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61.
Bettina Zinka Sabine Epple Sylvia Schick Gisela Skopp Matthias Graw Frank Musshoff 《Drug testing and analysis》2019,11(2):325-330
A 100 μg/L or higher concentration of 11‐nor‐9‐carboxy‐Δ9‐tetrahydrocannabinol (THC‐COOH) in blood serum is generally assumed to be associated with regular and/or heavy use of cannabis. At present, determination of the extent of cannabis use by means of the concentration of THC‐COOH in hair has not been assessed. Therefore, we aimed at establishing a threshold for THC‐COOH concentrations in hair to prove frequent consumption by comparing THC‐COOH concentrations in 129 corresponding serum and hair samples, respectively. The concentration of THC‐COOH in the serum was analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and in the hair by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Data were statistically evaluated using receiver operating characteristic curves and contingency tables. Our results suggest that a THC‐COOH concentration of ≥4.2 pg/mg in hair was always accompanied by a THC‐COOH concentration of at least 100 μg/L in blood serum. Should this be confirmed by further studies of a larger study population, a hair concentration of 4.2 pg/mg THC‐COOH can be set as a threshold to predict regular and/or heavy consumption of cannabis even if no corresponding blood sample is available for analysis. 相似文献
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Denise C. Carty Daniel J. Kruger Tonya M. Turner Bettina Campbell E. Hill DeLoney E. Yvonne Lewis 《Journal of urban health》2011,88(1):84-97
Many community-based participatory research (CBPR) partnerships address social determinants of health as a central consideration.
However, research studies that explicitly address racism are scarce in the CBPR literature, and there is a dearth of available
community-generated data to empirically examine how racism influences health disparities at the local level. In this paper,
we provide results of a cross-sectional, population-based health survey conducted in the urban areas of Genesee and Saginaw
Counties in Michigan to assess how a sustained community intervention to reduce racism and infant mortality influenced knowledge,
beliefs, and experiences of racism and to explore how perceived racism is associated with self-rated health and birth outcomes.
We used ANOVA and regression models to compare the responses of intervention participants and non-participants as well as
African Americans and European Americans (N = 629). We found that intervention participants reported greater acknowledgment of the enduring and differential impact of
racism in comparison to the non-intervention participants. Moreover, survey analyses revealed that racism was associated with
health in the following ways: (1) experiences of racial discrimination predicted self-rated physical health, mental health,
and smoking status; (2) perceived racism against one’s racial group predicted lower self-rated physical health; and (3) emotional
responses to racism-related experiences were marginally associated with lower birth-weight births in the study sample. Our
study bolsters the published findings on perceived racism and health outcomes and highlights the usefulness of CBPR and community
surveys to empirically investigate racism as a social determinant of health. 相似文献
64.
Bettina Stolp Andrea Imle Fernanda Matos Coelho Miroslav Hons Roser Gorina Ruth Lyck Jens V. Stein Oliver T. Fackler 《Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America》2012,109(45):18541-18546
HIV-1 negative factor (Nef) elevates virus replication and contributes to immune evasion in vivo. As one of its established in vitro activities, Nef interferes with T-lymphocyte chemotaxis by reducing host cell actin dynamics. To explore Nef’s influence on in vivo recirculation of T lymphocytes, we assessed lymph-node homing of Nef-expressing primary murine lymphocytes and found a drastic impairment in homing to peripheral lymph nodes. Intravital imaging and 3D immunofluorescence reconstruction of lymph nodes revealed that Nef potently impaired T-lymphocyte extravasation through high endothelial venules and reduced subsequent parenchymal motility. Ex vivo analyses of transendothelial migration revealed that Nef disrupted T-lymphocyte polarization and interfered with diapedesis and migration in the narrow subendothelial space. Consistently, Nef specifically affected T-lymphocyte motility modes used in dense environments that pose high physical barriers to migration. Mechanistically, inhibition of lymph node homing, subendothelial migration and cell polarization, but not diapedesis, depended on Nef’s ability to inhibit host cell actin remodeling. Nef-mediated interference with in vivo recirculation of T lymphocytes may compromise T-cell help and thus represents an important mechanism for its function as a HIV pathogenicity factor. 相似文献
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Libani IV Guy EC Melchiori L Schiro R Ramos P Breda L Scholzen T Chadburn A Liu Y Kernbach M Baron-Lühr B Porotto M de Sousa M Rachmilewitz EA Hood JD Cappellini MD Giardina PJ Grady RW Gerdes J Rivella S 《Blood》2008,112(3):875-885
In β-thalassemia, the mechanism driving ineffective erythropoiesis (IE) is insufficiently understood. We analyzed mice affected by β-thalassemia and observed, unexpectedly, a relatively small increase in apoptosis of their erythroid cells compared with healthy mice. Therefore, we sought to determine whether IE could also be characterized by limited erythroid cell differentiation. In thalassemic mice, we observed that a greater than normal percentage of erythroid cells was in S-phase, exhibiting an erythroblast-like morphology. Thalassemic cells were associated with expression of cell cycle–promoting genes such as EpoR, Jak2, Cyclin-A, Cdk2, and Ki-67 and the antiapoptotic protein Bcl-XL. The cells also differentiated less than normal erythroid ones in vitro. To investigate whether Jak2 could be responsible for the limited cell differentiation, we administered a Jak2 inhibitor, TG101209, to healthy and thalassemic mice. Exposure to TG101209 dramatically decreased the spleen size but also affected anemia. Although our data do not exclude a role for apoptosis in IE, we propose that expansion of the erythroid pool followed by limited cell differentiation exacerbates IE in thalassemia. In addition, these results suggest that use of Jak2 inhibitors has the potential to profoundly change the management of this disorder. 相似文献
67.
de Vries-Sluijs TE Hansen BE van Doornum GJ Springeling T Evertsz NM de Man RA van der Ende ME 《The Journal of infectious diseases》2008,197(2):292-294
Double-dose hepatitis B virus revaccination of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients proved to be effective in 50.7% of 144 patients who had previously failed to respond to standard doses. In the multivariate analysis, female patients were found to have a significantly better response (P= .03). The effect of age on the response depended on the viral load at the time of revaccination. For patients with a detectable HIV RNA load, the effect of age was stronger (odds ratio [OR], 0.34 per 10 years older [95% confidence interval {CI}, 0.16-0.72]; P= .005) than for patients with an undetectable HIV RNA load (OR, 0.74 per 10 years older [95% CI, 0.50-1.09]; P= .12). 相似文献
68.
Casper FW Seufert RJ Pollow K 《European journal of endocrinology / European Federation of Endocrine Societies》2000,143(1):77-84
OBJECTIVE: Interest has focused recently on the influences of the polypeptide factors inhibin and activin on the selective regulation of the pituitary secretion of gonadotropins. DESIGN: Measurement of the concentrations of inhibin-related proteins in relation to the changes in pituitary gonadotropin (FSH, LH) parameters, after GnRH stimulation with a bolus injection of 100 microg gonadorelin, in 19 women with ovulatory disturbances. METHODS: Serum levels of inhibin A and B, activin A, and pro alpha-C were measured using sensitive ELISA kits. RESULTS: Within 60 min after GnRH stimulation, FSH values doubled from 5 to 10 mU/ml (P < 0.001). LH increased 12-fold from 2 to 24 mU/ml (P < 0.001). Activin A showed a significant decrease from 0.47 to 0.36 ng/ml (P < 0.001), whereas pro alpha-C increased from 127 to 156 pg/ml (P = 0.039). The median inhibin A concentration did not show a significant change between baseline and the 60 min value, whereas inhibin B was characterized by a minor, but not significant, increase in the median from 168 to 179 pg/ml (P = 0.408). A significant inverse correlation (P = 0.014) with a mean coefficient of correlation of 0.5516 was found, demonstrating a strong relationship between high inhibin B baseline levels and a small increase of FSH after 60 min. CONCLUSION: Our results show an interesting correlation between the baseline inhibin B and the change in FSH before and after GnRH stimulation. A high baseline inhibin B implies only a minor increase of FSH after 60 min. 相似文献
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