89例股骨粗隆周围骨折治疗结果分析

目的:研究股骨粗隆周围各种类型骨折的内固定方法,探讨动力髋螺钉(DHS)、动力髁螺钉(DCS)、粗隆支持钢板(TSP)治疗股骨粗隆周围各种类型骨折的手术适应证。方法:整理从1 998年1月至2 0 0 4年6月应用DHS、DCS、TSP治疗股骨粗隆周围骨折临床资料完整的病例共89例,其中男49例,女40例,平均年龄65岁。结果:89例患者术后有1例手术失败(螺钉断裂) ,3例内固定失败,1例术后伤口感染,其他84例疗效理想,功能恢复满意。DHS对A3型粗隆周围骨折内固定不可靠,1例内固定失败;按黄公怡髋关节功能评定标准优良84例,尚可4例,差1例。结论:对A1、A2 .1、A2 .2型骨折用DHS内固定是非常有效的,对A2 .3型用DHS加TSP内固定较为满意,对A3型用DCS内固定疗效较为可靠     

直肠注射醋酸致内脏高敏感大鼠TNF-αmRNA表达的变化

目的：通过对直肠注射醋酸致内脏高敏感大鼠模型中TNF-αmRNA表达的变化的研究，探讨内脏敏感性与TNF-α mRNA的表达的关系。方法：取8～21天的SD大鼠，试验组每天直肠注射0．6％的冰醋酸0．3～0．5ml，对照组给予同样剂量的生理盐水。出生后第7周进行直肠扩张，评估腹部回缩反射（AWR）得分，并取降结肠组织行HE染色、提取RNA，以β-actin为管家基因进行Real-TimePCR，对TNF—αmRNA进行相对定量，了解TNF-αmRNA在两组大鼠的表达情况。结果：与对照组相比，试验组大鼠在各容量直肠扩张时，AWR评分升高，有显著性差异，TNF-αmRNA显著性升高。结论：新生期直肠醋酸刺激可以引起成年后的大鼠内脏敏感性升高，成年后大鼠降结肠病理学检查无明显炎症，符合IBS的特征。其降结肠组织中TNF-αmRNA的表达增多，而内脏敏感性的升高可能与TNF-αmRNA的表达增多相关。     

银杏叶提取物对小鼠脑缺血能量代谢的影响

通过测定断头小鼠脑中腺苷三磷酸、磷酸肌酸及乳酸含量，观察银杏叶提取物对脑缺血能量代谢的影响。结果表明，小鼠断头３０ｓ后，脑ＡＴＰ，ＰＣ含量明显下降，ＬＡ含量显著增加；口服银杏叶的取物能减轻小鼠脑缺血对ＡＴＰ、ＰＣ的减及及ＬＡ的增加。提示银杏叶提取物可减少脑缺血时脑组织耗能。     

Methods for monitoring cancer cell pyroptosis

Pyroptosis is a form of proinflammatory cell death that depends on the gasdermin family of proteins. The main features of pyroptosis are altered membrane permeability, cell swelling, membrane rupture, and the ability to mobilize a strong immune response. The relationship between pyroptosis and cancer has become a popular topic in immunological research. Multiple strategies for inducing pyroptosis in cancer cells have been developed for cancer therapy, including chemotherapy, small molecule drugs, and nanomedicines. In this review, we systematically discuss recent advances in research on the mechanisms of pyroptosis, and compare pyroptosis with apoptosis and necroptosis from several aspects. The development of various experimental systems has accompanied rapid progress in this field, but little consensus on monitoring pyroptosis is currently available. We focus on techniques commonly used to monitor pyroptosis, and describe future techniques that may be used to increase our knowledge in this field. Overall, the advancement of pyroptosis detection methods will help researchers to better investigate the relationships between pyroptosis and various cancers, and should provide insights into the use of these promising tools for cancer treatments.     

Identification of a novel ene reductase from Pichia angusta with potential application in (R)-levodione production

Asymmetric reduction of electronically activated alkenes by ene reductases (ERs) is an attractive approach for the production of enantiopure chiral products. Herein, a novel FMN-binding ene reductase (PaER) from Pichia angusta was heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3), and the recombinant enzyme was characterized for its biocatalytic properties. PaER displayed optimal activity at 40 °C and pH 7.5, respectively. The purified enzyme was quite stable below 30 °C over a broad pH range of 5.0–10.0. PaER was identified to have a good ability to reduce the C C bond of various α,β-unsaturated compounds in the presence of NADPH. In addition, PaER exhibited a high reduction rate (k_cat = 3.57 s⁻¹) and an excellent stereoselectivity (>99%) for ketoisophorone. Engineered E. coli cells harboring PaER and glucose dehydrogenase (for cofactor regeneration) were employed as biocatalysts for the asymmetric reduction of ketoisophorone. As a result, up to 1000 mM ketoisophorone was completely and enantioselectively converted to (R)-levodione with a >99% ee value in a space–time yield of 460.7 g L⁻¹ d⁻¹. This study provides a great potential biocatalyst for practical synthesis of (R)-levodione.

Asymmetric reduction of electronically activated alkenes by ene reductases (ERs) is an attractive approach for the production of enantiopure chiral products.     

ICL-V4c植入术治疗超高度近视临床效果

目的：:观察新型中央孔型后房型人工晶状体（ICL-V4c）植入术治疗-10 D以上超高度近视的安全性和有效性,并探讨视力提高情况（△LogMAR）与术前球镜度（SD）之间的关系。方法：:回顾性研究。选取2016年12月至2020年1月于北京同仁医院行ICL-V4c植入术治疗超高度近视患者802例（1 380眼）,术前S...     

Effect of immune checkpoint inhibitors in patients with gastric hepatoid adenocarcinoma: a case report and literature review

Gastric hepatoid adenocarcinoma (GHAC) is a highly aggressive histological subtype of gastric cancer (GC) with similar tissue morphology to hepatocellular carcinoma. GHAC frequently produces alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and has a poor prognosis; however, standardized treatment remains elusive. We report a male patient in his early 60s with GHAC who received immunotherapy, and the curative effect was evaluated. He was admitted because of progressive fatigue and dizziness for 2 months. He had experienced spontaneous epigastric pain with muscular defense of the epigastrium and accompanying tenderness 1 year earlier and underwent radical gastrectomy. Immunohistochemistry showed that hepatocyte-specific marker (Hep) was highly-expressed, indicating probable GHAC. Additionally, imaging suggested GC recurrence or gastric stump cancer. Radioimmunoassay indicated an AFP level of >1210.00 µg/L, and liver biopsy was performed following abdominal contrast-enhanced computed tomography. Pathology showed a few hepatocytes and proliferative fibrous connective tissue. The patient received three cycles of chemotherapy, with no obvious improvement. The possibility of surgical treatment was excluded, and immunotherapy or palliative treatment was selected. He received 11 cycles of a programed death-1 (PD-1) monoclonal antibody, and the effect of treatment was satisfactory. The mechanism of action of immunotherapy in GHAC warrants further investigation.     

神经酰胺参与II型CD20抗体诱导的细胞程序性死亡

目的：探讨II型CD20抗体诱导靶细胞程序性死亡的机制,为制备具有较强肿瘤杀伤能力的新型CD20抗体提供理论依据。方法：将淋巴瘤细胞Raji分别与 I型CD20抗体利妥昔单抗(Rituximab)和II型CD20抗体托西莫单抗(Tositumomab)孵育后,采用磷脂酰丝氨酸V(annexin V)和碘化丙啶(propidium iodide,PI)双染,流式细胞仪比较两种抗体处理后程序性死亡细胞所占比例;在CD20抗体处理前,用工作浓度的caspase抑制剂Z-VAD-FMK (carbobenzoxy-valyl-alanyl-aspartyl-[O-methyl]-fluoromethylketone)或伏马毒素(fumonisin B1,FB1)预处理Raji细胞,并采用流式细胞仪比较预处理组与未预处理组淋巴瘤细胞程序性死亡所占的比例。收集CD20抗体处理过的Raji细胞,应用高效液相色谱法检测不同的CD20抗体处理组间淋巴瘤细胞内神经酰胺(ceramide)的水平,并用相同方法检测FB1对Tositumomab引起淋巴瘤细胞内ceramide水平变化的抑制作用。用不同浓度的C2-ceramide与淋巴瘤细胞进行孵育,16h后用annexin V & PI双染检测其诱导靶细胞程序性死亡的能力。结果：10 µg/mL的I型抗体Rituximab几乎不能诱导Raji细胞的程序性死亡,而相同浓度的II型CD20抗体Tositumomab能够诱导(28.6±4.2)%的Raji细胞产生程序性死亡,两者差异有统计学意义(t=26.48,P<0.01),这种程序性死亡不能被caspase抑制剂Z-VAD-FMK所抑制(F=3.01,P>0.05)。Tositumomab处理后能够引起Raji细胞内ceramide水平的升高(t=28.48,P<0.01),且5~40 µmol/L的C2-ceramide能够通过剂量依赖性的关系诱导Raji细胞的程序性死亡(F=2.71,P>0.05)。Ceramide合成的FB1可以显著抑制Tositumomab引起的Raji细胞内ceramide水平的升高(F=20.18,P<0.01),进而显著抑制Tositumomab介导的程序性死亡(F=17.02,P<0.01)。结论：II型CD20抗体Tositumomab而非I型CD20抗体Rituximab可以通过介导靶细胞内ceramide水平的升高,诱导靶细胞的程序性死亡,这种程序性死亡与经典的caspase通路无关。     

人胚胎海马神经干细胞体外培养方法的建立

为建立人胚胎海马神经干细胞的体外培养方法 ,防止神经干细胞在培养过程中的分化 ,确立最佳的传代时机和方法 ,分离 1 6周人胚海马组织 ,采用无血清培养基对所分离的神经干细胞进行体外培养 ,比较不同培养条件与方法所获得的神经球数量的差异。结果 :建立了人胚胎海马神经干细胞体外培养的优化条件 ,确立了最佳传代方法与时机。提示 :人胚胎海马神经干细胞在体外抑制分化的条件下可以长期处于未分化状态增生 ,并且可多次传代。     

Allele loss on chromosome 9q22.2-22.3 in sporadic basal cell carcinoma in Chinese

ＯｂｊｅｃｔｉｖｅＴｏｉｎｖｅｓｔｉｇａｔｅｔｈｅｒｏｌｅｏｆａｌｅｌｅｌｏｓｓｏｎｃｈｒｏｍｏｓｏｍｅ９ｉｎｔｈｅｐａｔｈｏｇｅｎｅｓｉｓｏｆｂａｓａｌｃｅｌｃａｒｃｉｎｏｍａ（ＢＣＣ）ｂｙｅｘａｍｉｎｉｎｇｔｈｅｌｏｓｓｏｆｈｅｔｅｒｏｚｙｇｏｓ...