冠心病合并糖尿病老年患者冠状动脉介入治疗后护理干预效果分析

目的 探讨护理干预对冠心病合并糖尿病冠脉介入(PCI)治疗后患者焦虑抑郁情绪、生活质量及血糖的影响.方法 收集2012年6月至2014年9月收治的冠心病合并糖尿病PCI治疗后的患者共130例,随机分为观察组与对照组,每组65例.对照组实行一般常规的护理,观察组实行综合措施的护理干预,内容包括健康教育、心理干预、饮食指导及介入治疗后康复.2组患者在干预前后进行焦虑自评量表(SAS)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)以及生活质量评价量表(SF-36)的评分,观察记录随访血糖控制效果.结果 2组患者入院时SAS、SDS及SF-36的量表评分基线比较,无统计学意义(P>0.05).与对照组相比,观察组护理干预后SAS、SDS以及SF-36的得分明显改善(P<0.05);而且护理干预能明显改善空腹血糖、餐后2 h血糖及糖化血红蛋白的控制效果(t=2.142,P=0.034;t=13.109,P<0.01;t=12.372,P<0.01).结论 对冠心病合并糖尿病PCI介入治疗后进行护理干预可以改善患者的焦虑、抑郁情绪,提高生活质量,提高血糖的控制效果.     

联合用药治疗急性脑梗死的临床研究

目的运用丹红注射液(菏泽步长制药厂)、黄芪注射液联合治疗急性脑梗死,观察其疗效。方法 78例发病在1周以内的脑梗死患者,随机分为黄芪、丹红治疗组(简称治疗组39例)和血塞通组(简称对照组,39例),进行临床观察。结果治疗组总有效率92.3%,明显高于对照组66.7%。结论丹红、黄芪注射液联合应用补气活血优于单纯活血化瘀之血塞通注射液,可明显改变临床症状。     

抗栓胶囊治疗糖尿病合并后循环缺血60例临床观察

后循环缺血是中老年人的常见病和多发病,同时也是后循环脑梗死的危险信号,但它是一种可以控制的脑血管病,它的发病基础复杂,目前尚未完全清楚.患有糖尿病者发生后循环缺血的病例增多,症状期延长,我院使用抗栓胶囊治疗取得了较好的临床疗效,现报告如下.     

代谢综合征患者胰岛素抵抗与冠状动脉粥样病变的关系

目的探讨代谢综合征患者胰岛素抵抗与冠状动脉病变的关系。方法对2009年1月至2010年7月期间至我科就诊的137例存在发作性胸痛症状,临床怀疑冠心病的患者按照代谢综合征诊断标准分为代谢综合征组和非代谢综合征组。对上述病例进行冠状动脉造影,同时测他们的胰岛素抵抗指数。将上述结果进行组内及组间统计学分析。结果代谢综合征组中胰岛素抵抗指数与病变类型的比较表明,代谢综合征组B型及C型病变的发生例数明显增多。胰岛素抵抗指数与冠状动脉病变严重程度之间明显相关。非代谢综合征组虽然也有类似趋势但统计学无明显差异。结论胰岛素抵抗指数可以作为预测代谢综合征患者合并冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病患者冠状动脉病变严重程度的预测指标。     

螺内酯对急性前壁心肌梗死心室重构的影响

目的观察螺内酯对急性前壁心肌梗死（AMI）患者左室舒缩功能及血浆PⅢNP、BNP浓度水平的影响。方法将77例急性前壁心梗患者随机分为常规治疗组（38例）和螺内酯组（39例）,治疗前及治疗后3个月应用酶联免疫吸附法测定血浆Ⅲ型前胶原氨基末端肽（PⅢNP）及BNP含量,用超声心动图测量左室结构及舒缩功能参数,另设稳定性冠心病对照组测定冠心病患者血浆Ⅲ型前胶原氨基末端肽（PⅢNP）及BNP含量的基线值。结果两组AMI患者在治疗后3个月LVEDd、LVEF及LVFS与治疗初比较有明显改善（P〈0.05）,而螺内酯组较常规治疗组改善更明显（P〈0.05）。急性前壁心梗患者血浆BNP及PⅢNP水平均显著高于稳定性冠心病对照组,治疗3个月时血浆BNP及PⅢNP水平均有明显下降,而螺内酯组与常规治疗组同期比较下降更明显（P〈0.05）。结论急性前壁心肌梗死患者早期在常规治疗基础上联合小剂量醛固酮受体拮抗剂,可进一步抑制左室的扩张和纤维化,一定程度上减轻左室重构的发生发展。     

比索洛尔干预扩张型心肌病患者心率震荡和恶性室性心律失常的研究

目的 观察B1受体阻滞剂比索洛尔干预扩张型心肌病(DCM)患者心率震荡和恶性室性心律失常的效应.方法 选择伴有室性心律失常的DCM患者65例,完全随机分为2组:治疗组45例予比索洛尔,对照组20例予安慰剂.2组分别在开始服用比索洛尔或安慰剂前24 h以及连续服用比索洛尔或安慰剂28 d后行动态心电图检查.2组均在行动态心电图检查后计算窦性心率震荡的初始值(TO)和斜率(TS),统计发生恶性室性心律失常的患者数.结果 对照组服用安慰剂前后TO、TS以及恶性室性心律失常发生率均无明显变化(均P＞0.05);治疗组患者口服比索洛尔后与服用前比较,恶性室性心律失常发生率明显减少(22.2%比40.0%,P＜0.05),TO明显降低[(1.3±0.5)%比(1.8±0.5)%,P＜0.01],TS明显增加[(2.5±0.6)ms/R-R比(2.1±0.5)ms/R-R,P＜0.01].结论 β1受体阻滞剂比索洛尔能够减少DCM恶性室性心律失常的发生率,改善心率震荡参数.     

冠心病心绞痛患者体内纤溶系统的变化及临床意义

目的 探讨冠心病心绞痛患者体内纤溶系统的变化并分析其临床意义.方法 对110例冠心病心绞痛患者体内的纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂-1(PAI-1)、组织型纤溶酶原激活剂(t-PA)、纤维蛋白原(FIB)水平进行检测,并与20例正常对照者进行对照.结果 冠心病组PAI-1、FIB水平分别为(400±90)AU/L,(4.80±1.1)g/L,明显高于对照组[分别为(260±80)AU/L,(3.6±1.0)g/L,均P＜0.05];冠心病组t-PA水平为(240±70)IU/L,明显低于对照组[(290±90)IU/L,P＜0.01)].不稳定型心绞痛患者(70例)PAI-1、FIB水平明显高于稳定型心绞痛患者(40例,均P＜0.05);不稳定型心绞痛患者t-PA水平明显低于稳定型心绞痛患者(P＜0.01).心绞痛发作者(64例)PAI-1、FIB明显高于无心绞痛发作者(46例,均P＜0.05);而t-PA水平明显低于无心绞痛发作者(P＜0.01).结论 冠心病心绞痛患者体内存在纤溶系统功能异常,尤其是在不稳定型心绞痛患者或心绞痛发作者体内更加明显,纤溶系统功能异常可能在冠心病心绞痛发病过程中起重要的作用.

Abstract：

Objective To observe the changes and the clinical significance of fibrinolysis in coronary heart disease(CHD) patients with angina pactoris (AP). Methods Levels of plasmin plasminogen activator inhibitor-1(PAI-1), tissue-type plasminogen activator( t-PA), fibrinogen (FIB)in 110 CHD patients with AP and 20 normal cases as control group were analyzed. Results Levels of PAI-1, FIB in CHD patients with AP[(260 ± 8 ) AU/L,(3.6 ± 1.0) g/L] were significantly higher than those in control cases [(260 ± 8 ) AU/L, (3.6 ± 1.0 ) g/L], and those of t-PA were significantly lower than those in control cases. Level of t-PA in patients with coronary heart disease [(240 ± 7) IU/L] was significantly lower than that in the control group[(290 ± 9) IU/L,P ＜ 0. 01]. Levels of PAI-1 ,FIB in unstable angina(UA) patients with UA heart events were significantly higher than those in patients with stable angina (SA). Level of t-PA in patients with UA was significantly lower than that in patients with SA (P ＜0. 01 ). Levels of PAI-1, FIB in patients with AP events were significantly higher than those in patients without AP events. Levels of t-PA in patients with AP were significantly lower than those in patients without AP events.Conclusions There is abnormal fibrinolysis function in CHD patients with AP, specially in patients with UA or with AP events, which might be play an important rule in coronary heart disease (CHD) patients with angina pactoris.     

血清肌钙蛋白T测定对不稳定型心绞痛患预后的评估

目的 探讨肌钙蛋白T在不稳定型心绞痛中的诊断和预后判断价值.方法 选择98例不稳定型心绞痛(UAP)患者和100例稳定型心绞痛(SAP)患者,分别在入院后0～4 h及12～24 h检测血清肌钙蛋白T(cTnT)水平,并随访其血清cTnT水平与6个月内急性心脏事件发生之间的关系.结果 不稳定型心绞痛患者血清cTnT阳性率明显高于稳定型心绞痛患者[46.9%(46/98)比2%(2/100)],Braunwald 3级者cTnT阳性率(27例,84.4%)高于2级者(16例,47.1%)和l级者(3例,9.4%),血清cTnT阳性者6个月内急性心脏事件发生率明显高于血清cTnT阴性者[19例比l例].结论 检测血清cTnT水平对于分析不稳定型心绞痛患者的病情严重程度,判断其预后具有重要意义.

Abstract：

Objective To study the diagnostic and prognostic value of troponin T(cTnT) in patients with unstable angina pectoris(UAP). Methods Totally 98 cases of patients with UAP and 100 cases patients with stable angina pectoris(SAP) were selected, their levels of cTnT were measured respectively at 0-4 hours and 12-24 hours after hospitalization, and the relationship between their cTnT levels and the occurrences of acute heart events within 6 months was observed in follow-up. Results Positive rates of the serum of cTnT in patients with UAP were significantly higher than those in patients with SAP, and those of the serum of cTnT in Braunwald grade 3 were also significantly higher than those in grade 2 and grade 1. The rates of acute heart events in patients with positive cTnT were significantly higher than those with negative cTnT. Conclusion There were an important roles in measuring the serum of cTnT at evaluate the pathogenesis of UAP and its prognostic states.     

比索洛尔干预扩张型心肌病患者心率震荡和恶性室性心律失常的研究

目的 观察B1受体阻滞剂比索洛尔干预扩张型心肌病(DCM)患者心率震荡和恶性室性心律失常的效应.方法 选择伴有室性心律失常的DCM患者65例,完全随机分为2组:治疗组45例予比索洛尔,对照组20例予安慰剂.2组分别在开始服用比索洛尔或安慰剂前24 h以及连续服用比索洛尔或安慰剂28 d后行动态心电图检查.2组均在行动态心电图检查后计算窦性心率震荡的初始值(TO)和斜率(TS),统计发生恶性室性心律失常的患者数.结果 对照组服用安慰剂前后TO、TS以及恶性室性心律失常发生率均无明显变化(均P＞0.05);治疗组患者口服比索洛尔后与服用前比较,恶性室性心律失常发生率明显减少(22.2%比40.0%,P＜0.05),TO明显降低[(1.3±0.5)%比(1.8±0.5)%,P＜0.01],TS明显增加[(2.5±0.6)ms/R-R比(2.1±0.5)ms/R-R,P＜0.01].结论 β1受体阻滞剂比索洛尔能够减少DCM恶性室性心律失常的发生率,改善心率震荡参数.

Abstract：

Objective To observe the effect of bisoprolol on heart rate turbulence (HRT) and malignant ventricular arrhythmia(MVA) in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). Methods Forty-five DCM patients with premature ventricular beats were chosen as treatment group, and 20 cases were enrolled as control group. Both groups were given with bisoprolol or placebo for 28 days. All patients were examined with ambulatory electrocardiogram monitoring for twenty-four hours before and after bisoprolol or placebo was administered for 28 days. The number of patients with MVA, turbulence onset (TO) and turbulence slope (TS) were analyzed. Results After bisoprolol was administered for 28 days in patients with DCM, the number of patients with MVA decreased by 17.8%.TO decreased, and TS increased. Conclusion Bisoprolol can reduce the incidence of MVA and improve HRT in patients with DCM.     

窦房文氏传导的3:2与2:1交替1例

患者,女,38岁.因反复咽部不适伴咳嗽2周,心慌、胸闷2 d拟“病毒性心肌炎”收住院.心电图示窦房结及心室节律均有变化.图1显示心电图Ⅱ导联描记情况,分析其有以下规律性变化:①每隔4个QRS波或每隔3个P波均规律性重复出现,其间期为800×5＝4 000 ms;②P-P间期长短不一,但均有规律性重复出现;③R-R间期长短不一,且QRS波形态稍有变化,但也均有规律性的重复出现.