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91.
Pecorara M; Casarino L; Mori PG; Morfini M; Mancuso G; Scrivano AM; Boeri E; Molinari AC; De Biasi R; Ciavarella N 《Blood》1987,70(2):531-535
In this study, we used DNA polymorphisms for carrier detection and prenatal diagnosis of hemophilia A in a large group of Italian families. The restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) investigated were the intragenic polymorphic Bc/I site within the factor VIII gene; the extragenic multiallelic Taq I system at the St14 locus; and the extragenic Bg/II site at the DX13 locus. The factor VIII probe was informative in 30%, St14 in 82%, and DX13 in 60% of obligate carriers. The combination of factor VIII-Bc/I and St14-Taq I showed that 91% of obligate carriers were heterozygotes for one or both; with all three probes, only 4% of obligate carriers were noninformative. In families clearly segregating for hemophilia A, RFLP analysis allowed us to define the carrier status for the hemophilia A gene in all 27 women tested. RFLP analysis allowed us to exclude the carrier status in 39 of 45 female relatives of sporadic patients. The combination of RFLP analysis and biological assay of factor VIII allowed us to identify a de novo mutation in the maternal grandfather in 7 of 12 of the families with sporadic cases, for which members of three generations were available for study. Nine of 10 couples requesting prenatal diagnosis provided informative RFLP DNA pattern. Carrier status was excluded in two women, two fetuses were shown to be female, and prenatal diagnosis was carried out in five pregnancies by DNA analysis. Prenatal testing was successful in three instances and failed in two because a sufficient amount of chorionic villous DNA was not obtained for the analysis. 相似文献
92.
Nonhomogeneous distribution of leukemia in the bone marrow during minimal residual disease 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
In a rat model (BNML) for human acute myelocytic leukemia the distribution of leukemic cells in bone marrow samples from various sites was investigated, using monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) and flow cytometry. Rats were studied before chemotherapy as well as thereafter, ie, in the "minimal residual disease" (MRD) phase. Bone marrow from different types of bones was analyzed from each animal. Before treatment, the ratio of the measured extreme values (ie, highest/lowest value) for leukemic cell frequencies in bones from individual rats ranged from 3.7 to 11.7. During the MRD phase the ratios of the extremes ranged from a factor of 36 to more than 13,000 from one rat to another. The variability between bones of comparable size was estimated by studying the ribs from each individual animal. Within individuals the extremes differed by a factor of 1.2 to 4.0 before chemotherapy and from 2.4 to greater than 320 after chemotherapy. The variability within the marrow cavity of a single bone was determined by analyzing multiple samples from femoral bones cut into slices. The leukemic cell frequency appeared to vary considerably, ie, before treatment from 1.7 to 7.3 and during MRD from 4 to 28,000. The presented data may contribute to understanding the sometimes conflicting observations in leukemic patients. Improvement of methods for detecting MRD will not automatically lead to a more accurate estimation of the total tumor burden. The reliability of diagnoses based on the analysis of single bone marrow aspirates appears to be highly questionable. 相似文献
93.
RG Lee K Nakamura AC Tsamandas K Abu-Elmagd H Furukawa WR Hutson J Reyes JS Tabasco-Minguillan S Todo AJ Demetris 《Gastroenterology》1996,110(6):1820-1834
BACKGROUND & AIMS: Intestinal transplantation is a developing therapeutic option for patients with irreversible intestinal failure or short bowel syndrome. The aim of this study was to delineate the histopathology of human intestinal allografts and to define the features of intestinal rejection. METHODS: The histological features of 3015 endoscopic biopsy specimens and 23 allograft specimens from 62 intestinal recipients were analyzed retrospectively and correlated with clinical findings. RESULTS: Acute allograft rejection was characterized by a varying combination of crypt injury, mucosal infiltration primarily by mononuclear cells (including blastic lymphocytes), and increased crypt cell apoptosis (more than 2 per 10 crypts). It represented a patchy, often ileal-centered process that could progress to mucosal ulceration; later episodes (more than 100 days posttransplant) tended to show lesser cellular infiltration and greater apoptosis than earlier episodes. Correlation with clinical rejection was good (false-positive rate of 9%; false-negative rate of 26%). Two resected specimens showed obliterative arteriopathy indicative of chronic rejection. In other specimens, preservation injury, cytomegalovirus infection, post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder, and nonspecific features of active or past mucosal injury could be recognized. CONCLUSIONS: Mucosal biopsy specimens are a useful means of monitoring intestinal allografts. Based on features validated by clinical correlation, acute rejection can be identified reliably and can be differentiated from the other pathological processes affecting the intestinal allograft. (Gastroenterology 1996 Jun;110(6):1820-34) 相似文献
94.
AC Chambers AV Patil R Alves JC Hopkins J Armstrong RN Lawrence 《Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons of England》2012,94(8):548-551
INTRODUCTION
Vernix caseosa peritonitis (VCP) is a rare and poorly recognised condition resulting from a sustained foreign body reaction to the vernix caseosa of the baby. This case-based review aims to highlight its importance for any medical team managing patients with peritonitis who have undergone a recent Caesarean section.CASE REPORT
A 31-year-old woman presented 5 weeks after a Caesarean section with symptoms and signs of peritonitis.CONCLUSIONS
Laparotomy and peritoneal lavage is the mainstay of treatment for VCP. Knowledge of the condition may stop inadvertent resection of normal intra-abdominal organs. Greater awareness of VCP is required to ensure earlier recognition as patients can recover well following timely operative intervention. 相似文献95.
96.
Cerebral blood flow relationships associated with a difficult tone recognition task in trained normal volunteers 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
Holcomb HH; Medoff DR; Caudill PJ; Zhao Z; Lahti AC; Dannals RF; Tamminga CA 《Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991)》1998,8(6):534-542
Tone recognition is partially subserved by neural activity in the right
frontal and primary auditory cortices. First we determined the brain areas
associated with tone perception and recognition. This study then examined
how regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in these and other brain regions
correlates with the behavioral characteristics of a difficult tone
recognition task. rCBF changes were assessed using H2(15)O positron
emission tomography. Subtraction procedures were used to localize
significant change regions and correlational analyses were applied to
determine how response times (RT) predicted rCBF patterns. Twelve trained
normal volunteers were studied in three conditions: REST, sensory motor
control (SMC) and decision (DEC). The SMC-REST contrast revealed bilateral
activation of primary auditory cortices, cerebellum and bilateral inferior
frontal gyri. DEC-SMC produced significant clusters in the right middle and
inferior frontal gyri, insula and claustrum; the anterior cingulate gyrus
and supplementary motor area; the left insula/claustrum; and the left
cerebellum. Correlational analyses, RT versus rCBF from DEC scans, showed a
positive correlation in right inferior and middle frontal cortex; rCBF in
bilateral auditory cortices and cerebellum exhibited significant negative
correlations with RT These changes suggest that neural activity in the
right frontal, superior temporal and cerebellar regions shifts back and
forth in magnitude depending on whether tone recognition RT is relatively
fast or slow, during a difficult, accurate assessment.
相似文献
97.
98.
99.
黄高升 《中国医学科学杂志(英文版)》1994,9(1):16-19
CORRELATIONBETWEENTHENUMBEROFMITOTICFIGURESANDTHEPERCENTAGEOFKi67-POSITIVECELLS INNON-HODGKIN’SLYMPHOMASHuangGaosheng;(黄高升)Fe... 相似文献
100.
AM Gardier I. Malagié AC Trillat C. Jacquot and F. Artigas 《Fundamental & clinical pharmacology》1996,10(1):16-27
Summary— Although a new generation of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) has been introduced in therapeutics as antidepressant drugs, a two to four week lag period still occurs between starting treatment with SSRIs and the onset of therapeutic effects in man. In vivo cerebral microdialysis can be used to measure extracellular concentrations of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT), which reflect intrasynaptic events. With the coupling of this new experimental method to very sensitive analytical assays such as liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection, it has recently been possible to obtain two major arguments supporting the hypothesis that somatodendritic 5-HT1A autoreceptors situated in the raphe nuclei play an important role in the mechanism of action of SSRIs. First, in the rat, single administration of SSRIs at low doses comparable to those used therapeutically increases extracellular 5-HT concentrations in the vicinity of the cell body and the dendrites of serotoninergic neurones of the raphe nuclei. This effect is more marked than that observed in regions rich in nerve endings (frontal cortex). The magnitude of the activation of the serotoninergic neurotransmission depends on the brain area studied and the dose of the SSRIs administered to rats. This could be explained by simultaneous activation of somatodendritic 5-HT1A autoreceptors by endogenous 5-HT in the raphe nuclei, thereby limiting the corticofrontal effects of the antidepressant. Second, SSRIs cause a larger increase in extracellular 5-HT concentrations in the nerve endings when administered chronically: 5-HT autoreceptors may have gradually desensitized during the 2–4 weeks of treatment with SSRIs. Preliminary studies of patients with depression appear to confirm these experimental results, as co-administration of a 5-HT1A autoreceptor antagonist and a SSRI accelerated the onset of the antidepressant effect (< 1 week). 相似文献