全文获取类型
收费全文 | 16097篇 |
免费 | 894篇 |
国内免费 | 60篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 160篇 |
儿科学 | 298篇 |
妇产科学 | 236篇 |
基础医学 | 2132篇 |
口腔科学 | 1030篇 |
临床医学 | 1313篇 |
内科学 | 3439篇 |
皮肤病学 | 265篇 |
神经病学 | 1529篇 |
特种医学 | 379篇 |
外国民族医学 | 1篇 |
外科学 | 2657篇 |
综合类 | 52篇 |
一般理论 | 6篇 |
预防医学 | 1278篇 |
眼科学 | 318篇 |
药学 | 1125篇 |
中国医学 | 81篇 |
肿瘤学 | 752篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 17篇 |
2023年 | 173篇 |
2022年 | 276篇 |
2021年 | 527篇 |
2020年 | 316篇 |
2019年 | 459篇 |
2018年 | 649篇 |
2017年 | 464篇 |
2016年 | 461篇 |
2015年 | 610篇 |
2014年 | 708篇 |
2013年 | 914篇 |
2012年 | 1425篇 |
2011年 | 1447篇 |
2010年 | 717篇 |
2009年 | 615篇 |
2008年 | 1074篇 |
2007年 | 1027篇 |
2006年 | 913篇 |
2005年 | 895篇 |
2004年 | 712篇 |
2003年 | 572篇 |
2002年 | 475篇 |
2001年 | 203篇 |
2000年 | 169篇 |
1999年 | 162篇 |
1998年 | 61篇 |
1997年 | 42篇 |
1996年 | 32篇 |
1995年 | 22篇 |
1994年 | 29篇 |
1993年 | 18篇 |
1992年 | 73篇 |
1991年 | 79篇 |
1990年 | 53篇 |
1989年 | 53篇 |
1988年 | 74篇 |
1987年 | 52篇 |
1986年 | 56篇 |
1985年 | 34篇 |
1984年 | 32篇 |
1983年 | 27篇 |
1979年 | 23篇 |
1978年 | 19篇 |
1974年 | 27篇 |
1973年 | 23篇 |
1972年 | 25篇 |
1969年 | 20篇 |
1967年 | 21篇 |
1966年 | 15篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
61.
62.
Dina Ruano António Macedo Maria Jo?o Soares José Valente Maria Helena Azevedo Carlos Pato Mara Helena Hutz Clarissa S Gama Maria Inês Lobato Paulo Belmonte-de-Abreu Peter Heutink Joana Almeida Palha 《American journal of medical genetics. Part B, Neuropsychiatric genetics》2007,(5):642-646
Several observations point to the involvement of disturbed lipid biology in schizophrenia. Reduced response to niacin flushing test, which involves vasodilatation induced by prostaglandin D2 (PGD2), is among the evidences, together with decreased CSF levels of lipocalin-type prostaglandin D2 synthase (PTGDS), the enzyme responsible for the synthesis of PGD2 in the brain. Since PTGDS is also a carrier for lipophilic molecules such as retinoids and thyroid hormones, altered PTGDS levels might influence both PGD2-mediated signaling, and vitamin A and thyroid hormone availability. To test whether genetic variants of PTGDS are involved in the etiology of schizophrenia, we searched for variants in the coding and regulatory regions of the gene. We identified four previously described polymorphisms. Using two case-control samples from Portugal and Brazil, none of the polymorphisms tested was associated with the disease. In addition, no transmission distortion was observed in an independent parents-offspring sample from the Azorean Islands. Our data do not support the involvement of the PTGDS gene in the etiology of schizophrenia. 相似文献
63.
A simple in vitro drug sensitivity testing system for Blastocystis hominis clinical isolates was developed. Application of supravital staining by neutral red allowed quantitative viability assessment.
Four xenic cultures, isolated from human sources, were grown in modified monophasic Robinson's medium and tested for sensitivities
to nine available drugs. Assessment was done using the cell-count method from air-dried preparations after supravital staining
with neutral red. Also, the light absorbence method was evaluated. Trimethoprim, metronidazole, quinacrine, tetracycline,
paromomycin, and two new antiprotozoal drugs, nitazoxanide and deacetyl-nitazoxanide, showed cytostatic or cytocidal effects
on all or some Blastocystis isolates. Chloroquine and sulphamethoxazole did not demonstrate any effect at the concentrations studied.
Received: 20 November 1998 / Received last revision: 27 December 1999 / Accepted: 29 December 1999 相似文献
64.
65.
Parra ER Canzian M Saber AM Coêlho RS Rodrigues FG Kairalla RA de Carvalho CR Capelozzi VL 《Pathology, research and practice》2004,200(10):701-705
Previous reports indicate that enlarged hilar and mediastinal lymph nodes caused by sarcoid-like reactions may develop after curative resection of cancer, and their presence does not necessarily denote neoplastic recurrence. Reports further suggest that coexisting pulmonary infiltrates in this setting may be related to sarcoidosis. In this study, we describe two patients who had resected lung and gastric cancer and who later developed pulmonary interstitial infiltrate, concurrent with progressive mediastinal lymphadenopathy initially thought to be caused by intrathoracic dissemination of their cancer. These changes were shown by open lung biopsy to be a benign, granulomatous reaction interpreted as sarcoidosis. Thus, it is important to recognize this clinical pattern when pulmonary infiltrates develop after complete treatment of cancer in an otherwise relapse-free patient and to encourage lung or lymph node biopsy in these particular settings in order to confirm a sarcoid-like reaction, thereby avoiding unnecessary chemotherapy for presumed tumor recurrence. 相似文献
66.
67.
Zahariev A Bergouignan A Caloin M Normand S Gauquelin-Koch G Gharib C Blanc S 《European journal of applied physiology》2005,95(4):344-350
Because body composition is altered during head-down bed rest (HDBR), body mass can not be used as an index of energy balance.
Consequently diet allowances should not be based on body mass evolution but on fat mass changes. Though criticized, skinfold
thickness (ST) is the costless, easiest and fastest method to use for such an objective. The aim of this study was to compare
the percentage of body fat (%BF) estimated by ST with the isotope dilution of H218O. We compiled data from three HDBR campaigns, one on women (n=8) in November 1998 and two on the same men (n=8) in December 1997 (without countermeasure) and January 1998 (with thigh-cuffs countermeasure), according to a crossover
design. Body composition was assessed before and after 6 days of HDBR. %BF was derived from the biceps, triceps, sub-scapular
and sup-iliac ST according to Durnin and Wormersly (1974). Fat-free mass was measured on the same day by H218O dilution and fat mass was calculated by the difference with body mass and expressed as a percentage. Based on precision
tests, the minimum measurable change by ST was 1.1%BF for single measurement point. Both intercepts (F
4,30=0.89, P=0.45) and slopes (F
4,30=0.74; P=0.57) of the ST versus dilution relationships were not affected by the periods (December vs January), experimental conditions
(control vs HDBR vs HDBR + thigh cuffs) or sex allowing the derivation of a common relationship %BFst=0.94 × %BFdil (F
1,47=97.9, P<0.0001; non-significant intercept excluded) with a bias between methods of −1.7±2.0 %BF (95% CI: −5.8, 2.4 %BF). ST can be
used to measure %BF during HDBR provided great care is placed on training and changes are higher than 1.1 %BF. If the method
can be applied for in-flight energy balance monitoring given the high observed energy deficit, a tight monitoring of the individual
nutritional status as needed during simulation appears, however, dubious based on this solely method. 相似文献
68.
dos Santos CN Rocha CF Cordeiro M Fragoso SP Rey F Deubel V Desprès P 《Virus research》2002,90(1-2):197-205
We have investigated the genetic diversity of dengue type-1 (DEN-1) virus in Brazil. The full nucleotide sequences of three DEN-1 virus isolated from DEN fever (DF) and DEN hemorrhagic fever patients in northeastern Brazil in 1997 (BR/97) and one from a DF patient in the south of Brazil in 2001 (BR/01) were compared to that of the reference strain BR/90 obtained in the city of Rio de Janeiro in 1990. Sequence analysis showed that the structural proteins were remarkably conserved between all isolates. A total of 27 amino acid changes occurred throughout the non-structural proteins. Among them, nine amino acid substitutions were specific of BR/97 and BR/01 isolates, indicating that in situ evolution of these strains had occurred. Within the BR/97 and BR/01 samples, some amino acid substitutions have been previously identified in DEN-1 virus strains sequenced so far, suggesting that recombination events might have occurred. 相似文献
69.
Isolation of exfoliated colonocytes from human stool as a new technique for colonic cytology 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Bandaletova T Bailey N Bingham SA Loktionov A 《APMIS : acta pathologica, microbiologica, et immunologica Scandinavica》2002,110(3):239-246
Cell exfoliation in the gut is an important cell renewal mechanism. To approach its investigation we applied a novel immunomagnetic technique for isolation of exfoliated cells from human stool. Exfoliated colonocytes were isolated from 168 stool samples. The cells were assessed microscopically using conventional stains and immunohistochemistry. The technique allowed us to obtain well-preserved colonocytes displaying characteristic features of well-differentiated colonic epithelium and positive immunostaining for cytokeratin 5/8. No mucin-producing cells were found. Exfoliated cells did not produce inducible nitric oxide synthase, albeit cultured colon carcinoma cells HT-29 analysed in parallel showed strong immunostaining. Analysis of exfoliated cell numbers in consecutive stool samples from the same subjects revealed considerable interindividual variation. Overall exfoliated colonocyte numbers were relatively low, isolation being unaffected by addition during the procedure of excessive amounts of HT-29 cells. Apoptosis was extremely rare among exfoliated colonocytes. Well-preserved exfoliated colonocytes can be consistently isolated from human faeces using a simple procedure. Our findings suggest that the actual process of cell exfoliation in the human colon may be much less intense than is generally accepted. Exfoliated cell isolation from human stool constitutes a convenient non-invasive approach that can be used for diagnostic and research purposes. 相似文献
70.
Akiskal HS Hantouche EG Bourgeois ML Azorin JM Sechter D Allilaire JF Chatenêt-Duchêne L Lancrenon S 《Journal of affective disorders》2001,67(1-3):89-96
BACKGROUND: Because manic patients lack insight, they are generally considered unreliable observers of their own psychopathology. The present analyses sought to examine to what extent patient reports could improve formal diagnostic criteria for mania--and be validated against the Carroll-Klein (CK) psychobiological model of bipolarity. METHOD: 104 DSM-IV acutely manic (hospitalized) patients provided self-assessment on the Ahearn--Carroll scale, the Multiple Visual Analogue Scales of Bipolarity (MVAS-BP). A principal component analysis (PCA) was performed on MVAS-BP, and the data on factorial scores were then compared to dimensional scores according to the CK model and to factors on the Beigel-Murphy Manic State Rating Scale (MSRS) completed by psychiatrists. RESULTS: The PCA identified a general factor accounting for 33% of the total variance; after varimax rotation, seven independent factors emerged, essentially in coherence with the signs and symptoms of DSM-IV mania, except for the 'social disinhibition' factor, which does not figure out as a distinct criterion in DSM-IV. Strong correlations were obtained (r > or = 0.80) between the four major factors of MVAS-BP and the four dimensional categories of the CK model: 'Consummatory Reward' with F1 'Elation and Inflated Self-esteem' (r=0.93), 'Incentive Reward' with F2 'Activation' (r=0.84), 'Psychomotor Pressure' with F3 'Acceleration' (r=0.85), and 'Central Pain' with F4 'Anxiety-Depression' (r=0.84). The F2 'Activation' appeared to be strongly correlated (r > or = 0.70) to all categories of the CK model. Correlational analysis between the factor structure of MVAS-BP and the MSRS showed significant coefficients on the scores assessing the emotional factors of 'Elation' and 'Depression.' Among the MVAS-BP factors, only 'Activation' was correlated to the majority of clinician ratings as obtained by the MSRS. CONCLUSIONS: These findings provide overall construct validity to the DSM-IV criteria for mania. Self-assessment of this disorder appears feasible and potentially useful in practice; lack of insight, poor judgment, and distractibility obviously require assessment by a clinician. Although our data are correlational and require prospective validation, they nonetheless suggest that (1) activation should be raised to the status of the stem criterion for mania, (2) to specify mood as elated, depressive, anxious, or irritable, and (3) to give individual status to social disinhibition (indiscriminate gregariousness) as a core pathological behavior in mania. Combining clinician- and self-observation thus produces a more precise and complete phenomenology of mania. We finally submit that the foregoing reformulation provides a psychobiological basis to the manic construct as formulated in the Carroll-Klein model. 相似文献