薄荷醇与樟脑对烟酰胺的促皮渗透作用的研究

目的:研究薄荷醇和樟脑对烟酰胺透皮吸收的影响。方法:用两室扩散池体外透皮实验装置,以兔皮为屏障,使用不同浓度的薄荷醇和樟脑,测定烟酰胺的透皮百分率。结果:含1％薄荷醇组和含1％樟脑组的烟酰胺透皮百分率无显著增加,而含1％薄荷醇和1％樟脑组,含3％薄荷醇组,含3％樟脑组,含3％薄荷醇和3％樟脑组的烟酰胺透皮百分率明显增加。结论:薄荷醇和樟脑均对烟酰胺有促皮渗透作用,两药作用强度相似,两药使用时具有协同作用。     

神经节苷脂GM1对乙醇引起的神经膜磷脂脂肪酸参入变化的影响

研究神经节苷脂ＧＭ１对乙醇引起的神经膜磷脂的脂肪酸参入变化的影响。使用同位素标记的脂肪酸测定其对神经膜磷脂不同组分的参入率，比较ＧＭ１和乙醇对参入率的影响。慢性乙醇暴露发迹了不饱和脂肪酸「油酸，亚油酸，花生四烯酸和二十二碳六烯酸」参入到旨酰肌醇，磷脂酰丝氨酸和磷脂酰胆碱。     

Exudative macular degeneration and intravitreal triamcinolone: 18 month follow up

Purpose: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of intravitreal triamcinolone after 18 months of follow up in patients with age-related macular degeneration and subfoveal or juxtafoveal choroidal neovascularization considered unsuitable for laser photocoagulation. Methods: Thirty eyes of 28 patients, referred from general eye clinics as well as the private clinic of one of the authors to a hospital-based retinal out-patient clinic, were treated with an intravitreal injection of triamcinolone (4mg). The primary outcome measure was the proportion of eyes with loss of six or more lines on a Bailey-Lovie Chart. The incidence of adverse events associated with treatment was also observed. Results: Of the 20 eyes with initial visual acuity (VA) of 6/60 or better, the vision was maintained (± 1 Bailey-Lovie lines) in 11 eyes (55%), while six eyes (30%) suffered severe visual loss (six or more lines). The VA improved by five to six lines in three of 10 eyes with initial vision of 3/60 or worse. Three of four eyes receiving a second injection suffered either progressive cataract or elevated intra-ocular pressure (IOP) requiring cataract surgery and/or filtering surgery. One of 26 eyes (3%) receiving a single injection showed progression of cataract and elevation of IOP within 6 weeks of treatment and required anti-glaucoma medication for 6 weeks. Progression of nuclear sclerosis 8–12 months after treatment was observed in six of 26 eyes (23%) receiving a single injection. Conclusions: The results of the present study suggest that a single intravitreal injection of 4 mg triamcinolone is reasonably well tolerated by the human eye. The rate of development of severe visual loss was less than reported for historical controls. Because the results are preliminary and uncontrolled, the treatment should not be used routinely until its benefit to patients is established by a prospective, randomized controlled study.     

T1N0M0 bronchogenic carcinoma: assessment by CT

We reviewed medical records and conventional chest radiographs that showed a solitary T1N0M0 nodule in 23 patients who had non-oat-cell bronchogenic carcinoma. No patient had evidence of metastases, either on the chest radiograph or clinically. All patients underwent computed tomography (CT) examination of the thorax, including the adrenal glands. Only one patient (4%) had mediastinal lymph nodes greater than 1 cm in diameter accessible to mediastinotomy; anterior mediastinotomy confirmed metastatic spread in this patient, which precluded curative resection. Three patients each had a mildly enlarged (2 cm or less) adrenal gland; however, follow-up study suggested that metastasis was not the cause of adrenal enlargement in these patients. This study reinforces concern over whether CT is warranted in the preoperative assessment of T1N0M0 bronchogenic carcinoma.     

Chronic pancreatitis: ultrasonic features

A retrospective analysis of 84 ultrasound examinations (in 77 patients) was performed to assess the frequency of sonographic findings in chronic pancreatitis. The findings included: inhomogeneously increased echogenicity in 53% of these examinations, focal or diffuse enlargement in 41%, focal dense echoes in 40%, pseudocyst formation in 21%, and a hypoechoic head mass in 7%. Thirteen per cent of our patients had a normal sonogram. Several presentations of chronic pancreatitis not previously described in the sonographic literature included: pancreatic or common bile duct enlargement or pseudocyst formation with otherwise normal-appearing glands. There was no direct relationship between the presence of focal high-intensity echoes within the pancreatic parenchyma and the presence of radiographic calcification. There was no difference in the frequency of ultrasonic abnormalities between patients with and without clinical evidence of pancreatic insufficiency. These results indicate that the sonographic findings in chronic pancreatitis are significantly more varied than previous reports would indicate.