胡桃夹综合征的多层螺旋CT检查和应用价值

目的：探讨多层螺旋CT（MSCT）在诊断胡桃夹综合征（NCS）中的应用价值。方法：分析30例NCS患者（病例组）和120例正常人（对照组）的MSCT影像资料。观察NCS左肾静脉（LRV）的MSCT表现及伴随征象;测量病例组和对照组的肠系膜上动脉（SMA）与腹主动脉（AA）的夹角、LRV中心层面处SMA与AA之间距离、LRV在夹角受压处的截面积（S1）和近肾端最宽处的截面积（S2）,并计算其比值（S2/S1）,进行统计学分析。结果：病例组中2例可见左肾增大,2例左肾灌注慢,7例清晰显示侧枝循环建立,30例均可见LRV呈＂漏斗样＂变。两组比较各测量数据差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论：MSCT检查能清晰显示LRV的形态、能精确测量各数值,直观地评估LRV的受压变窄程度,还可观察NCS的伴随征象,为诊断提供有力的证据。     

Differing effects of breast cancer 1, early onset (BRCA1) and ataxia‐telangiectasia mutated (ATM) mutations on cellular responses to ionizing radiation

Purpose: The ataxia‐telangiectasia mutated (ATM) gene encodes a protein kinase, the activation of which is an early event in the cellular response to ionizing radiation. One of the many substrates of ATM is BRCA1 (breast cancer 1, early onset gene), which has been associated with susceptibility to breast and ovarian cancer, and has been implicated in DNA repair processes. Various cellular responses to radiation were analysed in cells with mutations in ATM or BRCA1 in an attempt to clarify which effects of ATM can be mediated through BRCA1.

Materials and methods: The response to radiation of cells with mutations in ATM or BRCA1 was examined, as were BRCA1‐mutant tumour cells transfected with an exogenous wild‐type BRCA1 allele. Assays included cell‐survival curves, studies of potentially lethal damage repair, measurement of chromosomal aberrations and of G1 arrest, and Western blot analysis of lysates of irradiated cells to determine the phosphorylation of the product of the human Mdm2 gene (HDM2).

Results: Both ATM and BRCA1 mutations were associated with sensitivity to ionizing radiation, deficient repair of potentially lethal damage and markedly increased chromosomal aberrations. A BRCA1‐mutated tumour cell line HCC1937, like ATM mutant cells, did not exhibit a normal G1 arrest but, unlike ATM mutant cells, did exhibit phosphorylation of HDM2. Expression of wild‐type BRCA1 in HCC1937 cells partially restored radioresistance, restored repair of potentially lethal damage and markedly reduced radiation‐induced chromosomal aberrations. G1 arrest, however, was not restored by expression of BRCA1.

Conclusions: The results are consistent with a model in which ATM phosphorylation of BRCA1 regulates DNA repair functions, particularly those involved in potentially lethal damage repair and chromosomal integrity, but not other aspects of the cellular response to radiation such as G1 cell cycle arrest. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first demonstration of the ability of exogenously expressed BRCA1 to restore the ability to perform potentially lethal damage repair and maintain chromosomal integrity in irradiated cells.     

胃泌素受体在胃癌组织中表达的特征及其预后价值

目的探讨胃泌素受体（ｇａｓｔｒｉｎｒｅｃｅｐｔｏｒ,ＧＲ）在胃癌自分泌生长中的作用及其与胃癌预后的关系。方法应用胃泌素受体的放射配基结合分析法,测定３４例胃癌组织胃泌素受体的含量及其亲和力。结果３４例胃癌中,胃癌组织胃泌素受体阳性１６例,其中低亲和力胃泌素受体２例;高亲和力胃泌素受体１４例,高含量胃泌素受体９例,低含量胃泌素受体５例。２４例Ⅲ、Ⅳ期胃癌中,胃癌组织胃泌素受体阳性１５例;１０例Ⅰ、Ⅱ期胃癌中,胃癌组织胃泌素受体阳性仅１例。胃癌组织胃泌素受体的表达与胃癌临床病理分型无关。胃泌素受体阳性的胃癌细胞Ｓ期细胞比例及超５倍体细胞比例均高于胃泌素受体阴性者。对３１例胃癌患者随访３１～６９个月,胃泌素受体阴性或低亲和力胃泌素受体的胃癌患者,其预后较高亲和力胃泌素受体者好。结论胃泌素受体易于在晚期胃癌中表达,其对评估胃癌患者的预后有一定参考价值。     

Is intrinsic asthma synonymous with infection?

Rackemann described the 'intrinsic asthma' population over 50 years ago as a unique subgroup that was characterized by onset of progressive loss of lung function beginning later in life, possibly after a respiratory infection. It has also been associated with a female predominance, aspirin-sensitive bronchospasm, and nasal polyposis. While the aetiology is not understood, we propose that persistent respiratory infections play a central role in the development of intrinsic asthma.     

Molecular characterization of CTX‐M‐15‐producing clinical isolates of Escherichia coli reveals the spread of multidrug‐resistant ST131 (O25:H4) and ST964 (O102:H6) strains in Norway

Nationwide, CTX‐M‐producing clinical Escherichia coli isolates from the Norwegian ESBL study in 2003 (n=45) were characterized on strain and plasmid levels. Bla_CTX‐M allele typing, characterization of the genetic environment, phylogenetic groups, pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), serotyping and multilocus sequence typing were performed. Plasmid analysis included S1‐nuclease‐PFGE, polymerase chain reaction‐based replicon typing, plasmid transfer and multidrug resistance profiling. Bla_CTX‐M‐15 (n=23; 51%) and bla_CTX‐M‐14 (n=11; 24%) were the major alleles of which 18 (78%) and 6 (55%), respectively, were linked to ISEcp1. Thirty‐two isolates were of phylogenetic groups B2 and D. Isolates were of 29 different XbaI‐PFGE‐types including six regional clusters. Twenty‐three different O:H serotypes were found, dominated by O25:H4 (n=9, 20%) and O102:H6 (n=9, 20%). Nineteen different STs were identified, where ST131 (n=9, 20%) and ST964 (n=7, 16%) were dominant. Bla_CTX‐M was found on ≥100 kb plasmids (39/45) of 10 different replicons dominated by IncFII (n=39, 87%), FIB (n=20, 44%) and FIA (n=19, 42%). Thirty‐nine isolates (87%) displayed co‐resistance to other classes of antibiotics. A transferable CTX‐M phenotype was observed in 9/14 isolates. This study reveals that the majority of CTX‐M‐15‐expressing strains in Norway are part of the global spread of multidrug‐resistant ST131 and ST‐complex 405, associated with ISEcp1 on transferrable IncFII plasmids.     

HIV-Ⅰ CN54株gagprotease基因嵌合脊髓灰质炎病毒cDNA质粒的构建和表达研究

目的 构建HIV-1 CN54株gagprotease基因嵌合脊髓灰质炎病毒cDNA的表达质粒，并鉴定、检测基因及其表达。方法 用PCR技术获得人免疫缺陷病毒CN54株的gagprotease基因，并使其两端带上合适的酶切住点，将其定向插入到包含脊髓灰质炎病毒cDNA的表达质粒pSVA14中，替代其部分结构基因，构建HIV基因嵌合缺陷性脊髓灰质炎病毒基因组的表达质粒。经筛选、鉴定后用脂质体转染技术将新构建的质粒转入Hela细胞内，用Western Blot方法检测目的基因在Hela细胞内的表达。结果 PCR技术扩增所得的人免疫缺陷病毒CN54株gagprotease基因经琼脂糖凝胶电泳、DNA测序证实成功获得，未引入突变碱基，筛选、鉴定证明gagprotease基因被正确定向插入到脊髓灰质炎病毒的cDNA序列之中，Western Blot检测到gagpro-tcase基因正确表达了相关蛋白。结论 成功构建了表达人免疫缺陷病毒CN54株gagprotease基因的缺陷性脊髓灰质炎病毒基因组嵌合质粒，为利用脊髓灰质炎病毒作人免疫缺陷病毒基因的表达载体奠定了基础，此研究对开发以脊髓灰质炎病毒为艾滋病的疫苗载体有重要意义。     

羟基磷灰石/聚合物复合材料的研究进展

该文对羟基磷灰石与天然生物材料、人工合成的医用可生物降解高分子材料以及医用非降解高分子材料的研究应用与进展进行了总结.并对羟基磷灰石/聚合物复合材料的发展趋势进行了探讨.     

Hospital-Based Perinatal Home-Care Program

In recent years, hospitals have established home-care programs to provide care on a continuum, meeting needs in the hospital and home setting, whichever is most appropriate and efficient in response to defined patient needs. Hospital-based home-care programs with specialization in perinatal nursing have been established to meet the care needs of patients and their families during antepartum, postpartum, and neonatal periods. One of the greatest advantages of a hospital-based program is the internal availability of highly knowledgeable and skilled nursing staff. Physicians are more likely to refer patients to a program that is staffed with nurses they know and trust from the hospital setting. More cost-effective and coordinated care is achieved through the appropriate use of resources across the continuum.