一个计量型制剂含量均匀度检查新方案的制订与评价

采用概率统计计算方法找到符台一定质量要求的制剂批单剂含量总体均值和标准差的轨迹,进行近似并确定了二次抽样范围,从而制订出一个以标示量为参考值、二次抽样的计量型含量均匀度检查新方案;然后用蒙特卡洛即统计模拟方法为该方案在4个不同允许废品率下绘制抽样特性(OC)曲线,同时统计平均样本容量,并与几个国家药典典型的含量均匀度检查法的对应指标比较;最后讨论了新方案的准确性、灵活性和在控制生产上的实用性等问题。     

Transfemoral venous liver biopsy: Common problems and complications

Liver biopsy is still most commonly done via the percutaneous route; however, increasingly, transvascular venous liver biopsy has been used in patients with bleeding disorders. Although the jugular route is now generally favoured, a transfemoral route can be a useful alternative technique when the jugular route is not available. We describe the transfemoral technique and outline a number of commonly encountered problems and complications and suggested methods of addressing them.     

Detection of myocardial ischemia in vitro by computed tomography

The applicability of CT in the delineation of ischemic myocardium is defined. Twenty-six dogs had their left anterior descending coronary artery occluded, and radiolabeled microspheres were injected into the left atrium to measure myocardial blood flow. From 30 minutes to 7 weeks after coronary occlusion the hearts were excised and scanned in a CT head scanner. An unbiased observer divided selected CT scans slices into normal, abnormal, and borderline areas of attenuation coefficients; these were correlated with blood flow measurements and a progressive decrease in flow from normal to borderline and borderline to abnormal segments was found. As early as 2 hours after coronary arterial occlusion, areas of reduced attenuation coefficient, corresponding to regions of reduced blood flow, were seen. Areas of increased attenuation were seen in regions containing microcalcifications and fibrosis in several longer term experiments. Areas of reduced blood flow were visible immediately after coronary arterial occlusion with intravenous iodinated contrast material (1 ml/kg). CT detection of regions of reduced blood flow defined by radiolabeled microsphere is a promising means of detecting and sizing myocardial infarcts.