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991.
Biliary dilatation: defining the level and cause by real-time US 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
In a 15-month period, 110 patients with subsequently proved biliary dilatation were evaluated with ultrasound (US). The level of dilatation was defined as pancreatic, suprapancreatic, or at the level of the porta hepatis. Causes of dilatation included pancreatitis, choledocholithiasis, neoplasm, and stricture. The distal duct was examined initially on transverse scans obtained with the patient in a semierect right posterior oblique position; the proximal duct was then examined on longitudinal scans obtained with the patient in a supine left posterior oblique position. When this scanning technique was used, US indicated the level of dilatation in 91.8% of cases and suggested the correct cause in 70.9%. Because this approach markedly improves US visualization of the intrapancreatic bile duct, distal obstructing lesions, which are the most common, can be optimally examined. 相似文献
992.
993.
Alloimmune neonatal neutropenia, neonatal autoimmune neutropenia and autoimmune neutropenia of infancy have remained nebulous entities with difficulties in both clinical and laboratory identification. These disorders are reviewed in this article. 相似文献
994.
995.
M. I. C. GASPAR ELSAS P. XAVIER ELSAS† D. JOSEPH‡ N. HAVET‡ L. A. ADELINO DA SILVA D. R. SALGADO† B. SALIOU§ B. B. VARGAFTIG‡ 《Clinical and experimental allergy》1997,27(2):208-217
Background Alveolar macrophages (AM) may participate in brochopulmonary hyperreactivity by secreting cytokines that recruit mature eosinophils, or induce eosinophil production from recruited circulating progenitors. Objective To define whether AM products can contribute to lung eosinophil production in immunized guinea pigs (GP), by analysing the effect of AM culture supernatatits (AM-SN) on in vitro eosinophilopoiesis. Methods Liquid and semi-solid bone marrow (BM) cultures were seeded witb SN from 95% pure AM exposed to LPS. Results AM-SN increased very significantly the long-term viability, cell proliferation and eosinophil production in liquid culture and supported formation of eosinophil-bearing mixed colonies, by acting on progenitors depleted of mature eosinophils. The effect on eosinophil production was not duplicated by natural or recombinant sources of GM-CSF (which nevertheless supported GM colony formation by GP BM), not by rhIL-8 (which was active on GP cells) and was not due to residual LPS. FPLC separation of active AM SN yielded a peak of apparent m.w. 43 kDa, active on both liquid and semi-solid cultures. The active moiety was heat- and trypsin-resistant. Neutralizing monoclonal antibodies to hGM-CSF, mGM-CSF, hIL-3 and mIL-3 failed to deplete the activity in AM-SN. Ovalbumin immunization induced its production by AM even without LPS challenge. Conclusions The lack of T lymphocytes among factor-producing AM, the properties of the active material, the inability of GM-CSF to reproduce these effects, and the failure of MoAbs to GM-CSF and to IL-3 to neutralize the activity indicate it is not due to the major eosinopoietic factors GM-CSF, IL-3 or IL-5. 相似文献
996.
HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS TYPE 2 IN BRAZIL: SEROEPIDEMIOLOGIC SURVEY 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
OMAR LUPI DA ROSA-SANTOS M.D. ANGELA GONÇALVES DA SILVA PH.D. ANTORNIO CARLOS PEREIRA JR. M.D. PH.D. 《International journal of dermatology》1996,35(11):794-796
Background. The incidence of genital herpes is increasing worldwide. Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV–2) is the most common cause of genital ulcerations among the sexually transmitted diseases (STDS). In order to investigate the sexual transmission of genital herpes infection in Brazil, the prevalence of specific antibodies to HSV-2, in populations of high and low risk for STDS was evaluated. Methods. The population at low risk for STDS was composed of 155 voluntary blood donors at the University Hospitals between February and August, 1994. The population at high risk for STDS was composed of 85 HIV-seropositive persons, consisting of homosexual and promiscuous heterosexual men. A group of 20 highly active prostitutes was also studied between May and July, 1994. All blood samples were screened using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) that detects type-specific antibodies to HSV–2 glycoprotein G. Before donating blood, all persons in the study group were given a questionnaire concerning risk factors for acquisition of STDS and suitable to show the socioepidemiologic characteristics of the subjects. Results. The prevalence of ELISA showing HSV–2 infections among HIV-seroposite persons, was 73% (P < 0.01). In the whole group at high risk for STDS, the prevalence was 72% (P < 0.05). Infection with HSV-2, as determined by seroprevalence, was significantly and independently associated with years of sexual activity, history of previous STDS, number of sexual partners in the previous month, number of pregnancies, and previous induced abortions, as well as the percentage of sexual acts involving receptive anal intercourse. 相似文献
997.
J. A. Joseph N. Denisova R. Villalobos-Molina S. Erat J. Strain 《Molecular and chemical neuropathology / sponsored by the International Society for Neurochemistry and the World Federation of Neurology and research groups on neurochemistry and cerebrospinal fluid》1996,28(1-3):35-40
Research from our laboratory has indicated that the loss of sensitivity that occurs in several receptor systems as a function of age may be an index of an increasing inability to respond to oxidative stress (OS). This loss occurs partially as a result of altered signal transduction (ST). Assessments have involved determining the nature of age-related reductions in oxotremorine enhancement of K+-evoked dopamine release (K+-ERDA) from superfused striatal slices. Using this model, we have found that 1. Reductions can be restored with in vivo administration of the free-radical trapping agent,N-tert-butyl-α-phenylnitrone (PBN); 2. Decrements in DA release induced by NO or H2O2 from striatal slices from both young and old animals could be restored with α-tocopherol or PBN; 3. ST decrements, such as those seen in aging, could be induced with radiation exposure; and 4. Preincubation of the striatal slices with cholesterol decreased subsequent deleterious effects of NO or OH· on DA release. Thus, cholesterol, which increases in neuronal membranes as a function of age, may function as a potent antioxidant and protectant against neuronal damage. These results suggest that therapeutic efforts to restore cognitive deficits in aging and age-related disease might begin with antioxidant reversal of ST decrements. 相似文献
998.
Oral midazolam compared with diazepam-droperidol and trimeprazine as premedicants in children 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Ninety children were assigned randomly to one of three groups for premedication with oral midazolam 0.5 mg·kg−1 , diazepam 0.25 mg·kg−1 with droperidol 0.25 mg·kg−1 , or trimeprazine 2 mg·kg−1 . On arrival at the anaesthetic room, anxiolysis was satisfactory in 26 out of 29 (90%) children who received midazolam compared with 23 out of 29 (79%) who received diazepam-droperidol and 18 out of 29 (62%) who received trimeprazine ( P <0.05); at induction of anaesthesia these proportions were 24 out of 29 (83%), 16 out of 29 (55%) and 11 out of 29 (40%) respectively ( P <0.001). When individual groups were compared, anxiolysis was significantly greater in the midazolam group compared with the trimeprazine group on arrival in the anaesthetic room ( P <0.05) and significantly greater in the midazolam group than in either the diazepam-droperidol or the trimeprazine groups at induction of anaesthesia ( P <0.05 and P <0.001 respectively). There were no significant differences in times to early recovery between the groups (25.4, 24.4 and 28.5 min). Analysis of behavioural questionnaires completed two weeks after hospitalization showed a trend towards fewer postoperative behavioural disturbances in children who received midazolam or diazepam-droperidol compared with trimeprazine (47 and 44% vs 75%); when the results for the benzodiazepine-containing premedicants were combined, the difference between these groups and trimeprazine was statistically significant ( P <0.05). 相似文献
999.
C Jackson MB BS FRACGP J Bullock MB BS DA † M Pitt MB BS † J Keogh MB BS † W Glasson FRACO FRACS § L Hirst MD FRACO FRACS ¶ 《Clinical & experimental ophthalmology》1995,23(3):173-178
Objectives: (1) To pilot, and evaluate, a tonometry training intervention for general practitioners; (2) to evaluate the efficacy of three types of tonometer (Perkins, Schiotz and Tonopen) in the hands of these general practitioners; (3) to evaluate the predictive value of tonometry in screening for glaucoma in a general practice population; and (4) to evaluate the acceptability of tonometry to general practice patients. Design: After being trained, three general practitioners recruited 73 of their patients over 50 years of age to attend for measurement of intraocular pressure by tonometry. Intraocular pressure was initially measured by an ophthalmologist using the Goldmann applanation tonometer, and then recorded in random order by GPs using three types of tonometer — the Perkins, Schiotz and Tonopen. Setting: A group general practice in a middle-class suburb in southern Brisbane. Outcome measures: (1) Comparison of measurements on the Perkins, Schiotz and Tonopen tonometers with that of the ‘gold standard’, the Goldmann Applanation tonometer; (2) Prevalence of disc and perimetric abnormality suggestive of glaucoma among those patients with increased intraocular pressure; and (3) the acceptability of contact tonometry to general practice patients. Results: There was considerable variability between intraocular values obtained across doctors and across instruments (6% to 95% of values within 4 mm of the ‘gold standard’). The Schiotz tonometer provided the most uniform assessment of intraocular pressure across the groups. Nineteen of the 73 patients (26%) had intraocular pressures ≥21 mmHg using the ‘gold standard’. Of these, 18 were followed up with funduscopy, gonioscopy, repeat measurement of intraocular pressure and visual field assessment. Five had persistent elevations of intraocular pressure ≥21 mmHg on subsequent assessment, and two had mild abnormalities of cup—disc ratio with normal fields on testing with Humphrey computerised perimetry. Conclusion: No one hand-held tonometer proved highly accurate in the hands of all three doctors. Even measured optimally, increased intraocular pressure alone was a poor predictor of glaucoma. Of the population screened, two patients (3%) showed evidence of mild cup-disc abnormality requiring follow-up. 相似文献
1000.