烧伤早期血管内皮屏障损伤机制与保护药物的研究进展

严重烧伤患者常发生休克、组织水肿和器官功能障碍,威胁患者生命.烧伤后微血管通透性增高、微循环障碍、组织水肿、发生低血容量性休克的病理基础是血管内皮屏障的结构破坏和功能损害[1].烧伤患者发生休克后,为了维持组织和重要脏器的血流灌注,需要早期及时地实行液体复苏,但特殊事故现场(如战场、自然灾害、火灾等现场)时,医疗资源常在短时间内耗竭,而使静脉补液治疗无法实施.此外,在内皮细胞屏障受损时输入大量液体可能加速液体从血管内渗漏到组织间隙,加重组织水肿,形成越输越漏的恶性循环,造成腹腔间隙综合征和多器官功能障碍综合征等并发症[2].因此,烧伤早期血管内皮屏障的损伤机制与保护药物的研究成为这一领域的研究重点.现将相关研究进展综述如下.     

胶质瘤中miR-383与其靶向circ_001634相互调控机制及作用研究

目的研究脑胶质瘤中circ_001634的表达以及与miR-383的相互调控关系及在胶质瘤发生发展中的作用。方法实时定量聚合酶链反应(Real-time PCR)检测脑胶质瘤组织中circ_001634的表达情况,及分别过表达circ_001634与miR-383后对相互的影响,非锚定依赖性生长实验检测转染circ_001634后胶质瘤U251细胞生长情况,Western blot检测miR-383下游基因CCND1蛋白表达情况。结果 circ_001634在胶质瘤中的表达显著升高;过表达circ_001634能抑制胶质瘤细胞生长,且能下调miR-383表达,并抑制CCND1表达;同时过表达miR-383,也能够抑制circ_001634表达。结论胶质瘤特异性circ_001634表达升高是miR-383表达下调和功能受抑制重要调控机制,circ_001634与miR-383的相互调控很可能是胶质瘤发生发展的重要原因。     

经尿道绿激光膀胱颈汽化术治疗女性原发性膀胱颈梗阻的临床研究

目的评估采用经尿道绿激光膀胱颈汽化术治疗女性原发性膀胱颈梗阻(primary bladder neck obstruction,PBNO)的可行性及临床疗效。方法回顾性分析山东大学附属省立医院泌尿微创中心自2012年1月至2015年1月收治的55例女性原发性膀胱颈梗阻患者,采用经尿道绿激光膀胱颈汽化术进行治疗,记录并分析这些患者的术中、术后各项指标,评估手术治疗的效果。结果 55例患者手术均获成功,术中无明显出血,平均手术时间22分钟(15~30分钟),术后最大尿流率(maximum uroflow rate,Q_(max))(21.3±5.16)ml/s(14.7~26.9ml/s),排尿后平均膀胱残余尿量(postvoid residual,PVR)由术前(112.4±87.3)ml减少至(24.3±15.4)ml,术后最大尿流率时达到的逼尿肌压由术前的(67.22±12.33)cmH_2O减至(21.07±7.52)cmH_2O。55例患者的排尿功能均得到明显改善,无术中、术后严重并发症出现。结论对女性原发性膀胱颈梗阻患者采用经尿道绿激光膀胱颈汽化术是一种易于操作、创伤小、疗效好、并发症少的手术方法,值得推广。     

肾脏神经内分泌癌1例报告并文献复习

目的 通过分析肾脏神经内分泌癌(neuroendocrine carcinoma,NEC)的临床病理特征、免疫表型、治疗方式及预后,提高对该类肿瘤的认识和诊疗水平. 方法 分析我科1例肾脏NEC的临床表现、病理特点及治疗方法并结合文献复习. 结果 患者表现为肉眼血尿伴腰痛.病理:肿瘤细胞中等大小,细胞核呈圆形、卵圆形,染色质为细颗粒状,肿瘤细胞排列呈小梁状、条索状,见菊形团样结构;免疫组化:CK(+)、EMA(+)、CD56(+)、Ki-67(80％)、CgA(-)、Syn(-)、CD99(-)、WT-1(-)、Vimentin(-)、NSE(-). 结论 肾脏NEC十分罕见,且临床表现与肾盂癌较为相似,其诊断主要根据病理学检查和免疫组化结果来做出判断.     

肝移植术前血小板水平的临床意义探讨

目的 探讨肝脏移植术前血小板数量水平(Pltp)的临床意义.方法 回顾性分析94例肝移植术,比较早期存活组(S组)与死亡组(D组)Pltp的差别,了解术后一周内血小板计数的变化,分析PLtp与术前及术后一周内总胆红素(TBIL)、凝血功能国际标准化比值(INR)、血清肌苷(CR)水平,以及术中出血量,术中术后尿量的相关关系.结果 早期存活组PLtp高于死亡组.两组血小板于术后第3天降到最低,降幅分别为57.7%和59.7%;Pltp与术前术后TBIL,INR及CR均为负相关,Pltp与术中术后尿量正相关;与术中出血量负相关.结论 术前血小板数量是预测肝移植早期生存的重要指标,重视血小板的补充可能有利于改善早期预后.     

血液透析患者骨密度与骨保护素和核因子κB受体 活化因子配体的关系

核因子κB受体活化因子配体(RANKL)是近年来在肿瘤坏死因子配体超家族中发现的一种具有调控破骨细胞产生和活化作用的细胞因子[1].它与骨保护素(OPG)、核因子κB受体活化因子(RANK)的相互作用,能调节破骨细胞的活化和增殖,维持正常骨重建过程.     

原发性大隐静脉平滑肌肉瘤一例

原发性大隐静脉平滑肌肉瘤非常罕见，临床上缺乏特异的症状或体征，早期发现相当困难。本文报告1例原发于大隐静脉的平滑肌肉瘤，以探讨这一罕见疾病的诊断和治疗方法。     

缺血预处理-后处理对大鼠肠缺血再灌注损伤的影响

Objective To evaluate the effects of ischemic preconditioning-postconditioning on the intestinal ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury in rats. Methods Forty healthy male SD weighing 225-275 g were randomly assigned into 5 groups ( n = 8 each): group I sham operation (group S) ; group II intestinal IR (group IIR); group Ⅲ ischemic preconditioning (group Ipr); group IV ischemic postconditioning (group Ipo); group V Ipr+ Ipo. The rats were anesthetized with intraperitonel 20% urethane 5 ml/kg. Superior mesenteric artery (SMA) was occluded for 60 min followed by 60 min reperfusion. In group S, SMA was isolated but not occluded. In group Ipr, SMA was occluded for 10 min followed by 10 min reperfusion, and the rest procedures were performed using the method described in group IIR. In group Ipo, 60 min ischemia was followed by three 30 s episodes of ischemia at 30 s intervals for reperfusion. In group Ipr+ Ipo, Ipr was performed followed by Ipo and the procedures were performed using the methods described in group Ipr and Ipo. The animals were killed at 60 min of reperfusion. The intestinal tissues were immediately removed for determination of MDA content, SOD and MPO activities and the degree of damage to intestinal mucous membrane was scored according to Chiu score. Arterial blood samples were taken for determination of plasma concentrations of TNF-α and 1L-6. Results Compared with group S, Chiu score, MDA content, MPO activity, and plasma concentrations of TNF-α and IL-6 were significantly increased, whereas SOD activity decreased in the other 4 groups ( P < 0.05). Chiu score, MDA content, MPO activity, and plasma concentrations of TNF-α and IL-6 were significantly decreased, whereas SOD activity increased in group Ipr, Ipo and Ipr + Ipo as compared with group IIR ( P < 0.05). Chiu score and MDA content were significantly lower, whereas SOD activity higher in group Ipr + Ipo than in group Ipr and Ipo ( P < 0.05). No significant differences were detected in the indices between group Ipr and group Ipo ( P > 0.05). Conclusion Ischemic preconditioning-postconditioning can attenuate the intestinal IR injury in rats, and the efficacy is better than that of either Ipr or Ipo alone.     

大鼠肠缺血再灌注时肺组织β-防御素-2 mRNA表达的变化

目的 观察大鼠肠缺血再灌注时肺组织β-防御素-2(BD-2)mRNA表达的变化.方法 72只雄性SD大鼠随机分为2组(n=36):假手术组(S组)和肠缺血再灌注组(II/R组).采用夹闭肠系膜上动脉(SMA)的方法制备肠缺血再灌注模型.II/R组阻断SMA 1 h后再灌注,S组仅分离SMA.分别于再灌注即刻(T0),再灌注15(T1)、30(T2)、60 min(T3)、3 h(T4)和6 h(T5)时处死6只大鼠,取肺组织,光镜下观察肺组织病理学结果,计算肺通透性指数(PPI),检测肺组织肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)含量和BD-2 mRNA表达水平.结果 S组肺组织结构未见异常,II/R组出现肺水肿和中性粒细胞浸润.与S组比较,II/R组再灌注各时点PPI升高,BD-2 mRNA表达上调,T0-3时TNF-a含量升高(P＜0.05或0.01).II/R组BD-2 mRNA表达水平与TNF-a含量及PPI的相关系数分别为0.823和-0.615(P＜0.01).结论 大鼠肠缺血再灌注时肺组织BD-2基因表达上调.