乙型肝炎病毒对肝内TGF-β1/Smads信号通路的作用

 目的：探讨乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）对肝内TGF-β1蛋白表达及Smads信号通路的作用,为制定慢性乙肝肝纤维化临床治疗策略提供理论依据。方法：(1)运用免疫组化PV-6000法检测对照组和慢性乙肝组肝组织中TGF-β1、HBsAg和HBcAg的表达,并采用荧光定量PCR法测定慢性乙肝患者血清HBV DNA含量。(2)应用体外细胞培养技术培养HBV刺激的人肝星状细胞系LX-2细胞,Western blotting方法测定其细胞内TGF-β1、Smad3和Smad7的蛋白表达。结果：(1)慢性乙肝组肝组织内TGF-β1的表达高于对照组（P＜0.01）;肝内TGF-β1表达水平与血清HBV DNA含量呈正相关（P＜0.01）,且HBcAg阳性肝组织水平较高（P＜0.01）。(2)体外细胞学实验中,HBV刺激组LX-2细胞内TGF-β1和Smad3蛋白含量高于对照组和HBV+抗-TGF-β1组（P＜0.01）;Smad7蛋白表达差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论：(1)TGF-β1在慢性乙肝患者肝组织中的表达与血清HBV DNA含量及肝内HBcAg的表达有关。(2)在TGF-β1/Smads信号通路中,HBV致纤维化作用机制以Smad3的正性调控为主,Smad7的作用不明显。     

血清及尿液特定蛋白检测在糖尿病肾病早期诊断中的意义

目的探讨尿微量白蛋白(MA)、尿α1-微球蛋白(α1-MG)、尿β2-微球蛋白(β2-MG)及血清β2-微球蛋白(β2-MG)在糖尿病肾病早期诊断中的意义。方法收集67例2型糖尿病患者和82名正常健康人的血清及尿液,分别利用化学发光法检测血清β2-MG、放射免疫法测定尿β2-MG及散射速率比浊法测定尿MA和尿α1-MG水平。结果与正常对照组相比,糖尿病组4组特定蛋白水平明显升高,结果有显著性差异(P均<0.05);此4组蛋白在正常对照组测得的结果无一例阳性,但在糖尿病组的阳性率分别为32.8%、47.8%、35.8%、34.3%;实验还发现随着病程的延长,糖尿病组4组蛋白的阳性率也相应升高(P<0.05)。结论测定尿液中MA、α1-MG、β2-MG及血清β2-MG水平对糖尿病肾病的早期诊断具有一定意义,能够帮助患者及早发现病情,减少疾病迁延。     

糖尿病合并高血压病人血小板参数的变化及临床意义

目的研究血小板参数在糖尿病(DM)及 DM合并高血压(HBP)病人中的变化及临床意义。方法收集 2018年 10月至 2019年 8月在武汉大学人民医院确诊为 2型糖尿病(T2DM)的病人 113例,将其作为 DM组; T2DM合并 HBP病人 157例,作为 DM合并 HBP组,并按照血压水平将其分为 HBPⅠ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ级三个亚组;检测并分析两组的空腹血糖(FPG)、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)、血小板计数(PLT)、血小板压积(PCT)、平均血小板容积(MPV)、血小板分布宽度(PDW)及大血小板比率(P?LCR)以及通过受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线比较 PLT、MPV、PDW、P?LCR、HbA1c对 DM合并 HBP的诊断价值;并探究 DM合并不同,严重程度 HBP病人以上指标的变化趋势。结果 DM合并 HBP组的 HbA1c［8.90(7.33,10.90)%比 8.70(6.68,10.48)%］、 PLT［222.00(191.50,268.00)109/L比 206.00(179.50,236.50)109/L］、 MPV［11.10(10.45,11.60)fl比 10.20(9.85,10.60)fl］、 PDW［(13.50±2.27)fl比(11.43±1.04)fl］、 P?LCR［(33.92±7.46)%比(25.94±4.49)%］的水平明显高于 DM组,且差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。随着 HBP严重程度的升高, FPG、MPV、PDW、P?LCR的水平升高,呈明显的上升趋势。 P?LCR的 ROC曲线下面积(AUC)为 0.812,大于 PLT(AUC为 0.618),MPV(AUC为 0.805)、 PDW(AUC为 0.799)和 HbA1c(AUC为 0.578)对 DM合并 HBP的诊断价值最大。结论血小板参数与 DM合并 HBP的发生关系密切,对于诊断评估 DM合并 HBP有一定的价值。,     

Brief Report: Transplantation of Allogeneic Canine Bone Marrow Stored at -80 C. in Dimethyl Sulfoxide

Prompt initial bone marrow engraftment was observed in 10 lethally irradiated dogs receiving infusions of 9.8 to 30.0 x 10⁹ allogeneic marrow cellsstored at -80 C. in dimethyl sulfoxide. The 3 recipients of bone marrow fromunrelated donors, mismatched by canine histocompatibility testing, subsequently rejected their grafts and died within 16 days with marrow hypoplasia.The 3 dogs with matched unrelated donors and the 4 with matched littermate donors all showed sustained marrow engraftment. Evidence of marrowrepopulation by allogeneic cells was obtained by cytogenetic studies in oneand by change to donor red cell type in 3 instances.

Submitted on December 16, 1968 Accepted on January 28, 1969     

Autologous bone marrow transplantation for acute myeloid leukemia using busulfan plus etoposide as a preparative regimen

We have studied the use of a new preparative regimen for the treatment of patients in remission of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with autologous bone marrow transplantation. Chemotherapy consisted of busulfan 1 mg/kg every 6 hours for 4 days (total dose, 16 mg/kg) on days -7 through -4 followed by an intravenous infusion over 6 to 10 hours of etoposide 60 mg/kg on day -3. Autologous bone marrow, treated in vitro with 100 micrograms/mL of 4-hydroperoxycyclophosphamide, was infused on day 0. We have treated 58 patients up to the age of 60 years, 32 in first remission, 21 in second or third remission, and 5 with primary refractory AML unresponsive to high-dose Ara-C, but achieving remission with aggressive salvage regimens. Of the first remission patients, there has been 1 treatment related death and 5 relapses. With median follow-up of 22 months, the actuarial relapse rate is 22% +/- 9% and disease-free survival is 76% +/- 9% at 3 years. Patients with favorable French-American-British (FAB) subtypes (M3 or M4 EO) did especially well, with no relapses seen in 15 patients observed for a median of 30 months. Actuarial relapse rate at 3 years was 48% for first remission patients with less favorable FAB subtypes. Of patients in second or third remission, there were 5 treatment related deaths and 4 relapses. With median follow-up of 22 months, the actuarial relapse rate is 25% +/- 11% and disease-free survival is 56% +/- 11% at 3 years. Four of five primary refractory patients died during treatment and 1 remains in remission with short follow-up. These preliminary data are very encouraging and, if confirmed, support the use of autologous purged bone marrow transplantation using aggressive preparative regimens as one approach to improve the outcome of adults with AML.     

Autologous bone marrow transplantation in acute myelogenous leukemia: in vitro treatment with myeloid cell-specific monoclonal antibodies

Second or third chemotherapy-induced remissions in acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) are limited by early relapse of the leukemia. We developed monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) that are cytotoxic to myeloid leukemia cells to treat bone marrow from these patients ex vivo for autologous transplantation. In this pilot study, bone marrow was harvested from ten patients with AML in remission, treated with one or two complement-fixing MoAbs, PM-81 and AML-2-23, which react with myeloid differentiation antigens, incubated with rabbit complement, and cryopreserved. These MoAbs were chosen because they have broad reactivity with AML cells but not with pluripotent progenitor cells. At the time of transplant, 6 patients were in second complete remission, 1 each was in third complete or partial remission, and 2 were in early first relapse. The patients were treated with cyclophosphamide (60 mg/kg a day for 2 days) and total body irradiation (200 cGy twice a day for 3 days) and given infusions of MoAb-treated bone marrow. Full bone marrow reconstitution was observed in eight patients; two patients did not recover platelets. Seven of the ten patients are surviving and disease-free at 21.0, 15.0, 13.0, 10.0, 6.0, 3.0, and 2.0 months posttransplant. Treating bone marrow with MoAbs to myeloid differentiation antigens does not interfere with pluripotential stem cell engraftment. Longer follow-up and a controlled study are necessary to prove that the apparent efficacy of this therapeutic approach in some patients is attributable to MoAb-mediated killing of leukemia cells.     

PDCA循环持续改进临床用血申请审核审批

目的探讨PDCA循环法在临床用血申请审核审批过程中的应用及效果。方法应用PDCA循环法对临床用血申请审核审批进行质量持续改进,对临床用血申请审核审批不合格及未用血后疗效评估申请进行原因分析,制订相应的措施、持续改进计划。结果通过PDCA循环,临床用血申请的审核审批率由干预前的82.7%提高至99.2%,审核审批率明显提高;疗效评估率由2012年的90.3%上升至2013年的97.7%。结论采用PDCA循环能有效提高临床用血申请审核审批率和输血后疗效评估率,持续改进临床输血质量管理,促进临床科学、合理、有效用血。     

优化静脉溶栓流程对基层医院高级卒中中心建设的影响研究

背景　急性缺血性脑卒中（AIS）是成年人死亡和致残的主要原因之一,如何恢复是全世界的一个主要健康问题。尽管在有效预防和治疗方面取得了相当大的进展,但仍面临着重大挑战,特别是急诊处理,静脉溶栓治疗是唯一一种改善患者预后的方法,但只有少数患者能使用。目的　探讨优化静脉溶栓流程对AIS患者入院至静脉溶栓用药时间（DNT）的影响及对高级卒中中心建设的作用。方法　收集2015年11月-2018年11月海宁市人民医院收治的采用重组组织型纤溶酶原激活物（rt-PA）静脉溶栓治疗的AIS患者186例为研究对象,根据时间进行分组,2015年11月-2018年3月患者采用常规溶栓流程为常规组,2018年4-11月患者接受优化静脉溶栓流程为优化组。比较两组患者一般资料、发病至就诊时间（OTD）、入院至CT检查时间（DTI）、入院至化验检验时间（DTL）、DNT、溶栓距发病时间（TP_WINDOW）、症状性脑出血（sICH）发生率,入院时、溶栓24 h及出院时评价美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表（NIHSS）评分,以ΔNIHSS评分≥4分为有效,出院后3个月临床结局采用改良Rankin量表（mRS）评定。结果　优化组入院时NIHSS评分低于常规组（P<0.05）。常规组与优化组患者OTD、sICH发生率、有效率、出院时NIHSS评分比较,差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）;优化组患者DTI、DTL、DNT、TP_WINDOW、出院后3个月mRS评分低于常规组,DNT<60 min所占比例高于常规组（P<0.05）。结论　优化静脉溶栓流程可以有效缩短AIS患者DNT,并有助于DNT达标控制在60 min内,未增加溶栓出血风险且影响远期预后,值得推广。