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51.
Sébastien Boutin Michael Weitnauer Selina Hassel Simon Y. Graeber Mirjam Stahl A. Susanne Dittrich Marcus A. Mall Alexander H. Dalpke 《Journal of cystic fibrosis》2018,17(3):348-355
Background
Chronic airway infection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a major risk factor of progression of lung disease in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). Chronic P. aeruginosa infection evolves from intermittent infection that is amenable to antibiotic eradication, whereas chronically adapted P. aeruginosa becomes resistant to antibiotic therapy. Discrimination of intermittent versus chronic infection is therefore of high therapeutic relevance, yet the available diagnostic methods are only partly satisfactory. The aim of the present study was, therefore, to evaluate the usage of quantitative PCR (qPCR) to measure pathogen abundance and to discriminate between intermittent and chronic Pseudomonas infection in patients with CF.Method
Using an established qPCR protocol, we analyzed the abundance of P. aeruginosa in 141 throats swabs and 238 sputa from CF patients with intermittent or chronic infection with P. aeruginosa, as determined by standard culture based diagnostics.Results
We observed a large increase of abundance of P. aeruginosa in throat swabs and sputum samples from patients with chronic compared to intermittent infections with P. aeruginosa. The data show that abundance of P. aeruginosa as measured by qPCR is a valuable tool to discriminate intermittent from chronic infection. Of note, P. aeruginosa burden seems more sensitive than mucoidity phenotype to discriminate chronic from intermittent strains. Furthermore we observed that molecular detection in throat swabs was linked to a viable culture in the sputum when sputum was available. This result is of special interest in young patients with cystic fibrosis that often cannot expectorate sputum. We also observed that qPCR in comparison to culture detected the infection earlier.Conclusion
The results suggest that qPCR detection and quantification of P. aeruginosa is a precious tool to be added to the diagnostic toolbox in cystic fibrosis. 相似文献52.
J.?BranchereauEmail author M.?O.?Timsit Y.?Neuzillet T.?Bessède R.?Thuret M.?Gigante X.?Tillou R.?Codas J.?Boutin A.?Doerfler F.?Sallusto T.?Culty V.?Delaporte N.?Brichart B.?Barrou L.?Salomon G.?Karam J.?Rigaud L.?Badet F.?Kleinklauss 《World journal of urology》2018,36(1):105-109
Purpose
Urolithiasis is rare among renal transplant recipients and its management has not been clearly defined.Methods
This multicentre retrospective study was organised by the Comité de Transplantation de l’Association Française d’Urologie (French Urology Association transplantation committee). Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS 19 software.Results
Ninety-five patients were included in this study. Renal transplant urolithiasis was an incidental finding in 55% of cases, mostly on a routine follow-up ultrasound examination. One half of symptomatic stones were due to urinary tract infection and the other half were due to an episode of acute renal failure. The initial management following diagnosis of urolithiasis was double J stenting (27%), nephrostomy tube placement (21%), or watchful waiting (52%). Definitive management consisted of: watchful waiting (48%), extracorporeal lithotripsy (13%), rigid or flexible ureteroscopy (26%), percutaneous nephrolithotomy (11%) and surgical pyelotomy (2%). All transplants remained functional following treatment of the stone. The main limitation is the retrospective design.Conclusions
The incidence of lithiasis could be higher in kidney transplanted patients due to a possible anatomical or metabolical abnormalities. The therapeutic management of renal transplant urolithiasis appears to be comparable to that of native kidney urolithiasis.53.
What do we do with a stress level that is high in many areas of our life? How do nurses cope without becoming ill themselves? We look at the literature for documented causes of the stress that seems to pervade the workplace and for strategies that will help us to function as healthy human beings. 相似文献
54.
Millan MJ Dekeyne A Newman-Tancredi A Cussac D Audinot V Milligan G Duqueyroix D Girardon S Mullot J Boutin JA Nicolas JP Renouard-Try A Lacoste JM Cordi A 《The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics》2000,295(3):1192-1205
S18616 ((S)-spiro[(1-oxa-2-amino-3-azacyclopent-2-ene)-4, 2'-(8'-chloro-1',2',3',4'-tetrahydronaphthalene)]) displayed high affinity at native rat alpha(2)-adrenoceptors (AR)s (pK(i), 9.8), native human (h)alpha(2A)-ARs (9.6), and cloned halpha(2A)- (9.5), halpha(2B)- (9.2), and halpha(2C)- (9.0) ARs. It showed 40-fold lower affinity for halpha(1A)-ARs (8.4) and >/=100-fold lower affinity for rat alpha(1)-ARs (7.1), halpha(1B)-ARs (7.7), halpha(1D)-ARs (7.6), imidazoline(1) (7.4), and imidazoline(2) (7.4) sites and >100-fold lower affinity for all other (>50) sites. At halpha(2A)-ARs, in guanosine-5'-O-(3-[(35)S]thio)triphosphate binding studies, S18616 was a potent (partial) agonist: log effective concentration (pEC(50)), 9.3/maximal effect, 51%. This observation was corroborated employing a halpha(2A)-Gi1alpha fusion protein/GTPase assay (9.0/40%) in which the actions of S18616 were blocked by pertussis toxin. Employing guanosine-5'-O-(3-[(35)S]thio)triphosphate binding assays, S18616 was also a partial agonist at halpha(2C)-ARs (8.2/63%) but a full agonist (8.4/124%) at halpha(2B)-ARs. At halpha(2A)-, halpha(2B)-, and halpha(2C)-ARs, the selective alpha(2)-AR antagonist, atipamezole, abolished the actions of S18616: pK(b) values of 9.1, 9. 1, and 9.4, respectively. As determined by depletion of membrane-bound [(3)H]phosphatidyl inositols, S18616 behaved as a (less potent) agonist (7.8/79%) at halpha(1A)-ARs, an action abolished by prazosin (pK(b), 8.9). Reflecting alpha(2)-AR agonist properties, S18616 potently (>/=1 microg/kg, s.c.) and dose dependently elicited hypothermia and antinociception (nine diverse models) in rodents. These actions were dose dependently inhibited by chemically diverse alpha(2)- versus alpha(1)-AR antagonists, atipamezole, idazoxan, RX821,002, and BRL44418 (a preferential alpha(2A)-AR ligand). In contrast, the actions of S18616 were unaffected by the alpha(1)-AR antagonists, ARC239 and prazosin (which preferentially block alpha(2B/2C)- versus alpha(2A)-ARs). Although the affinity of dexmedetomidine at alpha(2)-ARs was lower than S18616; it displayed a similar receptor and functional profile. Clonidine displayed lower efficacy than S18616, was substantially less potent, and had marked affinity for imidazoline(1) sites and alpha(1)-ARs. In conclusion, S18616 is a novel, selective, and highly potent agonist at alpha(2)-ARs. 相似文献
55.
56.
57.
D. Saadoun N. Cassoux B. Wechsler D. Boutin C. Terrada P. Lehoang B. Bodaghi P. Cacoub 《La Revue de médecine interne / fondée ... par la Société nationale francaise de médecine interne》2010
Eye involvement in Behçet's disease (BD) is frequent and an important cause of morbidity. The mean age at onset of uveitis is between 20 and 30 years in male and 30 years in female patients. Ocular involvement includes anterior, posterior or panuveitis. Uveitis may be the presenting manifestation of the disease in 20 % of cases or may appear 2 or 3 years after the disease onset. The estimated risk of blindness at 5 years ranges from 15 to 25 %. The main goals in the management of patients with BD uveitis are the rapid control of intraocular inflammation, the prevention of recurrent attacks, the achievement of complete remission, and preservation of vision. The medical treatment of patients with severe uveitis relies on the use of systemically administered drugs, including corticosteroids and cytotoxic agents. Anti-TNF agents and interferon-α seem to be efficient and well-tolerated alternative therapeutic options. Controlled clinical trials are mandatory to define the place of these new immunomodulatory agents in the therapeutic strategy, and especially their use as first-line therapy. 相似文献
58.
Tiraby C Tavernier G Capel F Mairal A Crampes F Rami J Pujol C Boutin JA Langin D 《Diabetologia》2007,50(10):2190-2199
Aims/hypothesis Uncoupling protein (UCP) 3 is a mitochondrial inner membrane protein expressed predominantly in glycolytic skeletal muscles.
Its role in vivo remains poorly understood. The aim of the present work was to produce a mouse model with moderate overproduction
and proper fibre-type distribution of UCP3.
Methods Transgenic mice were created with a 16 kb region encompassing the human UCP3 gene. Mitochondrial uncoupling was investigated on permeabilised muscle fibres. Changes in body weight, adiposity and glucose
or insulin tolerance were assessed in mice fed chow and high-fat diets. Indirect calorimetry was used to determine whole-body
energy expenditure and substrate utilisation.
Results Transgenic mice showed a twofold increase in UCP3 protein levels specifically in glycolytic muscles. Mitochondrial respiration
revealed an increase of uncoupling in glycolytic but not in oxidative muscles. Transgenic mice gained less weight than wild-type
littermates due to lower adipose tissue accretion when fed a high-fat diet. Animals showed a sexual dimorphism in metabolic
responses. Female transgenic mice were more glucose-sensitive than wild-type animals, while male transgenic mice with high
body weights had impaired glucose and insulin tolerance. Measurements of RQs in mice fed chow and high-fat diets suggested
an impairment of metabolic flexibility in transgenic male mice.
Conclusions/interpretation Our data show that physiological overproduction of UCP3 in glycolytic muscles results in mitochondrial uncoupling, resistance
to high-fat diet-induced obesity and sex specificity regarding insulin sensitivity and whole-body substrate utilisation.
C. Tiraby and G. Tavernier contributed equally to this study. 相似文献
59.
Ben Dantzer Andrew G. McAdam Rupert Palme Stan Boutin Rudy Boonstra 《General and comparative endocrinology》2010,167(2):279-131
Patterns in stress hormone (glucocorticoid: GC) levels and their relationship to reproductive condition in natural populations are rarely investigated. In this study, we (1) validate an enzyme-immunoassay to measure fecal cortisol metabolite (FCM) levels in North American red squirrels (Tamiasciurus hudsonicus), and (2) examine relationships between FCM levels and reproductive condition in a free-ranging red squirrel population. Injected radiolabeled cortisol was entirely metabolized and excreted in both the urine (mean ± SE; 70.3 ± 0.02%) and feces (29.7 ± 0.02%), with a lag time to peak excretion in the feces of 10.9 ± 2.3 h. Our antibody reacted with several cortisol metabolites, and an adrenocorticotropic injection significantly increased FCM levels above baseline levels at 8 h post-injection. Relative to baseline levels, manipulation by handling also tended to increase FCM levels at 8 h post-manipulation, but this difference was not significant. FCM levels did not differ significantly between samples frozen immediately and 5 h after collection. Reproductive condition significantly affected FCM levels in free-ranging females (pregnant > lactating > post-lactating > non-breeding) but not males (scrotal testes vs. abdominal testes). Among females with known parturition dates, FCM levels increased during gestation, peaked at parturition, and declined during lactation. The difference between pregnant and lactating females was therefore dependent upon when the fecal samples were obtained during these periods, suggesting caution in categorizing reproductive stages. This study demonstrates the utility of fecal hormone metabolite assays to document patterns of glucocorticoid levels in free-ranging animals. 相似文献
60.
Bruyère F Faivre d'Arcier B Haringanji DC Boutin JM Haillot O Lanson Y 《Urologia internationalis》2007,78(4):351-355
OBJECTIVES: To compare pain during prostate biopsy performed in two different positions. METHODS: We carried out a prospective, randomized study to compare the pain experienced during biopsy in two different positions: lithotomy (group 1) and lateral (group 2). Pain was evaluated using a visual analog scale (VAS). RESULTS: 70 patients were randomized to the two positions for biopsy. The median number of samples taken was the same for both groups (n = 10). The median VAS rating after biopsy was 30 in group 1 and 45 in group 2. 96.6% of the men in group 1 were prepared to undergo a repeat examination according to the same modalities, against only 86.7% in group 2. Only 14.3% of the men in group 1 would have preferred more analgesic against 37.1% in group 2. Pain after biopsy was less in group 1. The men with prostate adenocarcinoma tolerated biopsies better than the others. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that the lithotomy position induced less pain and less post-biopsy hematuria than did the lateral position during prostate biopsy. Men with prostate adenocarcinoma tolerated the procedures better. 相似文献