3 months. Thirteen apparently healthy volunteers, aged 50+/-4 years acted as controls. Forearm and calf venous capacitances were measured simultaneously by venous occlusion plethysmography using mercury-in-silastic strain gauges. The equilibration technique was used to derive venous capacitance from the recorded pressure-volume curves. Active renin, angiotensin II, and aldosterone levels were determined on venous blood samples obtained in the supine position. Angiotensin II (p<0.05) and aldosterone (p<0.01) were statistically significantly higher in patients with CHF under long-term ACE inhibition than in controls (aldosterone escape phenomenon). In CHF, forearm venous capacitance was 2.19+/-0.18 ml/100 ml; calf venous capacitance was 2.83+/-0.27 ml/100 ml. Aldosterone significantly and inversely correlated with venous capacitance in both upper (r = -0.586; p = 0.017) and lower (r = -0.625; p = 0.01) limbs. No correlations were found between forearm or calf venous capacitance and renin or angiotensin II. In patients with heart failure chronically treated with diuretics and full ACE inhibition, venous capacitance is inversely correlated with aldosterone through the mechanism of aldosterone escape, creating the potential for further deterioration of the CHF process. 相似文献
89.
90.
Duprez D De Buyzere M Fonteyne W Bauwens A De Backer G Van Nooten G Clement DL 《Blood pressure monitoring》1996,1(4):339-345
BACKGROUND: Data on ambulatory blood pressure profiles after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) are largely lacking in the literature. OBJECTIVE: To examine the ambulatory blood pressure profile and its short- and long-term variability (daytime, night-time and 24 h) 1, 6 and 14 weeks after CABG in 15 patients (14 men, one woman) who remained uncomplicated postoperatively and during the 14 weeks' follow-up. Therapy remained unchanged over the study period. METHODS: Short-term blood pressure and heart rate variability were assessed by power spectral analysis of a sample length of 256 beats of these parameters obtained with subjects supine and having stood for 30 min, using the Finapres device 1, 6 and 14 weeks after CABG. The low-frequency (0.04-0.15 Hz): high-frequency (0.15-0.40 Hz) ratio of the R-R interval variability was considered a study parameter for the autonomic balance. RESULTS: During the rehabilitation period office and mean ambulatory blood pressure parameters were within the normotensive range. There was a progressive increase in 24 h and daytime systolic and diastolic blood pressures from 1 (121+/- 11/72+/-9 and 124+/-11/74+/-9 mmHg, respectively) to 14 weeks (129+/- 11/79+/-10 and 134+/-11/82+/- 11 mmHg, respectively) after CABG. The nocturnal blood pressure dip was restored progressively but incompletely 14 weeks after CABG. In parallel there was a progressive but also incomplete restoration of the sympathicovagal balance. CONCLUSION: Our results indicate an incomplete recovery of the autonomic nervous system and 24 h blood pressure variation 14 weeks after CABG. Further studies are required to examine whether incomplete restoration of the nocturnal blood pressure dip and sympathicovagal balance have independent prognostic implications for the CABG patient. 相似文献