依达拉奉对中、重型颅脑外伤患者血清神经元特异性烯醇化酶和S100β蛋白浓度的影响

目的 探讨新型氧自由基清除剂依达拉奉对中、重型颅脑外伤患者血清神经元特异性烯醇化酶(neuron-specific enolase,NSE)和S100β蛋白浓度的影响.方法 选取中、重型颅脑外伤手术患者90例,将患者分为对照组(A组)、手术后应用依达拉奉组(B组)和手术前应用依达拉奉组(C组),各组30例,同时取门诊健康体检者20例作为健康对照组.采用ELISA法测定各组入院时以及手术后1,3,5,7 d外周静脉血血清NSE和S100β浓度.结果 A组、B组租C组患者血清NSE和S100β蛋白浓度在入院时及手术后1,3,5,7 d明显高于健康对照组,并在手术后第1天达高峰(P＜0.05).术后第1天,C组与对照组、A组、B组比较,血清NSE和S100β蛋白浓度降低(P＜0.05);A组与B组之间差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).术后第3,5,7天,C组与A组比较,血清NSE和S100β蛋白浓度降低(P＜0.05);C组与B组比较,重型患者血清NSE和S100β蛋白浓度降低(P＜0.05),但中型患者血清NSE和S100β蛋白浓度差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);B组与A组比较,血清NSE和S100β蛋白浓度降低(P＜0.05).结论 依达拉奉能有效降低中、重型颅脑外伤手术患者血清NSE和S100β蛋白浓度,越早使用降低越明显,特别是对于重型颅脑外伤手术患者,手术前应用依达拉奉能更有效地降低血清NSE和S100β蛋白浓度.

Abstract：

Objective To evaluate the effect of edaravone on moderate and severe brain injury patients by observing the change of the serum neuron-specific enolase ( NSE) and S100β protein. Methods A total of 90 patients with acute moderate and severe brain injury were selected and randomly divided into three groups, ie, control group (Group A), postoperative edaravone treatment group (Group B) and preoperative edaravone treatment group (Group C), 30 patients per group. In the meantime, 20 normal persons were set as the healthy control group. The concentrations of serum NSE and S100β protein of each group was measured by using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ( ELISA) on admission and at days 1,3,5 and 7 after operation. Results The serum NSE and S100β protein levels in the Group A, B and C was higher than that in the healthy group on admission and at days 1,3,5 and 7 postoperatively and reached the peak at day 1 after operation (P ＜0.05). The level of serum NSE and S100β protein in the Group C was lower than that in the healthy group, Group A and Group B at day 1 postoperatively (P＜0.05), with no statistical difference between Group B and Group A at day 1 postoperatively (P ＞0.05). The serum NSE and S100β protein levels in the Group C was lower than that in the Group A at days 3, 5 and 7 postoperatively (P ＜0.05). The serum NSE and S100β protein levels in the Group C with severe brain injury was lower than that in the Group B at days 3, 5 and 7 postoperatively (P ＜ 0.05), but there was no statistical difference in moderate injury group between Croup C and Group B. The serum NSE and S100β levels in the Group B was lower than that in the Group A at days 3, 5 and 7 postoperatively ( P ＜ 0. 05). Conclusions Edaravone can effectively reduce the serum NSE and S100β levels in the moderate and severe brain injury patients after operation. The earlier use of edaravone may beget the more significant effect, especially in patients with severe brain injury. The application of edaravone before operation can more effectively reduce the concentration of serum NSE and S100β protein.     

脊髓损伤基因治疗的研究现状及应用前景

基因治疗(gene therapy)是当前生物医学发展较快的领域.基因治疗在脊髓损伤(spinal cord injury,SCI)后轴突再生中亦可望成为有效的手段之一[1～4].     

转入pSVPoMcat微基因的雪旺氏细胞在鼠脊髓内存活及基因表达

目的 探讨pSVPoMcat微基因修饰的雪旺氏细胞在鼠脊髓内存活及基因表达。方法 将3～4月龄的胎儿雪旺氏细胞(Schwann.cell,SC)以1×10~6密度在培养皿中培养24～48h,用阳离子脂质体介导技术将带有人Po-5’-flanking介导的髓鞘碱性蛋白微基因(pSVPoMcat)的质粒DNA导入这些培养的SC。3～5天后,将经转基因的SC(2.5×10~5 cells/ul)移植到半横断损伤的成鼠脊髓中。术后12周,对实验3组动物进行S-100蛋白,MBP免疫细胞化学染色及DIG标记的hMBPE_2cRNA探针的原位杂交测定。结果 采用脂质体对体外培养的SC的基因转染率可达68％;3月后,pSVPoMcat修饰的SC在宿主体内仍存活并表达外源基因。结论 SC是表达外源性基因的良好载体细胞,而阳离子脂质体是转基因的有效介导物,pSVPoMcat微基因表达产物对SC的生长有促进作用。它们为脊髓损伤的基因治疗提供了可行途径。     

基于分子模拟原理的胶质瘤疫苗在C6／SD大鼠模型中的研究

目的 探讨分子模拟疫苗对C6/SD大鼠胶质瘤模型治疗的效果与机制.方法 混合同种异基因型的9L胶质瘤细胞及其裂解物与同基因型的C6胶质瘤细胞裂解物配制分子模拟疫苗.以C6胶质瘤细胞植入SD大鼠颅内建立动物模型.39只大鼠按随机数字表法随机分为10万治疗组、20万治疗组、对照组（每组13只）.造模后8d皮下接种疫苗,观察生存时间.造模后7、14、21、28、35、70 d行MRI检查并计算肿瘤体积.造模后20 d,每组随机选取3只大鼠行HE染色和免疫组织化学染色检测,分析Fascin、HS1、MMP-2、Podoplanin、CD4、CD8的表达.结果 10万治疗组和20万治疗组的生存时间（分别为29.0 d、47.5d）较对照组延长（18.5 d）,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）,而2个治疗组的生存时间差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;2个治疗组的肿瘤体积呈先增大,再逐渐缩小.在造模后的14 d和21 d,2个治疗组肿瘤的平均体积[14 d为（220.68 ± 45.92） mm3、（164.98 ±45.36）mm3;21 d为（426.48±39.69） mm3、（376.23±43.89） mm3]均小于对照组[14 d为（265.30±40.57） mm3、21 d为（515.64±15.28）mm3],差异均有统计学意义（均P ＜0.05）;2个治疗组的肿瘤体积均数之间差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;造模后20d,治疗组胶质瘤细胞密度低于对照组;治疗组Fascin、HS1、MMP-2、Podoplanin的表达低于对照组;治疗组CD4、CD8的表达高于对照组.结论 分子模拟疫苗能诱导荷瘤大鼠产生针对颅内胶质瘤的免疫反应,从而减小肿瘤体积,降低肿瘤侵袭力,延长大鼠的生存时间.     

单侧翼点入路一期治疗双侧后交通动脉动脉瘤的疗效分析

目的探讨经单侧翼点入路一期显微外科手术夹闭颅内双侧后交通动脉动脉瘤（BPcoAA）的可行性及手术效果。方法回顾性分析28例BPcoAA患者的临床资料,对所有患者均行头部CT扫描、三维CT血管成像（3D—CTA）检查。全部经一侧翼点入路行开颅显微外科手术夹闭BPcoAA。术后随访6个月至3年,复查头部3D—CTA及患者的一般情况,并以格拉斯哥预后（GOS）评分评估预后。结果（1）3D—CTA术前良好显示28例的56个动脉瘤,动脉瘤被完全夹闭的有24例,对侧动脉瘤夹闭不完全的有3例,入路侧动脉瘤夹闭不完全的有1例,无一例死亡。术中入路侧动脉瘤破裂的有8例。②术后7例出现脑积水,5例人路侧及3例对侧发生脑血管痉挛,3例发生肺部感染,2例对侧动眼神经损伤。③平均随访1．7年。GOS评分：5分10例,4分7例,3分9例,2分2例。无动脉瘤复发及新动脉瘤形成,动脉瘤夹闭不全者无再发破裂出血。结论根据3D—CTA检查,采取单侧翼点入路,针对视交叉位置及对侧动脉瘤的指向,一期显微夹闭BPcoAA是安全可行的。     

TNF-α与Ca2+在大鼠创伤性脑水肿中的相关性研究

目的 探讨肿瘤坏死因子α( TNF-α)与Ca2+在颅脑创伤后脑水肿中的相关性及两者在脑水肿中与水通道蛋白4(AQP-4)可能存在的影响关系.方法 采用自由落体打击法制造颅脑创伤动物模型,按处理方式分为4组:空白对照组、单纯处理组、环戊苯吡酮( TNF-α抑制剂)处理组、尼莫地平(Ca2+通道阻滞剂)处理组,均采用Western blot法及mRNA PCR法检测各组脑组织中TNF-α、AQP-4表达量及用比色法检测脑组织细胞内Ca2+含量,同时影像学检测各组大鼠创伤后脑水肿程度.结果 ① 颅脑创伤后单纯处理组脑组织中TNF-α、AQP-4表达量及Ca2+含量明显较空白对照组增加,影像学提示脑水肿明显;② 环戊苯吡酮处理组与单纯处理组比较,大鼠脑组织中TNF-α、AQP-4 表达量明显降低,脑组织细胞内 Ca2+含量也下降,影像学提示脑水肿存在,但较单纯处理组大鼠脑水肿轻;③ 尼莫地平处理组与单纯处理组比较,大鼠脑组织细胞内Ca2+含量明显降低,AQP-4表达量明显降低,而TNF-α表达量无明显变化,影像学提示脑水肿存在,但较单纯处理组大鼠脑水肿较轻;④ 环戊苯吡酮处理组大鼠与尼莫地平处理组大鼠比较,经Ca2+通道阻滞剂处理后大鼠脑水肿稍轻,但差异不明显.结论 颅脑创伤后脑组织中 TNF-α 表达量及 Ca2+含量明显增加, TNF-α及Ca2+参与脑组织水肿发生,且在创伤后脑水肿中TNF-α可能为Ca2+上游信号,TNF-α可能是通过影响脑细胞钙超载从而参与创伤后脑水肿的发生.     

对117例老年颅脑损伤患者致伤原因的分析

本文回顾分析我院1995年以来收治60-94岁资料完整的老年颅脑损伤病人117例,旨在从致伤原因中找出相应的预防措施,为老年人的预防保健提供可靠依据。现报告如下:     

应用MRI和电镜观察pSVPoMact微基因修饰雪氏细胞移植对损伤脊髓的修复作用

Objective To approach the effect of microgene pSVPoMcat modified Schwann cell (SC) on the regeneration and repair of injured spinal cord.Method Spinal cord hemi－ transection models were made with the cutting method in healthy SD rats. Microgene pSVPoMcat modified SC(group A),highly purified SC(group B),and glutin sponge (control group C)were randomly implanted into the cut. After 3 month living ,the host rats were scanned by MRI, and observed under EM. Result Spinal signals at the injury region nearly recovered to normal in group A.No recovery was found in group B.Malacosis was found in group C.TEM findings: regeneration of large number of myelinated and nonmyelinated axons and SC proliferation in group A, myelinated axon regeneration and SC necrosis in group B, non myelinated and nonmyelinated axon in group C.Conclusion Implantation of microgene pSVPoMcat modified SC could promote the repair of injured spinal cord.     

Effect of Microgene pSVPoMcat Implanted to Modify Genetically Schwann Cells on Apoptosis After Spinal Cord Injury

Recent years, with the advancement of molecular biology, it has been recept that cell apoptosis is the result of gene expression and is regulated by extracellular factors.Crowe et al[1]have demonstrated in their study that cell apoptosis and necrosis coexsisted and both exacerbated CNS injury after CNS was injured. Many experiments showed that large amount of apoptosis proved that cell apoptosis is the key to secondary injury after SCI.Secondary degeneration and chrocic demyelination are c…     

多功能ECT在脑外伤研究中的应用进展

进入21世纪,医学影像技术得到重大发展,在以解剖结构为基础的X射线计算机断层成像(XCT)及磁共振成像(MRI)技术发展的同时,以人体功能代谢为成像基础,反映脏器功能、组织生化代谢和细胞基因变化的功能分子影像设备,即单光子发射计算机断层成像仪(single photon emision computed tomography,SPECT)和正电子发射断层成像仪(positron emission tomography,PET)也得到了迅猛发展,核医学正日益成为医学科学现代化的重要标志之一[1].