肺癌中p53和p63 蛋白表达的高通量组织微阵研究

目的探讨p53和p63蛋白在肺癌中的表达及意义,并比较两者之间的表达关系.方法组织微阵(tissue microarray,TMA)技术和免疫组化S-P方法(immunohistochemistry,IHC).结果p53蛋白IHC染色中,TMA有价值的肿瘤标本为234(72.9%),总的表达率(+、++、+++)率为48.3%(113/234).随着肺鳞状细胞癌(squamous cell carcinoma,SCC)和腺癌(adenocarcinoma,Ad)分级升高,p53蛋白表达增强,与肺SCC及Ad病理分级有明显相关性(P＜0.05).p53蛋白表达与生存期呈明显负相关性(P＜0.05).p53蛋白表达与病理分型和临床分期等无明显相关性(P＞0.05).p53蛋白表达在肺癌原发肿瘤和转移淋巴结之间无明显差异(P＞0.05).p63蛋白IHC染色中,TMA有价值的肿瘤标本为264(82.2%),总的表达率(+、++、+++)为67.8%(179/264).p63蛋白在小细胞肺癌(small cell lung carcinoma,SCLC)表达最低16.0%(4/25),非小细胞肺癌(non-small cell lung carcinoma,NSCLC)与SCLC之间表达存在明显差异(P＜0.05).p63蛋白表达与病理组织分级、临床分期、生存期等无明显相关性(P＞0.05).p63蛋白表达在肺癌原发肿瘤和转移淋巴结之间无明显差异(P＞0.05).结论1.p53是肺癌的独立预后指标;2.p63蛋白在肺癌的不同病理类型的不同表达,说明肺癌的不同病理类型分子机理有所不同;3.p53蛋白和p63蛋白表达之间无明显相关性;4.TMA可以有效分析比较组织中肿瘤标记物的表达情况.     

15例甲状腺间变癌临床病理及免疫组化分析

[目的]探讨甲状腺间变癌的临床病理特征和免疫组化结果的意义。[方法]光镜观察和免疫组织化学SP法检测15例甲状腺间变癌。[结果]甲状腺间变癌的病理分型为梭形细胞型、巨细胞型和混合细胞型。15例中免疫组化阳性表达率分别是：Vimentin86．6％(13／15)、CK73．3％(11/15)、CEA60．0％(9／15），CD68 6．6％(1/15)；TG和降钙素均为阴性。2例伴有乳头状癌其中Vimentin和CK均阳性；1例伴破骨样巨细胞CD68阳性。[结论]甲状腺间变癌是上皮源性、恶性度高的肿瘤。熟悉其形态特征．结合免疫组化对诊断甲状腺间变癌具有重要意义。     

宫颈肿瘤大小在Ⅰb ～Ⅱ期宫颈癌中的临床意义

[目的]探讨宫颈肿瘤大小的临床意义。[方法]自1992年1月至1997年12月收治手术治疗的Ⅰb～Ⅱ期(FIGO分期)宫颈癌患者398例,将其中302例有完整资料的患者根据宫颈肿瘤的最大横径分为<4cm组和≥4cm两组,分析了两组患者的生理病理因素、失败模式及其预后,并采用COX模型进行多因素生存分析。[结果]与<4cm组比较,≥4cm组中分期较晚,淋巴结转移,高位淋巴结转移及宫颈深肌层浸润的比例更高。宫颈大肿瘤组(≥4cm组)的单纯盆腔复发率(22.0%)高于<4cm组(7.6%)。宫颈大肿瘤组(≥4cm组)的5年生存率(59.29%)明显低于<4cm组(82.15%,P<0.01)。多因素生存分析显示宫颈局部肿瘤大小,淋巴结转移,阴道残端,肌层浸润深度及组织学类型是影响预后最重要的因素(P<0.05)。[结论]宫颈肿瘤≥4cm的患者更易发生深肌层浸润和盆腔淋巴结转移,盆腔复发率高,预后差。     

EXPRESSION OF p16,CYCLIN D1 AND RB PROTEIN IN GASTRIC CARCINOMA AND PREMALIGNANT LESIONS

Gastric carcinoma is one of the most serious diseases in mankind. Its pathogenesis has not been understood very clearly. Recent researches suggested that oncogenes (such as cyclin D1), antioncogenes (ie., p16, Rb) and cell cycle played an important role in the pathogenesis of gastric carcinoma. But there are few reports about the relationship between these genes in gastric carcinoma and gastric premalignant lesions. In this study, we will discuss these problems. MATERIALS AND METHO…     

Val158Met Polymorphism in catechol-O-methyltransferase gene associated with risk factors for breast cancer.

Extensive mammographic density is heritable, strongly associated with increased breast cancer risk, and is influenced by sex hormone exposure. In a cross-sectional study of 181 pre- and 171 postmenopausal women without breast cancer, we examined the relationship of a functional polymorphism in catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT; VAL-->MET) to mammographic density and other risk factors for breast cancer. We hypothesized that individuals who inherited the low-activity form of COMT (COMT*2 allele) would have higher levels of breast density, presumably because of reduced inactivation/detoxification of catecholestrogens. Subjects were recruited across five categories of breast density. Risk factor information, anthropometric measures, and blood samples were obtained; sex hormone and growth factor levels were measured, and COMT genotypes determined. Mammograms were digitized and measured using a computer-assisted method. After adjustment for age and ethnicity, among pre- but not postmenopausal subjects, each low-activity COMT*2 allele was associated with lower levels of percentage breast density. The statistical significance of this association was lost after further adjustment for serum growth factors [growth hormone, insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), and insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3)], hormones [follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and progesterone], and body size (body mass index and waist:hip ratio). The low-activity COMT*2 allele was also associated, after adjustment for age and ethnicity in premenopausal women, with lower serum levels of IGF-1, higher levels of FSH and progesterone, and with a larger waist:hip ratio, body mass index, and subscapular skinfold. After adjustment for body size, the associations of genotype with IGFBP-3 and FSH were no longer significant. These findings indicate that COMT genotype is associated with several risk factors for breast cancer and suggest that the low-activity COMT*2 allele is associated with a reduced risk of breast cancer among premenopausal women.     

恙虫病并发中毒性肝炎40例临床分析

目的探讨恙虫病并发中毒性肝炎的临床特点。方法按诊断标准选择病例进行临床分析。结果本组除了具有恙虫病特征性的临床表现外，同时出现黄疸占25％(总胆红素平均164μmol/L)，出血点和瘀斑占15％，肝大占76％，脾大占63％。ALT和AST升高，平均分别为295U/L和240U/L。使用特效抗茵药物和护肝退黄治疗有良效。结论恙虫病并发中毒性肝炎较常见，少数可出现严重的肝功能损害。     

消化道出血的介入治疗

目的　评价消化道出血的介入治疗的疗效。方法　对 4 4例消化道出血进行血管造影检查 ,对有阳性发现的病例行栓塞治疗或药物灌注治疗。结果　 4 4例消化道出血病人者完全止血 2 5例 (5 6 8% ) ,止血不彻底 14例 (31 8% ) ,复发 5例 (11 3% ) ;疾病组治疗NO、ET 1的含量均高于正常对照组 (P <0 0 5 ) ,治疗后均低于治疗 (P <0 0 5 ) ;肠系膜上动脉栓塞的并发症发生率为 15 5 %。结论　消化道出血病人介入治疗有较好的临床价值。     

维肝福泰片中人参皂苷Rg1的HPLC测定

目的: 建立维肝福泰片中人参皂苷Rg1的含量测定方法.方法: HPLC法,流动相:乙腈-0.4%磷酸溶液(20.5∶79.5)为流动相;检测波长为203 nm;柱温40 ℃.结果: 人参皂苷Rg1线性范围为0.32～3.82 μg,平均回收率99.1%,RSD为2.4%.结论: 方法可靠,简单可行,为控制维肝福泰片的内在质量提供了科学依据.     

检测CYP2A6基因多态性的PCR技术的基因型方法

综述检测CYP2A6基因多态性的PCR技术的基因型方法。CYP2A6基因多态性存在于白种人、东方人及非洲裔美国人群中 ,包括CYP2A6 1至CYP2A6 12 ,总共 12个变异等位基因。本文列举了检测CYP2A6基因型的不同的DNA来源、引物和限制性内切酶。已开发PCR技术结合诊断性限制性内切酶分析 (RFLP)如两步PCR和一步PCR RFLP方法检测CYP2A6基因型。此外 ,尚有PCR SSCP +RFLP及直接DNA测序方法。     

高效液相色谱—电喷雾质谱法同时测定人血浆中咖啡因、咪哒唑仑和代谢产物及其在药物代谢研究中的应用

目的:建立高效液相色谱-电喷雾质谱法同时测定人体血浆中咖啡因及代谢物1,7-二甲基黄嘌呤、咪哒唑仑及代谢产物1-羟咪哒唑仑。并将它应用于中药止咳橘红颗粒对CYP3A4和CYP1A2抑制作用的研究。方法:血浆样品先经液-液萃取纯化浓缩后,以ODS-C18为固定相,甲醇-0.01％甲酸不同比例为梯度洗脱流动相,内标物为阿普唑仑。经HPLC分离后的化合物在电喷雾离子源中被电离,电离后以选择离子方式检测各化合物的分子离子峰,以峰的保留时间及质荷比进行定性,以峰面积进行定量。结果:咖啡因、1,7-二甲基黄嘌呤、咪哒唑仑、1-羟咪哒唑仑分别在50～5000 ng·mL-1(r=0.9971),22.4～2240 ng·mL-1(r=0.9982),1.23～123 ng·mL-1(r=0.9997),0.84～84 ng·mL-1(r=0.9983)的范围内呈良好的线性关系。4种化合物的平均回收率均大于90％,日内及日间RSD均小于10％。结论:此方法简便,快速,灵敏,可同时测定人体血浆中咖啡因、咪哒唑仑及各自的主要代谢产物。