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31.
Pushplata Prasad Arun K Tiwari KM Prasanna Kumar AC Ammini Arvind Gupta Rajeev Gupta BK Thelma 《BMC medical genetics》2010,11(1):52
Background
To determine association of nine single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in ADP ribosyltransferase-1 (ADPRT1), aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B1 (AKR1B1), receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE), glutamine:fructose-6-phosphate amidotransferase-2 (GFPT2), and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) genes with chronic renal insufficiency (CRI) among Asian Indians with type 2 diabetes; and to identify epistatic interactionss between genes from the present study and those from renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), and chemokine-cytokine, dopaminergic and oxidative stress pathways (previously investigated using the same sample set). 相似文献32.
S Kanungo BK Sah AL Lopez JS Sung AM Paisley D Sur JD Clemens G Balakrish Nair 《Bulletin of the World Health Organization》2010,88(3):185-191
Objective
To more accurately define the annual incidence of cholera in India, believed to be higher than reported to the World Health Organization (WHO).Methods
We searched the biomedical literature to extract data on the cases of cholera reported in India from 1997 to 2006 and compared the numbers found to those reported annually to WHO over the same period. The latter were obtained from WHO’s annual summaries of reported cholera cases and National health profile 2006, published by India’s Central Bureau of Health Intelligence.Findings
Of India’s 35 states or union territories, 21 reported cholera cases during at least one year between 1997 and 2006. The state of West Bengal reported cases during all 10 years, while the state of Maharashtra and the union territory of Delhi reported cases during nine, and Orissa during seven. There were 68 outbreaks in 18 states, and 222 038 cases were detected overall. This figure is about six times higher than the number reported to WHO (37 783) over the same period. The states of Orissa, West Bengal, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Assam and Chhattisgarh accounted for 91% of all outbreak-related cases.Conclusion
The reporting of cholera cases in India is incomplete and the methods used to keep statistics on cholera incidence are inadequate. Although the data are sparse and heterogeneous, cholera notification in India is highly deficient. 相似文献33.
背景:多瘤病毒感染是导致多瘤病毒相关性肾病和移植肾失功的重要原因之一。
目的:观察分析多瘤病毒相关性肾病的临床特征及其病理学特点。
方法:121例患者移植肾活检行多瘤病毒大T抗原染色,发现9例阳性诊断为多瘤病毒相关性肾病,利用SV-40 大 T 抗原免疫组织化学染色,对确认为多瘤病毒相关性肾病患者进行临床、病理、免疫荧光、免疫组织化学观察。
结果与结论:多瘤病毒相关性肾病组肾活检时检测霉酚酸-AUC 0-12和他克莫司血药浓度均明显高于同期非多瘤病毒相关性肾病组(P < 0.05)。9例活检组织经SV-40 大T抗原染色,肾皮质和髓质均可见散在的肾小管多瘤病毒阳性。免疫荧光IgG,IgM,IgA,C3,C4,C1q和C4d全阴性,所有肾组织病理均可见肾间质大量聚集的CD3,CD4,CD8,CD68阳性细胞,1例合并排斥反应者,人白细胞DR抗原和白细胞介素2受体高表达;不合并排斥者人白细胞DR抗原和白细胞介素2受体表达多小于5%。9例多瘤病毒相关性肾病患者随访均超过半年,移植肾失功1例,3例好转,2例稳定,3例恶化。结果表明,多瘤病毒相关性肾病的诊断主要依赖于移植肾活检组织病理;利用SV-40 大T 抗原免疫组织化学染色可提高多瘤病毒相关性肾病的诊断率;移植肾组织C4d、白细胞介素2受体和人白细胞DR抗原检测对多瘤病毒感染相关性肾病的鉴别诊断具有极其重要的临床价值。 相似文献
34.
Meldrum A Thomson W Drummond B Sears M 《International journal of paediatric dentistry / the British Paedodontic Society [and] the International Association of Dentistry for Children》2001,11(6):458-458
The aim of the present study was to clinically evaluate fissure sealants on the occlusal fissures and buccal pits of permanent first and second molars after 20 and 15 years, respectively. The population consisted of 72 children, each of whom had had their four first molars sealed between 1977 and 1980. At the annual examinations, all caries-free, newly erupted second molars were sealed. When sealant was applied to the second molars, the first molars were checked and sealant was reapplied to those that had deficient sealants. At the follow-up, when the subjects were 26–27 years of age, 27 in the original group had moved from the community. Thus, the present result is based on 45 subjects. One hundred and fifty-three sealed first molars and 161 sealed second molars were available for inspection. At the follow-up examination of the first molars 20 years after sealant had been applied, 65% showed complete retention, 22% partial retention without caries, and 1306 caries or restoration in the occlusal fissures or buccal pits. At the 15-year follow-up of the second molars, the corresponding figures were 65%, 30% and 5%, respectively. Of the restored or carious molars, significantly more were found in the mandible than in the maxilla ( P < 0.001). This longitudinal study showed that pit and fissure sealants, applied during childhood, have a long-lasting, caries-preventive effect. 相似文献
35.
36.
37.
Rapid typing of the human Fc gamma receptor IIA polymorphism by polymerase chain reaction amplification with allele-specific primers 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
BACKGROUND: The human Fc gamma receptor IIa (Fc gamma RIIa) is expressed in two polymorphic forms, Fc gamma RIIa-H131 and Fc gamma RIIa-R131, that differ by the replacement of histidine by arginine at position 131. This replacement is caused by a single-nucleotide exchange of A–>G. The resulting receptor forms differ in their binding to human IgG2 and mouse IgG1, which may lead to a different immunologic defense to bacterial polysaccharides and encapsulated bacteria. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: A rapid and easy polymerase chain reaction(PCR) method of genotyping the Fc gamma RIIa was developed. Allele-specific primers discriminate between the Fc gamma RIIa-H131 and the Fc gamma RIIa-R131 forms of the receptor. The results were compared with those obtained by another DNA-based genotyping method, in which PCR-amplified DNA was hybridized with allele-specific oligonucleotides, and with a functional phagocytosis assay using mouse IgG1-coated red cells as target antigens. RESULTS: The genotypes deduced from the PCR with allele-specific primers were in complete accordance with those obtained by the data from the hybridization of PCR-amplified DNA with allele- specific oligonucleotides. Furthermore, the Fc gamma RIIa genotypes of 28 individuals in all cases corresponded to the functional phenotypes. CONCLUSION: The use of PCR with allele-specific primers provides a rapid and easily performed method for the determination the Fc gamma RIIa polymorphism. 相似文献
38.
Introduction of iodinated contrast into the intact colon is not expected to result in imaging‐visible renal excretion of this contrast and is a phenomenon that has only rarely been described. We present a case in which such vicarious renal excretion was misinterpreted as a recto‐vesical fistula which resulted in unnecessary delay in the patient’s management. 相似文献
39.
To precisely determine the genotype of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in Hodgkin's disease (HD), we simultaneously analyzed three divergent gene loci (EBNA-2, EBNA-3C, and EBER) that distinguish type A and B viruses. The primers designed to amplify these three gene loci encompass either type-specific deletion sequences (EBNA-2 and EBNA-3C) or type-specific point mutations (EBER) that identify the virus strain based on the sizes of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-amplified products or the mobility shifts in single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis. The locations of point mutations were identified by direct sequencing of the PCR-amplified DNA. We analyzed 15 EBV-infected cell lines and found a good correlation between EBNA-2 and EBNA-3C typing results. In contrast, approximately 33% of the cell lines analyzed maintained type A sequences in EBNA-2 and EBNA-3C genes while carrying type B sequences in the EBER region. Data obtained from analysis of cell lines served as a reference for studying HD samples. EBV DNA was detected in about 70% of HD. Among the EBV-positive samples, 56% were associated with type A virus, 13% with type B, and 31% with dual viral sequences. Thus, type A virus is predominant in HD. Based on the histology, the frequencies of EBV positivity were 83%, 71%, and 33% for mixed cellularity, nodular sclerosis, and lymphocyte predominance, respectively. The detection of high frequency of both type A and B sequences in HD may provide a lead in investigating the role of dual viral infection in EBV pathogenesis. 相似文献
40.
Production and characterization of a bispecific IgG capable of inducing T-cell-mediated lysis of malignant B cells 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Bispecific monoclonal antibodies (bsabs) recognizing both CD3 and a tumor antigen can redirect T-cell-mediated cytotoxicity toward cells bearing that antigen. Such bsabs have been shown to be more effective than monospecific monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) at preventing tumor growth in animal models of B-cell malignancy. The current studies describe the production and preliminary evaluation of a bsab designed to induce the lysis of malignant human B cells by human T cells. The bsab was obtained from a hybrid-hybridoma cell line produced by fusing OKT3-secreting hybridoma cells with hybridoma cells that secrete 1D10. 1D10 is an MoAb that recognizes an antigen found on a majority of malignant human B cells that has not been detected to a significant degree on normal resting or activated lymphocytes. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to separate bsab from monospecific antibodies that were also present in the hybrid-hybridoma antibody product. The bsab was then evaluated in vitro for its ability to induce lysis of malignant B cells by activated T cells. The bsab consistently induced extensive lysis in vitro of 1D10 (+) cells, including both cell lines and cells obtained from patients with a variety of B-cell malignancies. No such effect was seen with activated T cells alone or activated T cells with monospecific antibody. No increased lysis was seen with 1D10 (-) cell lines. The bsab also mediated lysis of malignant B cells by autologous T cells. We conclude bsab containing an OKT3 arm and a 1D10 arm can induce T-cell-mediated lysis in a manner that is both potent and specific. This supports further evaluation of this bsab as a potential immunotherapy of B-cell malignancy. 相似文献