身高是影响血管功能的主要因素

目的:探讨性别及其它生理因素对大动脉血管功能的影响.我们使用非创伤性血压压力波分析方法研究和探讨性别和身高对年长者中心和外周血流动力学变化的影响.方法:研究对年龄、身高、体重指数、心率和血压等等生理因素与系统动脉顺应性(SAC)和动脉压力增加指数(AI)等血流动力学参数之间的相关性和影响进行评估,共选择280个正常志愿者,其中男性98例,女性182例,年龄49～75岁.结果:结果经年龄校正后,脉搏波速度、系统动脉顺应性和动脉压力增加指数有显著的性别差异.系统动脉顺应性,动脉压力增加指数与高度相关,而且此相关在性别上有明显差异.经年龄和性别校正后身体体重指数与SAC正相关与AI负相关.经年龄、性别和身高校正后,脉搏波速度、中心动脉压增加指数与心率、中心脉压差呈显著地直线相关.结论:研究表明在正常老年人群中,性别影响动脉功能指数的测定,身高是影响系统动脉顺应性和动脉脉压增加指数的关键因素.     

Effects of music therapy on depression compared with psychotherapy

This paper reports a study testing the effects of music on depression and compares them with the effects of psychotherapy. There are mainly three conventional treatments for depression: psychotherapy, pharmaceutical treatments, and electroconvulsive therapy. Because conventional treatment has proven to be poorly successful, new means of treatment must be found that might improve depression when used together with other therapies. A randomized controlled clinical trial was performed with a convenience sample of 79 patients aged 25–60 years with low- and medium-grade depression. The Zung Depression Scale was employed for selection purposes. Patients were randomly assigned to the music-therapy group (classical and baroque music) (n = 41), or the psychotherapy group based on conductive-behavioral therapy (n = 38). The music therapy was applied for 50 min a day, every day, for eight weeks. At the end, the music-therapy group had less depressive symptoms than the psychotherapy group, and this was proven to be statistically significant with the Friedman test. We propose that patients with low- and medium-grade depression can use music to enhance the effects of psychological support.     

全髋关节置换术中钴-铬股骨头不同磨损部位的摩擦学特性

 通过使用原子力显微镜检查(atomic force microscopy,AFM)计算表面粗糙度和摩擦系数的方法,对工程和生物材料的摩擦学特性进行研究。尽管之前的大量研究对全髋关节置换术中不同承重材料的摩擦系数进行了报告,但却没有关于全髋关节置换术术中轴承材料的表面粗糙度和摩擦系数的关系的报道。此外,钴-铬股骨头不同磨损部位的摩擦学特性尚不明确。因此,本研究对全髋关节置换术后 10年钴-铬股骨头发生严重磨损及轻微磨损部位的表面粗糙度、摩擦系数和硬度之间的关系进行研究。钴-铬股骨头的平均维氏硬度为(380.7±11.3) HV。在 AFM扫描的 25滋m伊25滋m面积内,严重磨损和轻微磨损部位的摩擦系数分别为 0.229±0.054和 0.243±0.059,两者差异无统计学意义(P=0.449)。严重磨损部位的表面粗糙度[Rq=(96.5±26.2) nm]与轻微磨损部位[Rq=(17.7±4.2) nm]的差异有统计学意义(P <0.0001)。本研究结果显示院钴-铬股骨头的摩擦特性与其表面粗糙度没有明显关系,为金属植入材料表面特性的改善提供了依据。     

MEASUREMENT OF ROOT CANAL LENGTH – USE OF AN ELECTROMETRIC DEVICE

The measurement of root canal length is a pre-requisite for successful pulpectomy. The conventional manual and radiographic methods are not very accurate. In the present study, odontometer was used [Group B) to assess its efficacy over the conventional methods (Group A) for recording root canal length. In group A, 36 teeth were treated with pulpectomy while in group B, 51 teeth were managed by the same treatment. It was observed that post operative complications in group B were significantly less (p < 0.05). The odontometer proved to be an excellent device for rapid and accurate measurement of root canal length.KEY WORDS: Pulpectomy, Root canal length, Odontometer     

COMPARING THE EFFICACY OF CISAPRIDE AND RANITIDINE IN OESOPHAGITIS: A DOUBLE-BLIND,PARALLEL GROUP STUDY IN GENERAL PRACTICE

SUMMARY Patients with endoscopically confirmed oesophagitis (n=49) were treated for 8 weeks with either cisapride (10 mg four times a day) or ranitidine (150 mg twice a day) in a double-blind study in general practice. Mean overall symptom scores fell from 10.8 to 4.5 in the cisapride group and from 9.9 to 4.4 in the ranitidine group over the course of the study. The proportion of patients reporting improvements in individual symptoms in the two treatment groups (cisapride and ranitidine respectively) were: heartburn, 66% and 55%; acid regurgitation, 53% and 47%; epigastric pain, 60% and 52%; satiety, 57% and 47%; bloating, 69% and 71%; belching, 65% and 72%; nausea, 62% and 85%; vomiting, 77% and 66%; poor appetite, 50% and 75%. Improvement in the endoscopic grade of oesophagitis was observed in 66% of patients receiving cisapride and 63% of those receiving ranitidine. It was concluded that cisapride is as effective as ranitidine in relieving the symptoms of oesophagitis and in healing oesophageal erosions.     

Acute hemodynamic effects of combined inhibition of neutral endopeptidase and angiotensin converting enzyme in spontaneously hypertensive rats

Summary— Neutral endopeptidase inhibitors (NEPI) potentiate the hypotensive effect of converting enzyme inhibitors (CEI) in conscious spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) but the mechanism of this potentiation remains unknown. The present study assesses the hemodynamic effects of a CEI (enalaprilat 1 mg/kg; n = 9), a NEPI (retrothiorphan 25 mg/kg + 25 mg/kg/h; n = 9) and the combination (CEI + NEPI; n = 9) versus a control group ( n = 9) in anesthetized spontaneously hypertensive rats. CEI alone induced a significant hypotensive effect due to a decrease (–35.1%) in total peripheral resistance (TPR), with no significant increase in cardiac output (CO). NEPI alone had a slight hypotensive effect due to a small decrease in CO. CEI + NEPI decreased the mean arterial pressure to the same extent (–26.7%) as the CEI-induced hypotensive effect, decreased TPR (–44.4%) and induced an increase in CO (+ 38.2%) with an increase in heart rate. In summary, NEPI combined with CEI induces large decreases in blood pressure and in TPR which do not significantly differ from the CEI-induced effects. It also induces increases in heart rate and in cardiac output in anesthetized SHR.