中药饮片质量标准研究中的几个关键问题

中药饮片质量标准是中药炮制研究的重要内容,也是整个中药标准化体系的关键环节。尽管中药饮片有了国家标准,但是中药饮片标准化水平仍然处于较低水平。在中药饮片质量标准研究中,还存在一些实际问题需要我们加以重视和思考。本文结合作者长期的研究和生产实践,提出在中药饮片质量标准研究中要更加注重和传统炮制理论、炮制机理研究与药效物质研究的结合,努力构建更加全面、科学、合理的中药饮片质量标准。     

戊二酰辅酶A脱氢酶基因沉默及高浓度赖氨酸对BRL肝细胞活性的影响

目的探讨戊二酰辅酶A脱氢酶(GCDH)基因沉默和赖氨酸代谢物蓄积对肝细胞活性的影响。方法将BRL肝细胞分为正常对照组、阴性对照组和GCDH沉默组。构建含靶向沉默GCDH基因的sh RNA慢病毒载体,分别用该病毒和阴性对照病毒感染GCDH沉默组和阴性对照组BRL肝细胞。感染后细胞再用含5 mmol/L赖氨酸培养基培养。免疫荧光技术检测慢病毒感染效率;Western blot法检测GCDH蛋白表达水平;MTT法检测细胞活性,Hoechest 33342染色检测细胞凋亡,Western blot法检测细胞凋亡的经典指标Caspase3水平。结果构建的慢病毒可有效沉默肝细胞GCDH表达(P0.01)。MTT及Hoechest 33342染色检测各组间细胞活性及细胞凋亡比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。Caspase3蛋白表达在各组间比较差异亦无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 GCDH基因沉默和赖氨酸代谢物蓄积对肝细胞无明显损伤作用。     

多焦点人工晶状体的临床应用研究

目的　探讨多焦点人工晶状体 (MIOL)在白内障治疗中的作用。方法　在小切口超声乳化白内障吸除术中 ,30例 (36只眼 )白内障患者植入MIOL(试验组 ) ,32例 (40只眼 )白内障患者植入单焦点人工晶状体 (SIOL) (对照组 )。观察患者的术后视力、焦距深度、角膜散光度数、对比敏感度和眩光敏感度、手术并发症及视觉不良症状 ,随访时间 6 0～ 18 0个月。结果　术后 6个月裸眼近视力≥ 0 5者试验组占 80 6 % (2 9/36 ) ,对照组占 2 5 0 % (10 /4 0 ) ,两组比较差异有显著意义 (P <0 0 5 ) ;矫正近视力和远视力、裸眼远视力两组比较 ,差异均无显著意义 (P >0 0 5 )。在 1 0 0～ - 1 0 0D调节范围内 ,视力≥ 0 5者试验组占 97 2 % (35 /36 ) ,对照组占 97 5 % (39/4 0 ) ,差异无显著意义 (P >0 0 5 ) ;在 - 1 5 0D和 - 2 5 0～ - 3 5 0D调节范围内 ,视力≥ 0 5者试验组 [97 2 % (35 /36 )、88 9% (32 /36 ) ]明显多于对照组 [0 0 % (0 /4 0 )、0 0 % (0 /4 0 ) ](P <0 0 5 )。在视力≥ 0 5的术眼中 ,焦距深度试验组为4 5 0D ,对照组为 2 0 0D。术后 1周、1个月、3个月、6个月两组角膜散光度数与术前比较 ,差异均无显著意义 (P >0 0 5 )。低频段对比敏感度和眩光敏感度试验组 (2 8 4 9± 6 4 5和     

乳兔雪旺细胞对成兔视神经挫伤修复的作用

目的 研究乳兔雪旺细胞(Schwann cell,SC)对成兔视神经挫伤修复的作用。 方法 建立成兔视神经挫伤模型,伤后24 h分别向伤眼玻璃体腔内注入SC悬液(A组)、生理盐水(B组)各0.1 ml。伤后不同时间点进行视网膜节细胞(retinal ganglion cell,RGC)、轴突染色记数及闪光视觉诱发电位(flash visual evoked potentials,FVEP)检测。 结果 伤后4周A、B组RGC平均记数分别为(19.89±3.79) /mm和(12.67±4.12) /mm,轴突密度分别为(94.569±793) /mm ²和(36.085±285) /mm²,A组明显高于B组(P<0.01)。伤后3 d A组伤眼与健眼FVEP幅值比由48%上升至88%,8周时仍为78%,各时间点均明显高于B组(P＜0.01)。 结论 乳兔SC能够提高成兔视神经挫伤后RGC存活率,减轻轴突变性,显著促进视神经功能恢复,对视神经挫伤修复具有明显的促进作用。(中华眼底病杂志,2000,16:91-93)      

Comparison of posterior capsule folds following intracapsular implantation of three types of intraocular lenses with different haptic design

AIM: To compare the incidence of posterior capsule folds among different types of intraocular lens (IOL) to determine risk factors of posterior capsule folds. METHODS: It was a retrospective study. We collected the cases in which the patients underwent phacoemulsification (PHACO) and IOL implantation and at least one of the three types of IOL was implanted, including 2-haptic 3-piece IOLs (HOYA PY60AD), 4-haptic 1-piece IOLs (Bausch&Lomb AO), 2-haptic 1-piece IOLs (AMO Tecnis ZCB00). The posterior capsule folds were measured using slit lamp microscope 2d after the surgery. Information of patient’s age, gender, length of ocular axis, intraocular pressure, types of IOL were recorded. Posterior capsule fold risk indicators were identified by using logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: One hundred eighty-seven patients (242 eyes) had been collected, including 80 eyes implanted with HOYA PY60AD IOLs, 81 eyes implanted with Bausch&Lomb AO IOLs, 81 eyes implanted with AMO Tecnis ZCB00 IOLs. The incidence of posterior capsule folds of patients implanted with HOYA PY60AD IOLs was significantly higher than those of patients implanted with AMO Tecnis ZCB00 IOLs. While the incidence of patients implanted with Bausch&Lomb AO IOLs was significantly lower than those of patients implanted with AMO Tecnis ZCB00 IOLs. Multi-factor logistics regression analysis demonstrated that independent risk factors were type of IOLs and length of ocular axis. Compared with AMO Tecnis ZCB00 IOLs, using HOYA PY60AD IOLs increased the risk of posterior capsule folds [P=0.020, OR (95%CI)=2.145 (1.129, 4.073)], while using Bausch&Lomb AO IOLs reduced the risk [P=0.001, OR (95%CI)=0.274 (0.127, 0.591)]. Shorter ocular axis might increase the risk of posterior capsule folds [P=0.012, OR (95%CI)=0.669 (0.489, 0.915)]. CONCLUSION: Haptic design should be an important consideration in IOL design. Compared with AMO Tecnis ZCB00 IOLs, using HOYA PY60AD IOLs is more likely to lead to posterior capsule folds formation, while using Bausch&Lomb AO IOLs is less likely to lead the formation. The posterior capsule folds are more engendered in eyes with shorter ocular axis.     

Silencing of Nesprin‐2 inhibits the differentiation of myofibroblasts from fibroblasts induced by mechanical stretch

Mechanical force plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of hypertrophic scar (HTS). Dermal fibroblasts and myofibroblasts are the key cells involved in HTS. Myofibroblasts in HTS possess different biochemical and biophysical characteristics by which myofibroblasts are often distinguished from fibroblasts. The role of mechanotransducers outside the nucleus in the pathogenesis of HTS has been reported in many studies. However, the role of Nesprin‐2 in HTS is not clear. Hence, we aim to construct a cell model of HTS and explore the role of Nesprin‐2 in this process. Myofibroblasts and fibroblasts were isolated from HTS and healthy skin tissues of the same patient. Fibroblasts were exposed to cyclic stretch with 10% magnitude and a frequency of 0.1 Hz for 3 days, 5 days, and 7 days, respectively. After the cell model was confirmed, fibroblasts transfected with siRNA targeting human Nesprin‐2 were exposed to cyclic stretch. The mechanical behaviour and biochemical reaction of the dermal fibroblasts were analysed. The stretched fibroblasts at day 5 showed the same mechanotransductive and biochemical features as unstretched myofibroblasts. Mechanical strain could induce the myofibroblasts differentiation and a cell model of HTS was established successfully at day 5. The expressions of lamin A/C, alpha‐smooth muscle actin, transforming growth factor beta 1, and collagen type I in fibroblasts were reduced by the silencing of Nesprin‐2. Mechanical strain could induce the myofibroblasts differentiation and silencing of Nesprin‐2 could block the mechanical stimulation of terminal myofibroblasts differentiation. Nesprin‐2 might be a potential target to treat the HTS.     

热环境对机体功能影响的机制及防护研究进展

热环境增加高温作业人员发生热损伤的风险,充分认识热环境对高温作业人员机体的影响和危害,对提高高温作业人员防暑意识、减少作业时的职业性热损伤具有重要意义.笔者主要从热环境的定义、热环境对人体主要功能系统影响的机制、热应激的影响因素及防护研究进展进行综述,为高温作业人员对热致疾病的认识及防护提供参考.     

Fatigue Cracking Evolution and Model of Cold Recycled Asphalt Mixtures during Different Curing Times

This paper aims to investigate the fatigue cracking evolution of cold recycled asphalt mixtures with asphalt emulsion (CRME) under different curing times. The fatigue cracking model of CRME based on damage mechanics and fracture mechanics was analyzed according to the fatigue loading curve. Firstly, the fatigue cracking evolution of CRME was studied through an SCB strength test and SCB fatigue test. Then, the fatigue damage mechanics were used to establish a nonlinear fatigue cracking model, and the damage degree of CRME at the initial cracking point was determined. The Paris formula was used to characterize the law of fatigue crack propagation. Finally, the microstructure of CRME was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with the backscattering method. The results indicate that the initial cracking point appears at around 60% of the fatigue life according to the SCB fatigue test by means of image analysis. The damage variable was obtained through the cracking model, and the value of the damage variable was determined as 0.06–0.17 at the initial cracking point. In addition, the Paris formula showed that the crack growth of CRME can be reflected by the stress intensity factor and correlative parameters. Moreover, cement hydration products were mixed with the asphalt membrane to form a denser spatial structure during the curing process, which may provide higher fatigue performance of CRME. This research may provide a theoretical reference for studying the fatigue cracking behavior of CRME.     

抑郁障碍患者主观与客观认知功能的差异性研究

背景 抑郁障碍患者的主观认知功能与客观认知功能存在差异。目前,关于主客观认知功能差异影响因素的研究有限。目的 探索抑郁障碍患者主观和客观认知功能的差异及其影响因素,为进一步理解抑郁障碍患者认知功能受损情况提供参考。方法 纳入2022年1月13日—2023年12月11日在成都市第四人民医院门诊就诊或住院治疗的、符合《精神障碍诊断与统计手册（第5版）》（DSM-5）抑郁障碍诊断标准的77例患者为研究对象。采用蒙哥马利-艾森贝格抑郁量表（MADRS）评定患者抑郁症状严重程度,采用抑郁感知缺陷问卷（PDQ-D）和中国简版神经认知成套测验（C-BCT）分别评定患者的主观认知功能和客观认知功能,采用席汉残疾量表（SDS）评定患者的社会功能,以临床总体印象量表-疾病严重程度量表（CGI-SI）评定患者病情严重程度。采用Pearson相关分析考查年龄、受教育年限、MADRS总评分、SDS总评分、CGI-SI评分与主客观认知功能及其差异的相关性。采用多元线性回归探索主客观认知功能差异的影响因素。结果 是否用药的抑郁障碍患者PDQ-D总评分和主客观认知功能差异（D值）比较差异均有统计学意义（t=-4.2...