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71.
Goldblatt D Hussain M Andrews N Ashton L Virta C Melegaro A Pebody R George R Soininen A Edmunds J Gay N Kayhty H Miller E 《The Journal of infectious diseases》2005,192(3):387-393
BACKGROUND: Natural immunity to Streptococcus pneumoniae is thought to be induced by exposure to S. pneumoniae or cross-reactive antigens. No longitudinal studies of carriage of and immune responses to S. pneumoniae have been conducted using sophisticated immunological laboratory techniques. METHODS: We enrolled 121 families with young children into this study. Nasopharyngeal (NP) swabs were collected monthly for 10 months from all family members and were cultured in a standard fashion. Cultured S. pneumoniae isolates were serotyped. At the beginning (month 0) and end (month 10) of the study, venous blood was collected from family members >18 years old. Serotype-specific antipolysaccharide immunoglobulin G (IgG) and functional antibody and antibodies to pneumolysin, pneumococcal surface protein A (PspA), and pneumococcal surface antigen A (PsaA) were measured in paired serum samples. RESULTS: Levels of anticapsular IgG increased significantly after carriage of serotypes 9V, 14, 18C, 19F, and 23F by an individual or family member. For serotype 14, a higher level of anticapsular IgG at the beginning of the study was associated with reduced odds of carriage (P = .006). There was a small (approximately 20%) but significant increase in titers of antibodies to PsaA and pneumolysin but no change in titers of antibody to PspA. CONCLUSIONS: Adults respond to NP carriage by mounting anticapsular and weak antiprotein antibody responses, and naturally induced anticapsular IgG can prevent carriage. 相似文献
72.
Electrophysiological properties of mouse bone marrow c-kit+ cells co-cultured onto neonatal cardiac myocytes 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Lagostena L Avitabile D De Falco E Orlandi A Grassi F Iachininoto MG Ragone G Fucile S Pompilio G Eusebi F Pesce M Capogrossi MC 《Cardiovascular research》2005,66(3):482-492
OBJECTIVE: Controversy about hematopoietic stem cells reprogramming into cardiac myocytes is currently supported by positive and negative findings. In fact, some reports have shown the ability of stem cells from the bone marrow (BM) to differentiate into cardiac myocytes and to contribute to myocardium repair, while others have reported the opposite. METHODS: C-kit(+) cells from mouse bone marrow were co-cultured onto neonatal cardiac myocytes. Hematopoietic stem cell-derived cells were analyzed by investigating the expression of cardiac markers and ion channels and by single-cell electrophysiological recordings. RESULTS: Groups of undifferentiated c-kit(+) cells displayed only outward currents. Co-cultured c-kit(+) stem cells on neonatal cardiac myocytes expressed cardiac markers and Na(+) and Ca(2+) voltage-gated ion channels. However, Na(+) and Ca(2+) currents were not detected by electrophysiological patch-clamp recordings even if caffeine and cyclopiazonic acid treatment showed the presence of intracellular calcium stores. This suggests that these channels, although expressed, were not functional and thus do not allow the coupling between excitation and contraction that is typical of cardiac myocytes. Nevertheless, co-cultured cells had a more hyperpolarized resting membrane potential and, at least in a subset of cells, displayed voltage-gated inward rectifier currents and outward currents. Co-cultured c-kit(+)-derived cells were not connected to surrounding cardiac myocytes through gap junctions. To induce a more pronounced differentiation, co-cultured cells were treated with BMP-4 and TGF-beta, two factors that were shown to trigger a cardiac myocyte differentiation pathway in embryonic stem (ES) cells. Even under these conditions, c-kit(+) cells did not differentiate into functionally active cardiac myocytes. However, TGF-beta/BMP-4-treated cells were hyperpolarized and showed and increased inward rectifier current density. CONCLUSIONS: Our study shows that mouse BM hematopoietic stem cells exhibit a limited plasticity to transdifferentiate into cardiac myocytes in culture. 相似文献
73.
Frequency of O6‐methylguanine‐DNA methyltransferase promoter methylation in cytological samples from small cell lung cancer 下载免费PDF全文
Umberto Miglio Ph.D Rosanna Mezzapelle Ph.D Alessia Paganotti B.Sc. Claudia Veggiani B.Sc. Francesca Mercalli M.D. Giuseppe Mancuso M.Sc. Erica Gaudino M.D. Ottavio Rena Ph.D Roberta Buosi M.D. Renzo Boldorini M.D. 《Diagnostic cytopathology》2015,43(11):947-952
Background. In a phase II study for patients with relapsed small cell lung cancer (SCLC), the administration of Temozolomide, an alkylating agent used in gliomas and anaplastic astrocytoma, showed a effective activity when O6‐methylguanine‐DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) gene promoter was methylated. Methods. We tested the feasibility of MGMT promoter status evaluation in small biopsies and cytological specimens routinely processed for diagnostic purposes. We tested samples from 56 patients with SCLC: 30 tissue biopsies, 17 fine‐needle aspiration biopsy, 8 bronchial washing, and 1 was a sputum. Biopsies and fine‐needle aspiration biopsy were fixed in formalin, bronchial washing and sputum in Dubosq Brazil. DNA was extracted after macrodissection of the areas containing the maximum number of cancer cells. MGMT promoter methylation status was assessed by methylation specific PCR. Results. Methylation analysis was obtained in 54 samples (54/56) and failed in two bronchial wash. MGMT promoter was methylated in 35.2% of the cases without any significant difference between histological and cytological samples (37.9% vs. 32%). Conclusion. MGMT promoter methylation is present in SCLC and cytological samples are perfectly adequate for methylation analysis, even if they were taken during routine diagnostic procedures, using different fixative and with low number and percentage of cancer cells. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2015;43:947–952. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 相似文献
74.
Antonella Meloni Daniele De Marchi Vincenzo Positano Maria Giovanna Neri Maurizio Mangione Petra Keilberg Maddalena Lendini Carla Cirotto Alessia Pepe 《Abdominal imaging》2015,40(8):3129-3136
Purpose
We examined different approaches aimed to deal with the signal fluctuation of pancreatic T2* values due to fat infiltration in order to obtain accurate estimates of iron overload.Methods
Pancreatic T2* values were assessed in 20 patients (13 females, 37.24 ± 9.12 years) enrolled in the Myocardial Iron Overload in Thalassemia network without and with the application of fat suppression-FS (T2*-NoFS and T2*-FS). T2* values were assessed in three different ways: (1) from the immediate fit (original T2*); (2) discarding the echoes until the achievement of a good visual concordance between the signal and the model (final_vis T2*); (3) eliminating the echoes until the achievement of a fitting error (known) <5% (final_thres T2*).Results
For the T2*-NoFS sequence the original T2* values were significantly higher than the final_vis T2* values (difference:4.8 ± 6.1 ms; P < 0.0001) and the final_thres T2* values (difference:4.3 ± 6.1 ms; P = 0.006). For the T2*-FS sequence the original T2* values were comparable to final_vis and final_thres T2* values. The original T2*-FS values were significantly different from the original T2*-NoFS values. The final_vis T2*-FS values were comparable to the final_vis T2*-NoFS values and the final_thresh T2*-FS values were comparable to the final_thresh T2*-NoFS values. For both T2*-FS and T2*-NoFS sequences, the final_thres T2* values were not significantly different from the final_vis T2* values and no bias was present.Conclusions
In the clinical practice, an accurate pancreatic iron overload assessment should be done by applying FS and, when needed, by discarding the TEs until the fitting error goes below 5%.75.
A case of possible recurrent Cushing’s disease (CD) is presented and data on current definitions of CD remission, persistence, and recurrence are reviewed. While prevailing guidelines recommend the use of serum cortisol in the first post-operative week for defining initial remission and predicting sustained remission, with the use of 24 h urinary free cortisol measurements if serum cortisol values are equivocal, there is debate as to which methods and thresholds best define CD remission and predict successful outcomes. Other methods used to define remission (and hence persistence and recurrence) include restoration of cortisol suppression after dexamethasone and physiologic diurnal cortisol rhythm as measured by midnight salivary free cortisol. However, the number and degree of abnormal test results needed to define recurrence, and the determination of which biochemical test has more significance when there are discrepancies between markers is inconsistent among studies. Further inquiry is warranted to examine if patients in apparent CD remission who have subtle hypothalamic pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis abnormalities represent distinctive remission subtypes versus mild or early recurrence. Additional investigation could also explore the degree to which these HPA axis abnormalities, such as alterations in cortisol circadian rhythm or partial resistance to dexamethasone, are associated with persistence of CD morbidities, including neuropsychiatric impairments, alterations in body composition, and cardiovascular risk. 相似文献
76.
Background: Tidal expiratory flow limitation (EFL) is a step of paramount importance in the functional decline in COPD. Among mechanisms contributing to EFL, loss of airway-parenchymal interdependence could mostly be involved. Aim: To assess if EFL is a functional marker more frequently linked to prevalent pulmonary emphysema rather than to prevalent chronic bronchiolitis in COPD patients with moderate-to-severe airflow obstruction. Methods: Forty consecutive stable COPD patients with FEV1 between 59 and 30% of predicted were functionally evaluated by measuring spirometry, maximal flow-volume curve and lung diffusion capacity (DLCO) and coefficient of diffusion (KCO). EFL was assessed by the negative expiratory pressure (NEP) method both in sitting and supine position. Chronic dyspnea was also scored by modified Medical Research Council (mMRC) scale. Results: In sitting position 13 patients (33%) were flow limited (FL) and 27 were non-flow limited (NFL). Only FEV1/FVC, FEV1 and MEF25–75% were different between FL and NFL patients (p < 0.01). In supine position, however, among NFL patients in sitting position those who developed EFL, had significantly lower values of DLCO and KCO (p < 0.05) and higher mMRC score (p < 0.01), but similar values of FEV1 as compared to those who did not have EFL. Conclusions: In COPD EFL in sitting position is highly dependent by the severity of airflow obstruction. In contrast, the occurrence of EFL in supine position is associated with worse DLCO and KCO and greater chronic dyspnea, reflecting a prevalent emphysematous phenotype in moderate-to-severe COPD patients. 相似文献
77.
Simona Attardo Viveksandeep Thoguluva Chandrasekar Marco Spadaccini Roberta Maselli Harsh K Patel Madhav Desai Antonio Capogreco Matteo Badalamenti Piera Alessia Galtieri Gaia Pellegatta Alessandro Fugazza Silvia Carrara rea Anderloni Pietro Occhipinti Cesare Hassan Prateek Sharma Alessandro Repici 《World journal of gastroenterology : WJG》2020,26(37):5606-5616
Several studies have shown a significant adenoma miss rate up to 35% during screening colonoscopy, especially in patients with diminutive adenomas. The use of artificial intelligence(AI) in colonoscopy has been gaining popularity by helping endoscopists in polyp detection, with the aim to increase their adenoma detection rate(ADR) and polyp detection rate(PDR) in order to reduce the incidence of interval cancers. The efficacy of deep convolutional neural network(DCNN)-based AI system for polyp detection has been trained and tested in ex vivo settings such as colonoscopy still images or videos. Recent trials have evaluated the real-time efficacy of DCNN-based systems showing promising results in term of improved ADR and PDR. In this review we reported data from the preliminary ex vivo experiences and summarized the results of the initial randomized controlled trials. 相似文献
78.
Massimiliano Veroux Daniela Corona Nunziata Sinagra Alessia Giaquinta Domenico Zerbo Burcin Ekser Giuseppe Giuffrida Pietro Caglià Riccardo Gula Vincenzo Ardita Pierfrancesco Veroux 《World journal of gastroenterology : WJG》2014,20(11):2801-2809
The increasing demand for organ donors to supply the increasing number of patients on kidney waiting lists has led to most transplant centers developing protocols that allow safe utilization from donors with special clini cal situations which previously were regarded as contra indications.Deceased donors with previous hepatitis C infection may represent a safe resource to expand the donor pool.When allocated to serology-matched recipi ents,kidney transplantation from donors with hepatitis C may result in an excellent short-term outcome and a significant reduction of time on the waiting list.Specia care must be dedicated to the pre-transplant evaluation of potential candidates,particularly with regard to live functionality and evidence of liver histological damage such as cirrhosis,that could be a contraindication to transplantation.Pre-transplant antiviral therapy could be useful to reduce the viral load and to improve the long-term results,which may be affected by the progression of liver disease in the recipients.An accurate selection of both donor and recipient is mandatory to achieve a satisfactory long-term outcome. 相似文献
79.
Alessia Rosetti Rosella Ferretti Leo Zanitti Adriano Casulli Claudio Villani Roberto Cirilli 《Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis》2020,10(6):610-616
A direct enantio-, diastereo-, and chemo-selective high-performance liquid chromatographic method was developed for determining the content, enantiomeric purity, and related substances of the chiral antidepressant drug sertraline HCl in a single chromatographic run. The separation was achieved on a chiral stationary phase based on amylose tris(3-chloro-5-methylphenylcarbamate) under reversed-phase conditions. The method was optimized by evaluating the influence of the temperature and mobile phase composition on the retention and selectivity. The application of the single-run approach allowed to baseline resolve all investigated species in less than 15 min, without using buffers or tandem-coupled columns. The chromatographic method was validated according to the guidelines of the Official Medicines Control Laboratory and applied to control the content of sertraline HCl and related chiral substances in a generic antidepressant formulation. 相似文献
80.
Adriano Schimmenti Alessia Passanisi Alessia Maria Gervasi Sergio Manzella Francesca Isabella Famà 《Child psychiatry and human development》2014,45(5):588-595
Studies on the role played by attachment attitudes among late adolescents who show Problematic Internet Use (PIU) are still lacking. Three self-report measures concerning attachment attitudes, childhood experiences of abuse, and Internet addiction were administered to 310 students (49 % males) aged 18–19 attending the last year of high school. Students who screened positive for PIU were more likely to be male and to have suffered childhood experiences of physical and sexual abuse; they also scored higher than the other participants on scales assessing anxious and avoidant attachment attitudes. A logistic regression showed that the classification of participants in the PIU group was predicted by male gender, having suffered from physical and sexual abuse in childhood, and preoccupation with relationships. Keeping constant the effects of gender and childhood experiences of abuse in the equation model, increasing values of preoccupation with relationships were reflected by an exponential growth in the probability curve for PIU classification. Findings of the study support the hypothesis that insecure attachment attitudes (particularly the preoccupation with relationships) are involved in the development of PIU among late adolescents. 相似文献