A Review of Bioactive Compounds against Porcine Enteric Coronaviruses

Pig diarrhea is a universal problem in the process of pig breeding, which seriously affects the development of the pig industry. Porcine enteric coronaviruses (PECoVs) are common pathogens causing diarrhea in pigs, currently including transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV), porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) and swine acute diarrhea syndrome coronavirus (SADS-CoV). With the prosperity of world transportation and trade, the spread of viruses is becoming wider and faster, making it even more necessary to prevent PECoVs. In this paper, the host factors required for the efficient replication of these CoVs and the compounds that exhibit inhibitory effects on them were summarized to promote the development of drugs against PECoVs. This study will be also helpful in discovering general host factors that affect the replication of CoVs and provide references for the prevention and treatment of other CoVs.     

Mitoxantrone hydrochloride injection for tracing helps to decrease parathyroid gland resection and increase lymph node yield in thyroid cancer surgery: a randomized clinical trial

The identification and preservation of parathyroid glands (PGs) during thyroid surgery can be challenging. Many techniques have been developed to help surgeons find PGs. We have developed a novel mitoxantrone hydrochloride injection that can be used for lymphatic targeting. After local application during surgery, mitoxantrone hydrochloride injection for tracing (MHI) helps surgeons better identify and preserve PGs and helps pathologists find more lymph nodes. We conducted an open-label, multicenter, randomized clinical trial (CTR20171137) in six centers in China from 08/2017 to 12/2018. Patients with thyroid carcinoma were randomized to the MHI group or the control group. All patients received total thyroidectomy and bilateral central compartment lymph node dissection. The primary outcomes were the PG resection rate and lymph node staining rate. The full analysis set (FAS) included 461 patients, of which 228 were assigned to the MHI group, and 233 were assigned to the control group. The PG resection rates of the MHI group and the control group were 6.6% (15/228) and 26.6% (62/233), respectively, with a significant difference (P < 0.001). No PGs were stained blue with MHI. The central lymph nodes were stained blue with MHI, and the staining rate was 90.5%±12.0%. More lymph nodes were detected in the MHI group than in the control group (13.0±7.3 vs. 10.1±6.4 nodes/patient, P < 0.001). No adverse events related to MHI were observed. MHI is a safe and effective tracer that may help to preserve PGs and identify more central lymph nodes in patients with thyroid cancer.     

Perspectives of Zambian Clinical Oncology Trainees in the MD Anderson and Zambia Virtual Clinical Research Training Program (MOZART)

BackgroundAfrican countries are underrepresented in cancer research, partly because of a lack of structured curricula on clinical research during medical education. To address this need, the MD Anderson and Zambia Virtual Clinical Research Training Program (MOZART) was developed jointly by MD Anderson Cancer Center (MDA) and the Cancer Diseases Hospital in Zambia (CDH) for Zambian clinical oncology trainees. We explored participant perspectives to provide insight for implementation of similar efforts.Materials and MethodsThe MD Anderson and Zambia Virtual Clinical Research Training Program consisted of weekly virtual lectures and support of Zambian-led research protocols through longitudinal mentorship groups that included CDH faculty and MDA peer and faculty mentors. Participants were contacted via email to take part in semi-structured interviews, which were conducted via teleconference and audio-recorded, transcribed, and coded. Emergent themes were extracted and are presented with representative verbatim quotations.ResultsThirteen of the 14 (93%) trainees were interviewed. Emergent themes included (1) participants having diverse educational backgrounds but limited exposure to clinical research, (2) importance of cancer research specific to a resource-constrained setting, (3) complementary roles of peer mentors and local and international faculty mentors, (4) positive impact on clinical research skills but importance of a longitudinal program and early exposure to clinical research, and (5) challenges with executing research protocols.ConclusionTo our knowledge, this is the first qualitative study of African clinical oncology trainees participating in a virtual clinical research training program. The lessons learned from semi-structured interviews with participants in MOZART provided valuable insights that can inform the development of similar clinical research training efforts and scale-up.     

首发青少年精神病患者亲属心理应激状况调查与对策

目的探讨青少年精神病患者亲属心理健康状况。方法对我院首次住院青少年精神病患者的93例亲属,采用症状自评量表（SCL-90）、焦虑自评量表（SAS）及自制一般情况调查表进行测评,并进行t检验和统计学描述。结果患者亲属SCL-90评分高于国内常模,且女性评分高于男性。SAS评分高于国内常模（P〈0.01）,差异有显著性。结论青少年精神病患者亲属普遍存在心理问题,为促进患者的康复,应及时有效的对其亲属进行心理干预,改善他们的心理障碍,提高他们的心理健康水平。     

贵州布依族、侗族、水族和毛南族头面部形态特征比较研究

目的:比较分析贵州布依族、侗族、水族、毛南族头面部形态特征。方法:对世居贵州的布依族、侗族、水族、毛南族1708名成人头面部28项指标进行活体观察。结果:各民族既有许多相同之处,又有各自不同的特点。结论:贵州少数民族头面部形态特征具有丰富的多样性,这些特征对探讨贵州少数民族起源及其渊源关系具有重要意义。     

乳腺癌术后局部复发因素的临床分析

目的探讨乳腺癌术后局部复发的影响因素.方法自1997年1月至2001年1月我院共收治乳腺癌患者435例.观察肿瘤自身因素和治疗因素对术后复发的影响.结果 3年复发率6.4%,总复发率7.0%.肿瘤自身因素中,患者年龄和是否绝经、病理类型和激素受体情况、原发肿瘤大小和腋窝淋巴结转移数目对术后局部复发有显著影响,而患者性别和是否有肿瘤家族史对术后局部复发无显著影响.治疗因素中,术后辅助放疗对减少局部复发有一定作用,而保乳术后局部复发率高于根治术和改良根治术.结论早期诊断、早期治疗是减少乳腺癌复发转移的有效途径,加强辅助治疗可以减少和延缓术后局部复发.     

喉全切除后气管造瘘口复发癌缺损外科修复比较

目的探索喉全切除后气管造瘘口复发癌缺损外科修复的治疗效果。方法对18例喉全切除后气管造瘘口复发癌实施外科治疗。其中Ⅰ型7例,颈部单纯切口,胸大肌肌皮瓣修复颈部皮肤气管造瘘口缺损;Ⅱ型6例,颈肢或胸联合切口,前臂皮瓣或胸大肌肌皮瓣(游离前臂皮瓣5例,胸大肌肌皮瓣1例)修复部分喉咽切除;Ⅲ型3例,颈腹联合切口,游离空肠修复全喉咽、颈段食管;Ⅳ型2例,颈胸腹联合切口,胃上拉修复全喉咽、全食管。Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ型的颈部皮肤气管造瘘口缺损均用胸大肌肌皮瓣修复。结果颈部缺损胸大肌肌皮瓣均成活;咽瘘4例(其中游离空肠1例,前臂皮瓣2例,胃上拉咽瘘出血1例);全部病例术后均能进食;随访6～74个月,3例出现不同程度吞咽梗阻。结论喉全切除后气管造瘘口复发癌外科治疗缺损,修复选择应根据原发肿瘤治疗的经过及气管造瘘口复发癌侵及范围来确定修复方法。     

Sulfation predominates the pharmacokinetics,metabolism, and excretion of forsythin in humans: major enzymes and transporters identified

Forsythin extracted from Forsythiae Fructus is widely used to treat fever caused by the common cold or influenza in China,Japan and Korea.The present study aimed to analyze the pharmacokinetics,metabolism and excretion routes of forsythin in humans and determine the major enzymes and transporters involved in these processes.After a single oral administration,forsythin underwent extensive metabolism via hydrolysis and further sulfation.In total,3 of the 13 metabolites were confirmed by comparison to reference substances,i.e.,aglycone M1,M1 sulfate(M2),and M1 glucuronide(M7).Hydrolysis was the initial and main metabolic pathway of the parent compound,followed by extensive sulfation to form M2 and a reduced level of glucuronidation to form M7.In addition,the plasma exposure of M2 and M7 were 86-and 4.2-fold higher than that of forsythin.Within 48 h,~75.1%of the administered dose was found in urine,with M2 accounting for 71.6%.Further phenotyping experiments revealed that sulfotransferase 1A1 and UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A8 were the most active hepatic enzymes involved in the formation of M2 and M7,respectively.The in vitro kinetic study provided direct evidence that M1 showed a preference for sulfation.Sulfated conjugate M2 was identified as a specific substrate of organic anion transporter 3,which could facilitate the renal excretion of M2.Altogether,our study demonstrated that sulfation dominated the metabolism and pharmacokinetics of forsythin,while the sulfate conjugate was excreted mainly in the urine.     

聚乙二醇化重组人粒细胞集落刺激因子预防化疗后中性粒细胞减少症临床疗效观察中性粒细胞减少症临床疗效观察

比较聚乙二醇化重组人粒细胞集落刺激因子（PEG-rhG-CSF）和重组人粒细胞集落刺激因子（rhG-CSF）预防化疗后中性粒细胞减少症的有效性和安全性。方法：采用随机自身交叉对照,选择初治恶性肿瘤患者接受2个周期相同方案的化疗,其中试验周期给予PEG-rhG-CSF 100 μg/kg皮下注射一次,对照周期每日一次皮下注射rhG-CSF 5 μg/kg,直至外周血中性粒细胞绝对值（ANC）在低谷后连续两次检查≥5.0×109/L。结果：入组78例患者,在76个试验周期和74个对照周期中,ANC<1.5×109/L的发生率分别为30.26%和21.16%,持续时间分别为2.34 d和2.31 d;ANC<0.5×109/L的发生率分别为3.8%和3.0%;抗生素使用率分别为11.59%和9.60%（P均<0.05）。试验药和对照药的不良反应均为骨骼肌肉疼痛、乏力、发热、头晕等,发生率与严重程度相似。结论：PEG-rhG-CSF一次给药的疗效和不良反应与rhG-CSF多次给药相似。     

原发肾脏恶性淋巴瘤7例并文献复习

目的：探讨原发肾脏恶性淋巴瘤 （PRL） 的发病率、 临床特征、 转移规律、治疗方法及影响预后的因素。方法：回顾性分析2000年1月至2009年1月收治的7例PRL患者的资料, 收集性别、年龄、症状、体征、病理类型、 B超、 CT、 PET-CT检查等资料并分析不同治疗方法对生存的影响及预后相关因素。结果：2000年1月至2009年1月间天津市平均人口数中PRL的发病率为6.48/1 000万。7例PRL患者中男3例, 女4例,年龄10～72岁,中位年龄55岁。首发部位以单侧肾脏多见。4例以腰痛或血尿就诊, 2例在常规体检中发现肾脏肿物,1例以低热、盗汗就诊。4例行肾脏切除术, 3例行肾脏肿物穿刺活检。病理均为非霍奇金淋巴瘤（NHL）, 其中B细胞淋巴瘤 （B-NHL） 6例, T细胞淋巴瘤 （T-NHL） 1例。均接受了CHOP或CHOP样方案化疗。男、 女性平均生存期分别为9、 19.5个月, 巨块型 （是、 否） 平均生存期分别为8、 24.3个月, 体力状态评分 （PS）（0、 1、 2分） 平均生存期分别为30.5、 10.5和7.7个月, 单纯化疗与手术联合化疗的平均生存期分别为8.7、 19.8个月。结论： PRL是罕见的结外淋巴瘤。临床和影像学表现不典型, 容易误诊为 “肾癌”, 确诊依赖于组织病理学检查。治疗方式推荐手术切除+化疗 （放疗） 为主的综合治疗。预后可能与性别、 肿瘤大小、 PS评分和治疗方式有关。