Dynamic evaluation of 18F-FDG uptake by microPET and whole-body autoradiography in a fibrosarcoma-bearing mouse model.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Fluorine-18-2-deoxy-D-glucose (18F-FDG) has been used in the clinic as a diagnostic radiotracer for monitoring many kinds of tumors, but its value for monitoring fibrosarcoma is not well established. METHODS: In this study, the uptake of 18F-FDG in a fibrosarcoma-bearing mouse model was evaluated using the high resolution positron emission tomography (PET) system microPET. Tumor cells were implanted in 3 FVB/N mice, and static microPET scanning was performed on day 1, 7, 12 and 15 after implantation. A dynamic microPET image was scanned on day 12 to determine the 18F-FDG uptake in 3 other tumor-bearing mice. Time-activity curves were plotted by drawing regions of interest in the tumor, liver, kidneys and muscles. The mice were sacrificed after dynamic microPET imaging and whole-body autoradiography (WBAR) was performed. For biodistribution study, 9 tumor-bearing mice, 3 per experimental group, were studied at 3 time points and the results were compared with the static microPET images. RESULTS: MicroPET images suggested that 18F-FDG could be used to monitor the growth of tumors 7 days after implantation. Dynamic scans of 18F-FDG uptake reached a plateau in the tumor after 20 minutes on day 12 after implantation. Both microPET and WBAR revealed evidence of tumor necrosis. The results of biodistribution and WBAR agreed with those from microPET images. CONCLUSION: MicroPET was useful for monitoring the growth of fibrosarcoma and determination of the maximal uptake time point of 18F-FDG in tumors in this tumor-bearing mouse model.     

144例脑血管意外患者死亡时间节律分析

目的　揭示脑血管意外死亡的年节律、月相节律以及昼夜节律 ,为临床及时防治提供时间依据。方法　采用流行病学调查方法收集资料 ,用 χ2 检验及圆形分布法来分析资料。结果　①脑出血死亡时间存在向上半夜集中的昼夜节律 ;②脑梗死死亡时间存在向冬季和下半夜集中的年节律和昼夜节律。结论　脑出血死亡存在昼夜节律 ,脑梗死死亡存在年节律和昼夜节律。     

抗β2—受体自身抗体在心肌梗死急性期的动态变化

目的:了解抗β2-受体的自身抗体在急性心肌梗死(AMI)时的变化规律.方法:以合成的人心脏β2-受体细胞外第二环表位肽段172-197氨基酸序列作为抗原,应用酶联免疫吸附(ELISA)方法,检测41例AMI患者,发病24小时、7天、2～4周时,血清中抗β2-受体自身抗体的阳性率,并与61例正常人的检测结果进行对比.结果:心肌梗死患者急性期抗β2-受体自身抗体的阳性率显著高于对照组(P＜0.05);心肌梗死发病24小时时抗β2-受体自身抗体的阳性率(29.3%)明显低于发病2～4周时(56.1%)的检测结果(P＜0.05);心肌梗死急性期心功能killip-1级者与killip-2级者比较,抗β2-受体自身抗体的阳性率无显著性差异.结论:抗β2-受体自身抗体存在于AMI患者血清中,且在发病2～4周内逐渐升高.该抗体的产生与心肌梗死急性期心功能状态无明显的相关性.     

Unlabeled uses of botulinum toxins: a review, part 1.

PURPOSE: Efficacy and safety data regarding the unlabeled uses of botulinum toxins are reviewed, and the pharmacology, adverse effects, and characteristics of commercially available botulinum toxins are discussed. SUMMARY: More than 300 articles have been published on the use of botulinum toxins, particularly botulinum toxin type A, to treat conditions characterized by excessive smooth or skeletal muscle spasticity. Botulinum toxins are synthesized by Clostridium botulinum and cause temporary local paralysis of the injected muscle by inhibiting acetylcholine release at the neuromuscular junction. While botulinum toxins have Food and Drug Administration-approved labeling to treat a limited number of spasticity disorders, including cervical dystonia and blepharospasm, the toxins have more than 50 reported therapeutic uses. Among these uses, the most rigorously studied indications include achalasia, essential tremors, palmar hyperhidrosis, chronic anal fissures, headache prophylaxis, and limb spasticity. The main adverse effects of the toxins are pain and erythema at the injection site, although unintended paralysis of muscles adjacent to the site of toxin injection may also occur. CONCLUSION: Clinical studies support the use of botulinum toxins for certain conditions, although more studies are needed to establish the role of the drug relative to conventional therapies and to determine patient predictors of response. Although botulinum toxins are generally well tolerated, a patient-specific risk-benefit assessment should precede any decision to use them for unlabeled indications.     

人工食管植入术后影像学检查的实验研究

目的 探讨影像学检查方法在人工食管实验研究中的应用价值。方法 对10只植入胸段记忆合金组合式人工食管的实验动物模型术后所进行X线平片和食管造影检查结果进行观察分析研究。结果 X线平片清晰显示胸内植入记忆合金组合式人工食管植入的位置原位固定〉9个月3只；2—3月内脱管3只；〉3个月内脱管4只；管体全部滑至胃内，食管造影连续摄片显示重度新生食管狭窄3只；轻度新生食管狭窄4只，同期介入安放食管支架2只．全组仅见1只发生吻合口细小瘘。无发现其它胸内并发症。结论 ①X线检查是进行人工食管动物实验研究简单且实用的检查方法．②食管造影连续摄片检查方法可为已建立植入人工食管的猪实验动物模型术后的观察研究及介入治疗提供多方面的支持帮助。     

中药治疗不同类型崩漏患者的统计学分析

对118例崩漏患者进行中西医分型、分期及对症治疗,采用统计学分析其疗效。结果显示,临床痊愈40例,显效47例,好转23例,无效4例,总有效率为96.61%。     

椎管内原发性孤立性纤维性肿瘤临床病理观察(附2例报告)

目的探讨椎管内孤立性纤维性肿瘤的临床病理特征、诊断和鉴别诊断,以期提高对该肿瘤的诊断水平。方法复习2例椎管内原发性孤立性纤维性肿瘤的临床资料,并观察其组织学特征和免疫组化标记。结果2例患者男、女各1例,年龄分别为23岁和32岁,临床表现为局部神经压迫症状。MRI示椎管内髓外硬膜内占位。组织学特征为梭形、卵圆形细胞呈束状、波浪状或旋涡状排列,富于胶原纤维及伴有分支状薄壁血管。细胞未见异型性和核分裂像。免疫组化示瘤细胞Vimentin( ),CD34( ),CD99( ),Bcl-2( ),AACT(-),Actin(-),S-100(-),EMA(-),GFAP(-),CD68(-),CD117(-),SMA(-),NF(-)。结论椎管内原发性孤立性纤维性肿瘤是一种罕见的肿瘤,诊断主要依靠病理形态学及免疫组化,并应与椎管内的其他梭形细胞肿瘤鉴别。     

芪菖治瘫口服液对脑缺血再灌注损伤大鼠脑细胞凋亡的影响

目的观察芪菖治瘫口服液对脑缺血再灌注损伤大鼠脑细胞调亡的影响。方法利用先后夹闭大鼠双侧颈总动脉、基底动脉的方法制备大鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤模型,测定假手术对照组、模型对照组、各给药组大鼠各部位脑组织凋亡细胞数。结果各给药组凋亡细胞数均不同程度地低于模型对照组,有显著的统计差异。结论芪菖治瘫口服液具有减少细胞凋亡的作用。     

柚子提取物对小鼠肝微粒体代谢活性的影响

目的探讨几种柚子提取物对肝微粒体代谢活性的抑制效应。方法在体外小鼠肝微粒体孵育体系中加入睾丸酮和不同柚子提取物后，以高效液相色谱法（HPLC）测定6-β羟基睾丸酮的生成量。结果6—β羟基睾丸酮的线性回归方程为y=0．0904x＋0．1795，r=0．9986，x表示峰面积，y表示6-β羟基睾丸酮的含量，单位nmol／ml。4种柚子提取物A皮、C皮、A肉、C肉对6-β羟基睾丸酮生成的抑制率分别为47．9％、28．8％、82．4％和72．3％。结论几种柚子提取物较对照组对肝微粒体的代谢活性均有抑制效应，其中A肉的抑制率最大。     

A Study of Grid Artifacts Formation and Elimination in Computed Radiographic Images

Computed radiography (CR) has many advantages such as filmless operations, efficiency, and convenience. Furthermore, it is easier to integrate with the picture archiving and communication systems. Another important advantage is that CR images generally have a wider dynamic range than conventional screen film. Unfortunately, grid artifacts and moiré pattern artifacts may be present in CR images. These artifacts become a more serious problem when viewing CR images on a computer monitor when a clinic grade monitor is not available. Images produced using a grid with higher frequency or a Potter–Bucky grid (i.e., a moving grid, Bucky for short) can reduce occurrence but cannot guarantee elimination of these artifacts [CR & PACS (2000); Detrick F (2001), pp 7–8]. In this paper, the formation of the artifacts is studied. We show that the grid artifacts occur in a narrow band of frequency in the frequency domain. The frequency can be determined, accurately located, and thus removed from the frequency domain. When comparing the results obtained from the proposed method against the results obtained using previous computer methods, we show that our method can achieve better image quality.