NF‐κB activation mediates LPS‐or zymosan‐induced hypotension and inflammation reversed by BAY61‐3606, a selective Syk inhibitor,in rat models of septic and non‐septic shock

We have previously demonstrated that the activation of the spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk)/inhibitory‐κB (IκB)‐α/nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB) p65 signalling pathway contributes to hypotension and inflammatory response in a rat models of zymosan (ZYM)‐induced non‐septic shock. The purpose of this study was to further examine the possible mechanism underlying the effect of inhibition of Syk by BAY61‐3606 via NF‐κB activity at the level of nuclear translocation regarding the production of vasodilator and proinflammatory mediators in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (septic)‐ and ZYM (non‐septic)‐induced shock. Administration of LPS (10 mg/kg, ip) or ZYM (500 mg/kg, ip) to male Wistar rats decreased mean arterial pressure and increased heart rate that was associated with an increase in the activities of cyclooxygenase and nitric oxide synthase, tumour necrosis factor‐α, and interleukin‐8 levels, and NF‐κB activation and nuclear translocation in sera and/or cardiovascular and renal tissues. BAY61‐3606 (3 mg/kg, ip), the selective Syk inhibitor, given 1 hour after LPS‐ or ZYM injection reversed all the above‐mentioned effects. These results suggest that Syk contributes to the LPS‐ or ZYM‐induced hypotension and inflammation associated with transactivation of NF‐κB in septic and non‐septic shock.     

Adaptive radiation therapy of breast cancer by repeated imaging during irradiation

Breast cancer is the most frequent cancer among females and also a leading cause of cancer related mortality worldwide. A multimodality treatment approach may be utilized for optimal management of patients with combinations of surgery, radiation therapy (RT) and systemic treatment. RT composes an integral part of breast conserving treatment, and is typically used after breast conserving surgery to improve local control. Recent years have witnessed significant improvements in the discipline of radiation oncology which allow for more focused and precise treatment delivery. Adaptive radiation therapy (ART) is among the most important RT techniques which may be utilized for redesigning of treatment plans to account for dynamic changes in tumor size and anatomy during the course of irradiation. In the context of breast cancer, ART may serve as an excellent tool for patients receiving breast irradiation followed by a sequential boost to the tumor bed. Primary benefits of ART include more precise boost localization and potential for improved normal tissue sparing with adapted boost target volumes particularly in the setting of seroma reduction during the course of irradiation. Herein, we provide a concise review of ART for breast cancer in light of the literature.     

Association of simple hematological parameters with disease manifestations,activity, and severity in patients with systemic sclerosis

Clinical Rheumatology - Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR), mean platelet volume (MPV), and red cell distribution width (RDW) may potentially reflect...     

Genetic polymorphisms of HbE/beta thalassemia related to clinical presentation: implications for clinical diversity

Annals of Hematology - HbE/Beta thalassemia (HbE/β-thalassemia) is one of the common genetic disorders in South East Asia. It is heterogeneous in its clinical presentation and molecular...     

A histological study of the outer layer of rabbit fish (Siganus javus) eye

The rabbit fish is an economically valuable teleost species which lives in shallow coastal waters amongst aquatic plants. Two species of rabbit fish, Siganus sutore and Siganus javus, have been identified in the sea south of Iran. In this study, in order to investigate the histology of the outer layer of the S. javus eye, the eyes of 12 healthy specimens of S. javus were extracted and histologic sections were prepared. The sections were studied under a light microscope after staining with hematoxylin and eosin and Masson's trichrome stains. The outer layer was composed of the cornea cranially and the sclera caudally. The sclera contained an episclera zone and two cartilaginous segments with connective tissue correlation. The cornea included dermal components (stratified cuboidal epithelium, Bowman's membrane, and dermal stroma with occasional flattened cells); the scleral part consisted of two main layers (irregular fibers of connective tissue overlaying the second scleral stroma layer). The fibers of the scleral stroma were the only component present at the posterior part of the cornea. These results reveal that the eye of S. javus does not possess Descemet's membrane or endothelium in the cornea.     

Is it possible that direct rigid laryngoscope-related ischemia–reperfusion injury occurs in the tongue during suspension laryngoscopy as detected by ultrasonography: a prospective controlled study

Abstract

Background: Tongue-related complications can be seen in suspension laryngoscopy (SL) procedures.

Aims/objectives: This study aimed to detect tongue edema associated with the pressure exerted by a rigid direct laryngoscope by measuring the tongue area using ultrasonography (USG) in patients undergoing SL procedures.

Material and methods: The study group included 31 patients and the control group consisted of 33 patients. Submental USG examinations of the tongue in the coronal plane were performed. In the study and control groups, the first examination (TA¹) was done immediately after intubation and the second examination (TA²) was done after the surgery procedure but before extubation. The USG results regarding tongue area for both the groups were compared.

Results: The study and control groups significantly differed in terms of the postoperative tongue area measurements (TA²), as well as tongue edema (based on the TA²???TA¹) values.

Conclusions and significance: Direct rigid laryngoscopes may cause tongue edema in SL procedures which was demonstrated by the USG. This tongue edema can be a result of ischemia–reperfusion injury in the tongue due to the pressure exerted by a direct rigid laryngoscope. This study is the first to demonstrate the possible role of USG examination in determining the side effects of SL procedures on the tongue.

Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04205253     

Effects of age of onset on disease characteristics in non‐segmental vitiligo

In patients with vitiligo, the clinical and laboratory features of the disease may vary according to time of onset. This is addressed in the literature by only a few studies with conflicting results. The aim of this study was to determine the demographic and clinical features of patients with non‐segmental vitiligo and to establish the association between vitiligo and autoimmune diseases with a focus on time of disease onset. A total of 224 vitiligo patients for whom complete medical records were available were evaluated retrospectively. Demographic data, scores on the Vitiligo Area Score Index (VASI), clinical features, vitiligo disease activity, repigmentation status, presence of any accompanying autoimmune disease, antinuclear antibody (ANA) titers, serum levels of glucose, thyroid‐stimulating hormone (TSH), thyroxine (T4) hormone, anti‐thyroid peroxidase (anti‐TPO), and anti‐thyroglobulin (anti‐TG) were recorded. The prevalence of halo nevi was significantly higher (P < 0.001) among children than in other patient groups. The prevalence of leukotrichia was higher in adults with adult‐onset disease than in either pediatric patients or adults with childhood‐onset disease (P = 0.002). Both anti‐TG and anti‐TPO levels were significantly higher in adults with adult‐onset disease than in pediatric patients and adult patients with childhood‐onset disease. The prevalence of autoimmune disease was 22.2%. Anti‐TG levels were significantly higher in patients with treatment‐related repigmentation than in those without repigmentation. This study shows that clinical features and associations with autoimmune disease may vary according to the age of onset of vitiligo.