经肝动脉途径行肝癌化疗栓塞后胆汁瘤形成的CT表现与临床意义

目的 探讨肝癌经动脉穿刺化疗栓塞（transcatheter arterial chelnoelnbolization，TACE）治疗后肝内胆汁瘤形成的CT表现和临床意义。方法 搜集我院2000年至2004年经CT检查系列随访的肝癌TACE后患者共3948例。观察TACE术后有无胆管阻塞和扩张等表现。结果 共发现35例（09％，35／3948）胆汁瘤，其中沿Glisson鞘呈分支样分布的低密度区4例，残癌病灶周围柱状改变7例，囊状改变33例。结论 胆汁瘤是肝癌介入治疗后并发症之，随病情进展可以有不同CT表现。治疗上可采取以内科保守治疗为主的多种方法。     

Pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma: comparison of MR imaging with CT and I-131 MIBG scintigraphy

To ascertain the magnetic resonance (MR) imaging characteristics of pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas and to compare MR with computed tomography (CT) and iodine-131 metaiodobenzylguanidine (I-131 MIBG), 19 patients (18 with pheochromocytomas, one with a paraganglioma) were studied. The 18 patients with pheochromocytomas had had positive findings with I-131 MIBG scintigraphy. Abdominal pheochromocytomas were generally hypointense compared with normal liver on T1-weighted MR images and extremely hyperintense on T2-weighted MR images. MR imaging was preferable to CT in the evaluation of primary pheochromocytomas due to superior tissue characterization, particularly in the patient with hypertension and borderline catecholamine levels. For patients with recurrent or metastatic disease, the data suggest that I-131 MIBG scintigraphy is the examination of choice.     

正交法优选安宫牛黄微丸处方药材的醇提工艺

目的优选安宫牛黄微丸的最佳提取工艺。方法以干膏率和3种成分的含量（黄芩苷、栀子苷、盐酸小檗碱）为检测指标,以乙醇浓度、用量、提取时间、提取次数为考察因素,采用正交试验优选最佳提取工艺。结果最佳提取工艺为12倍量70%的乙醇溶液,回流提取3次,2h/次。结论该工艺简便,稳定,合理,可用于工业化生产。     

不同微生物诱导家蝇幼虫表达抗菌肽的特性

研究不同微生物诱导家蝇幼虫表达的抗菌肽特性.用3种不同的病源菌通过针刺感染的方法诱导家蝇幼虫表达抗菌肽,通过Sephadex G25分离,用Hult mark改进法和抑菌圈测定法作抑菌试验,用毛细管电泳（CE）分析不同微生物诱导得到的抗菌肽样品差异,检测抗菌肽的热稳定性和酸碱耐受性.发现不同微生物诱导产生的家蝇抗菌肽具有广谱抑菌性,但不同样品对不同病源菌抑菌活性有差异,不同测定抑菌效果的方法对抑菌结果有影响,各种抗菌肽样品CE蛋白谱具有明显不同.抗菌肽样品都具有热稳定性和酸碱耐受性.说明不同微生物诱导产生的家蝇抗菌肽类型以及抗菌肽含量与诱导源有关,抗菌肽为家蝇幼虫体内固有成分,诱导增加了抗菌肽的表达量同时刺激新抗菌肽的产生.用志贺氏菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、鼠伤寒沙门氏菌诱导家蝇幼虫可产生较多含量高活性好的抗菌肽.     

Factors associated with treatment lag in infantile spasms

Aim The aim of this study was to evaluate the conditions in which infantile spasms are diagnosed and their possible impact on the course of the disease. Method We carried out a retrospective study of the reasons for delayed treatment of infantile spasms (treatment lag) in western France over the period 1990–2003. A total of 156 infants, 87 male (55%) and 69 female (45%), with infantile spasms were identified, in 45 (29%) of whom the spasms were symptomatic. They were aged 1 week to 24 months (median 20wks, mean 22.4, SD 13.3) at first symptoms. To be included in the study, participants had to exhibit a combination of clusters of spasms, altered psychomotor development, and paroxysmal electroencephalographic (EEG) activity, as defined by the International League Against Epilepsy. We did not restrict onset to the first year of life as infantile spasms may begin after the age of 1 year. Results The mean time from appearance of first symptom to first visit to a medical practitioner was 4 weeks. In 14% of cases, the reason for the visit was non‐neurological, the parents having noticed no neurological symptoms before the visit. The diagnosis was missed at first visit in 38% of the cases examined, with the incorrect diagnosis mostly commonly being gastro‐oesophageal reflux or no abnormality. This increased to 74% after a second visit, in all cases based on an abnormal EEG. However, in 5% the time between first presentation and diagnosis was over 2 months and up to 10 visits were required. The time lag between first presentation and diagnosis was significantly longer for individuals presenting to general practitioners than to paediatricians (p=0.03). Response to treatment was poorer in those in whom diagnosis was delayed. Interpretation Various steps could be taken to reduce treatment lag such as training general practitioners, informing the parents of individuals at risk about the possibility of infantile spasms, and recommending that EEG is performed before brain imaging in children with unexplained psychomotor delay.     

T2 values in the human brain: comparison with quantitative assays of iron and ferritin

Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging with a whole-body imager was performed in 10 fresh, unfixed whole human brains selected randomly from cadavers. All subjects were neurologically intact before death. T2 time constants were measured within the caudate nucleus, putamen, globus pallidus, cortical gray matter, subcortical white matter, and optic radiation. These regions were then excised, and T2 values were measured again with a 1.5-T MR spectrometer. Quantitative assays of iron, ferritin, and protein from these areas were then performed. Iron concentration varied significantly among brain regions, whereas ferritin and protein concentrations were constant among brain regions and among individuals. Neither iron nor ferritin concentration showed any consistent correlation with T2 values. Histologic examination of brain micro-sections with iron- and ferritin-specific stains of demonstrated poor correlation with biochemical assays of ferritin and iron concentrations. Results indicate that T2 values correlate poorly with iron and ferritin concentrations found in neurologically intact brains.     

Serum levels of Cartilage Oligomeric Matrix Protein (COMP) increase temporarily after physical exercise in patients with knee osteoarthritis

Background  

COMP (Cartilage oligomeric matrix protein) is a matrix protein, which is currently studied as a potential serum marker for cartilage processes in osteoarthritis (OA). The influence of physical exercise on serum COMP is not fully elucidated.     

脾动脉瘤的临床特征与腔内治疗：附30例报告

背景与目的:脾动脉瘤(SAA)是一类少见、具有潜在致命破裂风险的内脏动脉瘤疾病。SAA的传统手术方式为开腹切除动脉瘤及脾脏。近年来,随着介入技术和材料的发展,SAA的腔内治疗越来越普及。相比于开放手术,腔内治疗具有微创、简便、术后快速康复的优势。本文探讨SAA腔内治疗的有效性和安全性。方法:回顾性分析2012年1月—2019年12月在中南大学湘雅医院血管外科治疗的30例SAA患者资料,并介绍了我科治疗SAA的3种介入手术方式。结果:患者30例均行腹部CTA明确SAA诊断,其中近脾门型17例,中间型9例,远脾门型4例;囊状动脉瘤19例,梭形动脉瘤11例。30例均采取腔内治疗方法,其中21例行SAA栓塞术,6例行脾动脉支架置入术,3例行脾动脉裸支架置入+栓塞术。患者术后平均住院时间4 d,平均住院费用5万元,术后发生腹痛、呕吐、发热等症状10例,症状均在3 d以内缓解,无后遗症发生。发生穿刺点出血1例,保守治疗好转后出院。住院期间无急性脾梗死发生,没有发生需再次手术的并发症。22例患者术后随访3～6个月,CT复查示动脉瘤完全血栓化,未见造影剂进入;出现无症状局灶性脾梗死5例。结论:介入腔内手术可在保留脾脏的情况下治疗SAA,治疗效果确切,且创伤小,术后恢复快,并发症发生概率低,住院时间短,费用相比开放手术无明显增加。腔内治疗可作为绝大部分SAA的首选治疗,具体手术方式需根据术前CTA显示的SAA形态及位置来决定。     

异位中肾管囊肿合并异位睾丸恶变1例报告并文献复习

目的:报告1例罕见异位中肾管囊肿合并异位睾丸恶变病例,提高对本病的诊治水平。方法:回顾分析异位中肾管囊肿合并异位睾丸恶变的病例的临床资料,结合国内外相关文献,探讨异位中肾管囊肿合并异位睾丸恶变的发病机制、诊断及治疗。结果:经腹切除巨大囊肿及右侧异位恶变睾丸,左侧隐睾行下降固定,病理示"右异位中肾管囊肿,右侧异位睾丸精原细胞瘤",随访1年无转移。结论:异位中肾管囊肿合并异位睾丸恶变极为罕见,影像学检查可协助诊断,但最终需病理确诊,应早期行手术切除。后续治疗取决于隐睾恶变的病理类型及分期。     

《中华消化外科杂志》2002—2012年载文著者分析

目的从载文、著者的角度研究《中华消化外科杂志》的学术水平和影响力。方法利用万方数据库、中国知网数据库,检索2002年至2012年《中华消化外科杂志》刊出论文情况,对全文进行浏览并保存,录入Excel软件进行各项数据统计,用文献计量学的方法对该杂志2002年至2012年的载文和著者情况进行统计分析。结果《中华消化外科杂志》11年载文1917篇,每期平均载文量29．05篇,基金项目论文占30．62％,被引率为58．52％;著者来自32个省、直辖市及中国香港特别行政区,重庆、北京、上海3个地区作者发文分别为446篇（23．27％）、240篇（12．52％）、203篇（10．59％）,位居前3位,其次为四川省、江苏省和广东省。医学院校附属医院发文1382篇（72．09％）。合著率为90．03％,合作度为4．37。结论《中华消化外科杂志》是一个高质量的学术期刊,具有一定的社会影响力。该刊著者分布范围广,合作率高,但总体分布尚不均衡。