90例小儿发热惊厥脑电图与临床预后关系

本文报告了90例发热惊厥(FC)患儿的脑电图检查结果,认为对FC患儿的脑电图检查时间应在退热至少2周后进行;FC起病年龄低者再发率高,且脑发育成熟前起病的FC患儿脑损伤轻严重;对于某些患者,引起FC的体温逐渐降低,这些患儿转为无热惊厥(癫痫)的可能性明显增高;家族史不仅会影响FC的发病倾向而且会影响FC的复发及转归。     

Expression of cytokeratins in normal and diseased livers and in primary liver carcinomas

Hepatocytes and bile duct epithelium express several types of cytokeratins, the characteristic intermediate-filament proteins of epithelial cells. The cytokeratin antigen expression was studied in normal and diseased livers, intrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas, and hepatocellular carcinomas by immunohistochemical methods using a panel of polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies to cytokeratins. Ten percent formaldehyde solution-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections obtained from ten patients without liver disease, 18 patients without liver disease, 18 patients with different stages of primary biliary cirrhosis, 14 patients with alcoholic hepatitis, ten patients with fatty liver hepatitis secondary to diabetes mellitus or morbid obesity, five patients with hepatocellular carcinomas, and five patients with cholangiocarcinomas were examined. The results suggested that hepatocytes and bile duct epithelium retain their distinct cytokeratin profiles in liver disease, including malignant transformation. Therefore, demonstration of cytokeratins in the liver is useful in establishing the cellular origin of neoplasms and understanding the pathogenesis of liver diseases.     

No direct role for Epstein-Barr virus in American hepatocellular carcinoma

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) was recently linked to hepatocellular carcinogenesis in Japanese patients. It is not clear whether EBV infection is also associated with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) occurring in American patients. We studied 41 cases of HCC from the Los Angeles area for evidence of EBV infection by in situ hybridization, immunohistochemistry, and polymerase chain reaction methods. Of 41 cases, 16 were seropositive for hepatitis B virus surface antigen (39%), 9 of 29 tested were seropositive for hepatitis C virus antibody (31%); in total, 22 cases were seropositive for hepatitis B virus and/or hepatitis C virus (53%). Of 41 cases, 1 was positive for EBV-encoded small nonpolyadenylated RNA (EBER)-1 (2%) by in situ hybridization. By immunohistochemistry, two cases were positive for EBV nuclear antigen (EBNA)-1 (5%), one was positive for the transactivating immediate early BZLF1 (ZEBRA) (2%), and none was positive for latent membrane protein-1. None of the 41 cases was positive for latent membrane protein-1 and EBV nuclear antigen (EBNA)-4 DNAs by polymerase chain reaction assay. All four positive cases showed rare EBER-1-, ZEBRA-, or EBNA-1- positive cells (<0.1%); in none of these cases was there expression of any other EBV viral genes. In the one case each that was positive for EBER-1 and ZEBRA, both of which occurred in patients of non-Asian ethnicity, the staining was limited to infiltrating small lymphocytes, and tumor cells were negative. In the two cases that were positive for EBNA-1, both of which occurred in patients of Asian ethnicity, the staining was limited to tumor cells, and infiltrating small lymphocytes were negative. Our study indicates that rare cases of American HCC may contain EBV-infected cells, but it is unlikely that EBV plays a major role in the carcinogenesis of HCC.     

Functional expression of three P2X(2) receptor splice variants from guinea pig cochlea

ATP has been suggested to act as a neurotransmitter or a neuromodulator in the cochlea. The responses to ATP in different cell types of the cochlea vary in terms of the rate of desensitization and magnitude, suggesting that there may be different subtypes of P2X receptors distributed in the cochlea. Recently three ionotropic P2X(2) receptor splice variants, P2X(2-1), P2X(2-2), and P2X(2-3,) were isolated and sequenced from a guinea pig cochlear cDNA library. To test the hypothesis that these different splice variants could be expressed as functional homomeric receptors, the three P2X(2) receptor variants were individually and transiently expressed in human embryonic kidney cells (HEK293). The biophysical and pharmacological properties of these receptors were characterized using the whole cell patch-clamp technique. Extracellular application of ATP induced an inward current in HEK293 cells containing each of the three splice variants in a dose-dependent manner indicating the expression of homomeric receptors. Current-voltage (I-V) relationships for the ATP-gated current show that the three subtypes of the P2X(2) receptor had a similar reversal potential and an inward rectification index (I(50 mV)/I(-50 mV)). However, the ATP-induced currents in cells expressing P2X(2-1) and P2X(2-2) variants were large and desensitized rapidly whereas the current in those cells expressing the P2X(2-3) variant was much smaller and desensitized slower. The order of potency to ATP agonists was 2-MeSATP > ATP > alpha,beta -MeATP for all three expressed splice variants. The ATP receptor antagonists suramin and PPADS reduced the effects of ATP on all three variants. Results demonstrate that three P2X(2) splice variants from guinea pig cochlea, P2X(2-1), P2X(2-2), and P2X(2-3), can individually form nonselective cation receptor channels when these subunits are expressed in HEK293 cells. The distinct properties of these P2X(2) receptor splice variants may contribute to the differences in the response to ATP observed in native cochlear cells.     

Analysis of the influence of therapy and viral suppression on high-risk sexual behaviour and sexually transmitted infections among patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus in Taiwan

This study examined the effects of certain characteristics of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients related to the risks of practising unprotected sex (UPS) among 919 HIV-infected patients who attended the sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinic of the Taipei City STD Control Center, Taiwan, during the period January–July 2004. After learning that they were HIV-positive, 517 (56%) subjects had practised UPS, 476 (52%) had a new STD diagnosis, and 106 (12%) had used some form of injected drug. UPS was reported by 76% of homosexual/bisexual males, 19% of heterosexual males and 5% of females, and was reported more often by those individuals with casual sexual partners (p < 0.001). According to multivariate logistic regression analyses, UPS was associated with male-tomale sexual intercourse (OR 2.46; 95% CI 1.26–4.86, p < 0.001), with casual sexual partners (OR 2.82; 95% CI 1.62–4.88, p < 0.001), and with an individual's knowledge of his/her HIV status for > 11 years (OR 2.06; 95% CI 1.02–4.18, p < 0.05). Although using anti-retroviral therapy to prevent sexual transmission of HIV is rational, the avoidance of at-risk sexual behaviour should also be a priority among HIV-seropositive individuals. Ongoing risk-reduction counselling related to HIV transmission is needed to reduce certain sexual behaviours associated with HIV transmission.     

细胞低温显微图象的计算机处理及定量分析

本文用计算机图象处理技术对细胞显微图象进行处理和定量分析,求出了细胞面积在低温保存中极其重要的参数。实验证明,计算机测量比人工精度高,误差小,同时新颖的标号去噪方法也非常有效。     

腹部良性疾病患者手术前后血清Cortisol、PRL及GH测定的临床意义

目的：探讨腹部良性疾病患者手术前后血清Cortisol、PRL、GH水平的变化,以评价不同阶段的应激情况。方法：Cortisol和PRL采用化学免疫发光法,GH采用放射免疫分析。结果：32例患者Cortisol水平在手术前24h抽血测定结果与对照组比较略有升高,但统计差异无显著性（P〉0.05）;麻醉前的血清标本测定结果则升高较为显著,与对照组比较有显著差异（P〈0.05）;术后24h的血清标本测定数值升高幅度更为明显,较对照组比较差异极为显著（P〈0.01）。PRL含量在术前24h抽血测定血清浓度也稍有上升,与对照组比较无统计学意义（P〉0.05）;上手术台后麻醉前抽取的血清标本测定结果则明显升高,与对照组比较有显著差异（P〈0.05）;术后24h的血清标本测定结果PRL水平升高更加明显（P〈0.01）。GH水平在术前24h抽血测定时与上述2项指标的情况基本相同;其余麻醉前和手术后24h的2次血标本测定统计情况亦与上2种指标大致相同（P〈0.05,P〈0.01）。结论：本文患者三项血清指标的变化证实患者存在明显的应激反应;如这种反应过度,则提醒临床应对患者实施必要的处理。     

Three-dimensional modeling of the anatomy of the heart and great vessels

Summary The anatomic constraints imposed on a total artificial heart (TAH) require specific anatomic studies. A thoracic anatomic study was performed with a scanning device equipped with three-dimensional (3-D) reconstruction software on 15 male patients, between the ages of 41 to 63 years (52 ± 6 years). All were candidates for heart transplantation. The 3-D reconstructions of the cardiovascular structures obtained from surgical anatomy data specific to TAH implantation allowed a volumetric measurement of these structures. A modeling diagram of these structures permitted reproducible quantitative measurements of the 35 geometrical parameters which characterized shape, orientation, and position of these structures within the thorax. Most of the measured parameters were characterized by low variability (coefficient of variation from 10 to 25%).

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Modélisation tridimensionnelle de l'anatomie du cur et des gros vaisseaux

Résumé Les contraintes anatomiques imposées au cur artificiel total (CAT) nécessitent des études anatomiques spécifiques. Une étude anatomique thoracique a été réalisée avec un scanner doté d'un logiciel de reconstruction tridimensionnelle (3-D) chez 15 patients, tous de sexe masculin, agés de 41 à 63 ans (52 ± 6 ans), et candidats à une transplantation cardiaque. Les reconstructions 3-D des structures cardio-vasculaires réalisées selon les données de l'anatomie chirurgicale propre à l'implantation du CAT ont permis la mesure volumétrique de ces structures. Un schéma de modélisation de ces structures a permis des mesures quantitatives reproductibles de 35 paramètres géométriques caractéristiques de la forme, de l'orientation, de la position de ces structures dans le thorax. Les résultats de ces mesures ont pu être exprimés en termes statistiques. La plupart des paramètres mesurés étaient caractérisés par une faible variabilité (coefficients de variations de 10 à 25%).

     

耳穴静态电测量中的瞬变响应

耳穴电参数时变关系实验表明，在测量起始ｔ＜２τ时，因瞬变作用，电位Ｅ（ｔ）和压降Ｕ（ｔ）为瞬态响应，响应函数呈指数关系，特征参数为弛豫时间τ，τ≈ＲＣ；ｔ＞２τ时，为时变间期。电路分析给出数学描述，并与耳穴和模拟实验结果较相符。提示，时变特征应以ｔ＞２τ后提取，静态电测量时，采样应避开瞬变期，可提高准确性。该工作对正确鉴别时变性和特征提取，全面认识耳穴电特性具有重要意义。