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71.
Chip Reuben Philippa Karoly Dean R. Freestone Andriy Temko Alexandre Barachant Feng Li Gilberto Titericz Jr. Brian W. Lang Daniel Lavery Kelly Roman Derek Broadhead Gareth Jones Qingnan Tang Irina Ivanenko Oleg Panichev Timothée Proix Michal Náhlík Daniel B. Grunberg David B. Grayden Mark J. Cook Levin Kuhlmann 《Epilepsia》2020,61(2):e7-e12
Seizure prediction is feasible, but greater accuracy is needed to make seizure prediction clinically viable across a large group of patients. Recent work crowdsourced state-of-the-art prediction algorithms in a worldwide competition, yielding improvements in seizure prediction performance for patients whose seizures were previously found hard to anticipate. The aim of the current analysis was to explore potential performance improvements using an ensemble of the top competition algorithms. The results suggest that minor increments in performance may be possible; however, the outcomes of statistical testing limit the confidence in these increments. Our results suggest that for the specific algorithms, evaluation framework, and data considered here, incremental improvements are achievable but there may be upper bounds on machine learning–based seizure prediction performance for some patients whose seizures are challenging to predict. Other more tailored approaches that, for example, take into account a deeper understanding of preictal mechanisms, patient-specific sleep-wake rhythms, or novel measurement approaches, may still offer further gains for these types of patients. 相似文献
72.
Maria A. Malik Nathan W. Sweeney Mohammad Jafri Andriy Derkach Cynthia Chmielewski Peter A. Adintori Sham Mailankody Neha Korde Carlyn R. Tan Hani Hassoun Malin Hultcrantz Jens Hillengass Susan E. McCann Neil Iyengar Saad Usmani Sergio A. Giralt Ola Landgren Marcel R. M. van den Brink Jennifer M. Ahlstrom Alexander M. Lesokhin Anita DSouza Susan Chimonas Urvi A. Shah 《Blood cancer journal》2022,12(4)
73.
Annie Robitaille Ardo van den Hout Robson J.M. Machado David A. Bennett Iva Čukić Ian J. Deary Scott M. Hofer Emiel O. Hoogendijk Martijn Huisman Boo Johansson Andriy V. Koval Maaike van der Noordt Andrea M. Piccinin Judith J.M. Rijnhart Archana Singh-Manoux Johan Skoog Ingmar Skoog John Starr Graciela Muniz Terrera 《Alzheimer's & dementia》2018,14(4):462-472
Introduction
This study examines the role of educational attainment, an indicator of cognitive reserve, on transitions in later life between cognitive states (normal Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), mild MMSE impairment, and severe MMSE impairment) and death.Methods
Analysis of six international longitudinal studies was performed using a coordinated approach. Multistate survival models were used to estimate the transition patterns via different cognitive states. Life expectancies were estimated.Results
Across most studies, a higher level of education was associated with a lower risk of transitioning from normal MMSE to mild MMSE impairment but was not associated with other transitions. Those with higher levels of education and socioeconomic status had longer nonimpaired life expectancies.Discussion
This study highlights the importance of education in later life and that early life experiences can delay later compromised cognitive health. This study also demonstrates the feasibility and benefit in conducting coordinated analysis across multiple studies to validate findings. 相似文献74.
Nemchenko A Chiong M Turer A Lavandero S Hill JA 《Journal of molecular and cellular cardiology》2011,51(4):584-593
The epidemic of heart failure continues apace, and development of novel therapies with clinical efficacy has lagged. Now, important insights into the molecular circuitry of cardiovascular autophagy have raised the prospect that this cellular pathway of protein quality control may be a target of clinical relevance. Whereas basal levels of autophagy are required for cell survival, excessive levels - or perhaps distinct forms of autophagic flux - contribute to disease pathogenesis. Our challenge will be to distinguish mechanisms that drive adaptive versus maladaptive autophagy and to manipulate those pathways for therapeutic gain. Recent evidence suggests this may be possible. Here, we review the fundamental biology of autophagy and its role in a variety of forms of cardiovascular disease. We discuss ways in which this evolutionarily conserved catabolic mechanism can be manipulated, discuss studies presently underway in heart disease, and provide our perspective on where this exciting field may lead in the future. This article is part of a special issue entitled ‘‘Key Signaling Molecules in Hypertrophy and Heart Failure.’’ 相似文献
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76.
Cancio LC Batchinsky AI Mansfield JR Panasyuk S Hetz K Martini D Jordan BS Tracey B Freeman JE 《The Journal of trauma》2006,60(5):1087-1095
BACKGROUND: Skin color changes and mottling are frequently described signs of hemorrhagic shock (HEM). Based on this, we developed a noninvasive, noncontact hyperspectral imaging system (HSI), which quantifies and depicts the surface tissue saturation of oxygen (SHSIO2) for each pixel in a region of interest (ROI). Our purpose was to assess HSI in a porcine HEM model. We hypothesized that HEM would cause decreases in SHSIO2 of the skin. METHODS: The HyperMed HSI system employs a spectral separator to vary the wavelength of light admitted to a digital camera. During image acquisition, a "hypercube" of images, each at a separate wavelength, is generated (at 5-nm intervals, from 500 to 600 nm). Then, the visible light spectrum for each pixel in the hypercube is compared by linear regression to standard spectra for oxyhemoglobin (OxyHb) and deoxyhemoglobin (DeoxyHb). The resulting fit coefficients for OxyHb and DeoxyHb are used to calculate SHSIO2 values for each pixel in the ROI. The mean values for OxyHb, DeoxyHb, and SHSIO2 across the ROI are calculated. Grayscale SHSIO2 pictures of the ROI are also generated, in which the brightness of each pixel is proportional to its value. Seventeen pigs, 36.4 +/- 0.11 kg, underwent standard preparation, and were maintained on ketamine and isoflurane. Normothermia was maintained (37 degrees C to 39 degrees C). The hemorrhage group (HEM, n = 9) underwent three blood withdrawals, each 10 mL/kg, with 15 minutes between withdrawals. After the third withdrawal, animals were resuscitated with lactated Ringer's and then shed blood. The control group (CTRL, n = 8) received intravenous fluids at 100 mL/h. HSI images were obtained of the inner hindlimb throughout. RESULTS: All HEM animals showed linear decreases in both mean SHSIO2 and OxyHb values with blood loss, which were reversed by resuscitation. These changes were evident on the grayscale SHSIO2 pictures, but not to the naked eye, and paralleled those of invasively obtained arterial base excess and mixed venous oxygen saturation. CONCLUSIONS: HSI is a promising noninvasive and noncontact tool for quantifying changes in skin oxygenation during HEM and resuscitation. 相似文献
77.
Batchinsky AI Martini DK Jordan BS Dick EJ Fudge J Baird CA Hardin DE Cancio LC 《The Journal of trauma》2006,60(5):944-56; discussion 956-7
BACKGROUND: Toxic industrial chemicals (TICs) are potential terrorist weapons. Several TICs, such as chlorine, act primarily on the respiratory tract, but knowledge of the pathophysiology and treatment of these injuries is inadequate. This study aims to characterize the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) caused by chlorine gas (Cl2) inhalation in a large-animal model. METHODS: Anesthetized female sheep were ventilated with 300 L of a Cl2/air/oxygen mixture for 30 minutes. In phase 1 (n = 35), doses were 0 ppm (Group 1, n = 6); 120 ppm (Group 2, n = 6); 240 to 350 ppm (Group 3, n = 11); and 400 to 500 ppm (Group 4, n = 12). In phase 2 (n = 17), doses were 0 ppm (Group 5, n = 5); 60 ppm (Group 6, n = 5); and 90 ppm (Group 7, n = 7), and the multiple inert gas elimination technique (MIGET) was used to characterize the etiology of hypoxemia. Computed tomography (CT) scans were performed daily for all animals. RESULTS: In Phase 1, lung function was well maintained in Group 1; Cl2 caused immediate and sustained acute lung injury (PaO2-to-FiO2 ratio, PFR<3.0) in Group 2 and ARDS (PFR<2.0) in Groups 3 and 4. All animals in Groups 1 and 2 survived 96 hours. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed dose-related differences in survival (log-rank test, p < 0.0001). Logistic regression identified 280 ppm as the lethal dose 50%. CT and histopathology demonstrated lesions of both small airways and alveoli. In Phase 2, MIGET showed diversion of blood flow from normal to true-shunt lung compartments and, transiently, to poorly ventilated compartments. CONCLUSIONS: Cl2 causes severe, dose-related lung injury, with features seen in both smoke inhalation and in ARDS secondary to systemic disease. This model will be used to test new therapeutic modalities. 相似文献
78.
Radiation-induced leukemia risk among those aged 0-20 at the time of the Chernobyl accident: a case-control study in the Ukraine 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Noshchenko AG Zamostyan PV Bondar OY Drozdova VD 《International journal of cancer. Journal international du cancer》2002,99(4):609-618
A case-control study was conducted to estimate the radiation-induced acute leukemia risk for the period 1987-1997 among residents aged 0-20 at the time of the Chernobyl accident in the most radioactively contaminated territories of the Ukraine (Rivno and Zhytomir regions). Data were collected on 272 leukemia cases diagnosed between 1 January 1987 and 31 December 1997. Of these, 98 cases were verified and interviewed. Verified cases were compared to 151 randomly selected controls matched by age, gender and type of settlement. The mean value of the estimated accumulated equivalent dose to the bone marrow was 4.5 mSv, and the maximum value was 101 mSv. A statistically significant increased risk of leukemia was found among males whose estimated radiation exposure was higher than 10 mSv. This association was statistically significant for acute leukemia cases that occurred in the period 1993-1997, particularly for acute lymphoblastic leukemia. A similar association was found for acute myeloid leukemia, diagnosed in the period 1987-1992. 相似文献
79.
80.
Fedorov A Tuncali K Fennessy FM Tokuda J Hata N Wells WM Kikinis R Tempany CM 《Journal of magnetic resonance imaging : JMRI》2012,36(4):987-992