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121.
A total body plethysmograph is descirbed which was used to study thoracic gas volume (TGV) in infants and young children from birth to 2 1/2 years, and was suitable for use even in very sick babies. Normal TGV values were obtained in 42 studies of 35 healthy infants and young children, and 16 children with abnormal lung volume are described. TGV correlated well with length, weight, chest circumference, and age in the healthy infants. A low TGV was found in children with respiratory difficulties after cardiac and thoracic surgery, in respiratory distress syndrome of the newborn, and in association with pulmonary infection and chest cage abnormalities. Abnormally high TGV was most frequently seen in infants with small airways disease. 相似文献
122.
Electron immunocytochemical analysis of posterior hyaloid associated with diabetic macular edema 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
BACKGROUND: Tangential traction in the macula from a thickened posterior hyaloid of the vitreous has been implicated as a cause of diffuse diabetic macular edema. Vitrectomy with peeling of the posterior hyaloid has been shown to reduce retinovascular leakage and improve vision in select patients. We report a clinicopathologic correlation using electron microscopy and electron immunocytochemistry to characterize the membrane infiltrating the posterior hyaloid in two such patients. METHODS: Two patients presented with vision loss associated with diffuse diabetic macular edema and an attached, thickened, and taut posterior hyaloid. The patients underwent vitrectomy with peeling of the posterior hyaloid. The premacular posterior hyaloid specimens then were analyzed by electron microscopy with immunocytochemical staining for cytokeratin and glial fibrillary acidic protein. RESULTS: Both posterior hyaloid specimens contained collagen and a large cellular component. Immunogold labeling showed cells positive for glial fibrillary acidic protein or cytokeratin. With double labeling, no cells expressed both proteins simultaneously. Clinically, both patients had vision improvement and macular edema resolution after surgery. CONCLUSIONS: The thickened, taut posterior hyaloid observed in our patients with diabetic macular edema contained cells of glial and epithelial origin. This cellular infiltration may contribute to abnormal vitreomacular adherence and could play a role in the pathogenesis of macular edema in some patients with diabetes. 相似文献
123.
Effects of particle exposure and particle-elicited inflammatory cells on mutation in rat alveolar epithelial cells 总被引:20,自引:3,他引:20
Driscoll KE; Deyo LC; Carter JM; Howard BW; Hassenbein DG; Bertram TA 《Carcinogenesis》1997,18(2):423-430
To investigate mechanisms underlying development of lung adenomas and
carcinomas in rats exposed to poorly soluble particles the relationships
between particle exposure, inflammation and mutagenesis in rat alveolar
type II cells were characterized. Rats were exposed to saline or saline
suspensions of 10 and 100 mg/kg of alpha-quartz, carbon black or titanium
dioxide by intratracheal instillation. Fifteen months after exposure,
bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cells were characterized as to number and type
and lung histopathology performed. The alveolar type II cells were isolated
and cultured in 6 thioguanine (6TG) containing media to select for mutation
in the hprt gene. The potential contribution of lung inflammatory cells to
in vivo mutagenic responses, were evaluated by co-culturing BAL cells with
the rat alveolar epithelial cell line, RLE-6TN for 24 h and the RLE-6TN
cells selected for 6TG resistance. Neutrophilic inflammation was detected
in all rats exposed to 10 and 100 mg/kg of alpha-quartz and carbon black
and 100 mg/kg titanium dioxide; epithelial hyperplasia was observed in rats
exposed to 10 and 100 mg/kg of alpha-quartz and 100 mg/kg carbon black.
Hprt mutation frequency was increased in alveolar type II cells from rats
exposed to 10 and 100 mg/kg of alpha-quartz, 100 mg/kg carbon black and 100
mg/kg titanium dioxide. In vitro exposure of RLE-6TN cells to BAL cells
from rats treated with 10 and 100 mg/kg of alpha- quartz or 100 mg/kg
carbon black increased hprt mutant frequency. Both macrophage and
neutrophil enriched BAL cell populations were mutagenic to RLE-6TN cells,
however, the mutagenic activity appeared greatest for neutrophils. Addition
of catalase to BAL cell:RLE-6TN co-cultures inhibited the increase in hprt
mutation frequency. These studies demonstrate exposure of rats to doses of
particles producing significant neutrophilic inflammation is associated
with increased mutation in rat alveolar type II cells. The ability of
particle- elicited macrophages and neutrophils to exert a mutagenic effect
on epithelial cells in vitro supports a role for these inflammatory cells
in the in vivo mutagenic effects of particle exposure. The inhibition of
BAL cell-induced mutations by catalase implies a role for cell- derived
oxidants in this response.
相似文献
124.
BJ Smit JH Kok LS de Vries AG van Wassenaer FW Dekker BW Ongerboer de Visser 《Pediatrics》1998,101(5):865-869
OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of L-thyroxine supplementation on neurologic maturation in very preterm infants with transient hypothyroxinemia. DESIGN: Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, L-thyroxine supplementation trial. SETTING: Level III neonatal intensive care unit. SUBJECTS: A total of 200 infants <30 weeks' gestational age. INTERVENTION: Subjects were randomly assigned to receive L-thyroxine (8 microg/kg birth weight per day) or a placebo during the first 6 weeks of life. METHODS: Median nerve somatosensory evoked potentials were recorded, measuring cortical N1 peak latency at 2 weeks of age, at term, and at 6 months (corrected) age. RESULTS: Cortical N1 peak latency was not decreased significantly in the L-thyroxine group compared with the placebo group throughout the study period. CONCLUSION: L-Thyroxine supplementation during the first 6 weeks of life did not decrease cortical N1 peak latency in infants of <30 weeks' gestational age. 相似文献
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129.
Faisal Mohammad Amin Elisabet Lundholm Anders Hougaard Nanna Arngrim Linda Wiinberg Patrick JH de Koning Henrik BW Larsson Messoud Ashina 《The journal of headache and pain》2014,15(1):25
Background
Non-invasive magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) has facilitated repeated measurements of human cranial arteries in several headache and migraine studies. To ensure comparability across studies the same automated analysis software has been used, but the intra- and interobserver, day-to-day and side-to-side variations have not yet been published. We hypothesised that the observer related, side-to-side, and day-to-day variations would be less than 10%.Methods
Ten female participants were studied using high-resolution MRA on two study days separated by at least one week. Using the automated LKEB-MRA vessel wall analysis software arterial circumferences were measured by blinded observers. Each artery was analysed twice by each of the two different observers. The primary endpoints were to determine the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and intra- an inter-observer, the day-to-day, and side-to-side variations of the circumference of the middle meningeal (MMA) and middle cerebral (MCA) arteries.Results
We found an excellent intra- and interobserver agreement for the MMA (ICC: 0.909-0.987) and for the MCA (ICC: 0.876-0.949). The coefficient of variance within observers was ≤1.8% for MMA and ≤3.1% for MCA; between observers ≤3.4% (MMA) and ≤4.1% (MCA); between days ≤6.0% (MMA) and ≤8.0% (MCA); between sides ≤9.4% (MMA) and ≤6.5% (MCA).Conclusion
The present study demonstrates a low (<5%) inter- and intraobserver variation using the automated LKEB-MRA vessel wall analysis software. Furthermore, the study also suggests that the day-to-day and side-to-side variations of the MMA and MCA circumferences are less than 10%. 相似文献130.
Critical Incident History Questionnaire Replication: Frequency and Severity of Trauma Exposure Among Officers From Small and Midsize Police Agencies
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Brian A. Chopko Patrick A. Palmieri Richard E. Adams 《Journal of traumatic stress》2015,28(2):157-161
Frequency and severity of trauma exposure are thought to influence posttraumatic reactions. Weiss et al.’s Critical Incident History Questionnaire (CIHQ; 2010) measures these variables among law enforcement officers; they reported findings using a sample of officers from large urban departments. We noted the need for replication studies utilizing samples from smaller and rural police agencies. The purpose of this study was to replicate the CIHQ findings from Weiss et al. using a sample (N = 193) of officers from small and midsize police departments and officers whose duties include policing rural and isolated jurisdictions. Frequency and severity findings were similar to those reported by Weiss et al. (2010). Regarding frequency, the present study found the critical incident exposure mean score was 188.5, compared to 168.5 from Weiss et al. (2010). Making a mistake that kills or injures a colleague had the highest mean nomothetic severity rating in both studies. Among the various variables examined in this study, PTSD symptoms demonstrated the strongest association with the exposure indices, based on Spearman rank correlations (r = .26–.46). 相似文献