Aerosolized anti-T-cell-receptor antibodies are effective against airway inflammation and hyperreactivity

Aerosolized monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) specific for T-cell receptors (TCR) were used to manipulate T-cell function in airways of ovalbumin (OVA)-sensitized and -challenged mice with airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR). The inhaled mAbs were found to be effective at low doses, had little or no systemic effect and specifically abrogated both effector and regulatory functions of the targeted T cells. Specific mAbs targeting alphabeta T cells suppressed and those targeting gammadelta T cells enhanced AHR. Moreover, specific mAbs directed against subsets of gammadelta T cells varied in their effect on AHR. Using this approach of targeting either alphabeta or gammadelta T cells reduced airway eosinophila, although the effect of mAbs specific for alphabeta T cells was stronger. The use of aerosolized anti-TCR mAbs may offer an effective approach for the treatment of airway inflammation and AHR.     

多抗甲素体外对人淋巴细胞IL-2生成及反应性的影响

本文结果表明,多抗甲素(polyactin A,PA)在0.01～100μg/ml的浓度范围内能显著提高人淋巴细胞在PHA作用下分泌白细胞介素2(IL-2),表达IL-2受体以及对IL-2发生反应的能力,此作用呈剂量依赖性。PA在低浓度(0.01～0.1μg/ml)时,尚能拮抗正常人血清中IL-2抑制物的活性。上述结果提示PA能促进IL-2的生成和反应性,从而增强细胞免疫功能。     

多抗甲素抗肿瘤转移作用及其机理

多抗甲素(PAA)在100mg·kg^-1·d^-1剂量下,给药18d,显著抑制B₁₆-F₁₀黑色素瘤人工肺转移,肺转移结节数由137个下降到95个。同位素参入法测定PAA对正常及荷瘤小鼠脾细胞有促增殖作用,并使小鼠脾细胞对PHA刺激的反应性不因荷瘤而降低;PAA且能增强正常及荷瘤小鼠脾脏NK细胞活性,拮抗环磷酰胺对NK细胞活性的抑制作用;PAA体外能不同程度地抑制B₁₆-F₁₀黑色素瘤细胞DNA,RNA和蛋白质合成。放射免疫测定法表明PAA对小鼠血浆TXA₂/PGI₂比值影响较小。PAA抗肿瘤转移作用主要与促进荷瘤机体抗肿瘤免疫反应和直接抑制肿瘤细胞有关。     

高效液相色谱法测定尿中美芬妥英及代谢产物4'-羟基美芬妥英

A simple, sensitive and reproducible HPLC assay is described for the determination of mephenytoin and 4'-hydroxymephenytoin in human urine. Phenobarbital was used as an internal standard.The compounds were separated on a U-Bondapack RP-C₁₈ column using a mobile phase of and the UV detectou was set at 210 nm. Calibration curves in the range 0.05～1.00ug/ml for mephenytoin and 0.5～100.0ug/ml for 4'-hydroxymephenytoin were linear (r=0.9998and r=0.9992,respectivesy). The average recovery was 95.10±2。95%,and the relative standard devia- tion within day and day to day was less than 10%。The detection limit for mephenytoin was 25mg/ml and 4‘-hydroxymephenytoin was 50mg。ml。The method was used to study the metabolism of S-mephenytoin 4'-hydroxylatoin in 10healthy volunteers.The 12 h urinary metabolic ratio (MR)and hydroxylation index(HI)were calculated to express interindividual variation in metabolism. Two of them exhibited defective 4'-hydroxylation of S-mephenytoin as poor metabllizers (HI:1349.18 and 409.57;MR:105.29 and 8.25).In the remaining 8 subjects, the ranged from 1.68 to 6.71 and the MR ranged from 0.002 to 0.014,as extensive metabolizers of S-mephenytoin.     

高效液相色谱法测定乙吗噻嗪在人的血浆浓度及药代动力学

建立了反相高效液相色谱法测定人血浆中乙吗噻嗪浓度。色谱柱采用SpherisotbC18柱(25cm×4.6mm,5μm),流动相为甲醇—水—三乙胺(70:30:0.4,pH6.5),检测波长268nm。用乙腈沉淀蛋白后,吹干浓缩进样。血药浓度在20～4000ng/ml范围内呈线性关系,相关系数0.9994,血浆最低检测浓度3ng/ml。方法回收率90～103%,日内、日间RSD2.4～10.2%。应用该法研究了8名志愿者口服乙吗噻嗪片后的药代动力学,用一室模型拟合,消除相半衰期为1.75±0.45h。本法简便、回收率和灵敏度高、重复性好,适于临床药代动力学和药效学的研究。     

抗癌抗生素C1027与单克隆抗体Fab片段偶联物的抗肝癌作用

抗人肝癌单克隆抗体(单抗)3A₅用木瓜蛋白酶消化得到Fab片段。单抗3A₅和Fab片段分别与抗癌抗生素C1027偶联,偶联物经克隆生成法测定对肝癌细胞有很强的杀伤作用,C1027,Fab-C1027和3;3A₅-C1027的IC₅₀分别为6.5×10^-16,8.6×10^-16和4.2×10^-14mol·L^-1;Fab-C1027偶联物对非靶细胞(KB)的IC₅₀值为1.4×10^-13mol·L^-1,与靶细胞(BEL-7402)的IC₅₀值相比,两者相差160倍。说明Fab-C1027的杀伤活性强于3A₅-C1027,并对靶细胞呈选择性杀伤作用。给皮下移植人肝癌的裸鼠iv剂量0.1 mg·kg^-1,结果C1027和Fab-C1027的抑瘤率分别为59和85%,说明Fab片段与C1027偶联物比游离C1027的疗效更高。     

运动性横纹肌溶解症的诊治

运动性横纹肌溶解症是指运动后肌纤维崩解断裂导致肌细胞内容物释放入血引起的临床综合征,以肌痛、乏力、肌肉肿胀、深色尿及血中肌细胞内容物(特别是肌红蛋白和肌酸激酶)的含量增高为临床特征。严重的运动性横纹肌溶解症可并发急性肾衰竭、急性筋膜间室综合征、弥漫性血管内凝血及多器官功能障碍综合征,甚至危及生命。早期积极静脉补液、及时血液净化治疗可防止病情进一步发展。本病大多预后较好,如出现严重并发症死亡率明显升高。在军事训练及体育运动中应注意防治。