湖南省252例艾滋病患者抗病毒治疗效果及耐药分析

目的了解湖南省艾滋病患者接受国家免费抗病毒治疗的效果,分析治疗依从性及治疗后产生耐药的情况。方法对衡阳市接受国家免费抗病毒治疗时间超过6个月,且年龄为18岁以上在治的艾滋病患者进行问卷调查,并采集抗凝全血,检测CD4＋T淋巴细胞和病毒载量,对病毒载量〉1 000拷贝/ml的标本做HIV耐药基因型检测分析。结果共调查252名艾滋病患者,接受抗病毒治疗6个月以后,71.83%的患者坚持服药,无漏服;91.27%的患者CD4＋T淋巴细胞计数比治疗前增加,80.95%的患者CD4＋T淋巴细胞计数与治疗前比增加了50个/μl以上;病毒载量完全抑制的比例为71.03%;13名患者发生耐药,耐药发生率为5.16%,对核苷类反转录酶抑制剂（NRTIs）和非核苷类反转录酶抑制剂（NNRTIs）耐药发生率分别为3.97%和5.16%,对NRTIs和NNRTIs两类药物均发生耐药的比例为3.97%。结论湖南省接受艾滋病抗病毒治疗患者总体疗效显著,少数患者出现耐药值得关注。     

中国南方四省区流行的HIV-1 CRF01_AE病毒株基因特征研究

目的 分析中周南方四省区HIV-1感染者中流行CRF01 AE病毒株的遗传特征.方法 从广东、广西、江西和湖南省(自治区)2006年新报告HIV-1感染者的血浆样本中提取病毒RNA,用反转录/巢式PCR方法扩增gag和env基因片段,对获得的CRF01 AE病毒株核酸序列进行系统进化分析,并通过计算基因距离和Entropy核苷酸多态性差异方法分析毒株的遗传特征.结果 从210例CRF01_AE病毒株感染者中,发现四省区流行的CRF01 AE病毒株存在2个主要的流行簇.流行簇Ⅰ共有123例样本,未发现与之直接相关的国际参考毒株.流行簇Ⅱ共有57例样本,与越南CRF01 AE病毒株关系密切,且存在不同时间样本的混杂.gag和env基因遗传距离分析结果表明,流行簇Ⅰ内基因遗传多样性均明显小于流行簇Ⅱ;核苷酸多态性分析结果显示,在gag基因片段42个位点核苷酸组成具有显著差异,env基因片段40个位点核苷酸组成存在显著差异;流行簇Ⅰ相对于流行簇Ⅱ多态性减少的位点上有61个,多态性增加的位点有21个.结论 在中国南方四省区流行的CRF01 AE病毒株中首次观察到2个独立的流行簇.流行簇Ⅰ病毒株为该地区最主要的CRF01 AE病毒株,其流行时间相对较短,在人群中所占比例较多,可能是病毒在流行过程中形成的具有传播优势的病毒株.流行簇Ⅱ病毒与来自于越南的CRF01 AE病毒株有较高同源性,且存在与越南病毒株间的多次传播.     

长沙口岸出国人员对艾滋病知识和态度调查

目的了解出国人员对艾滋病知识的认识状况和态度.方法以无记名方式填写专门设计的艾滋病调查表,第一部分为调查对象的一般人口学资料;第二部分为选择问题,问卷回收后,用EPI1 VERS10N6.02软件分析.结果问卷回收率为96.88%,对艾滋病基本知识的18个问题中,回答正确率在80%以上的有10题;67.7%的人不认为艾滋病是目前我国主要的公共卫生问题;74.1%的人对人类最终能控制艾滋病持乐观态度.结论此次调查再提醒我们,对出国人员的艾滋病预防健康教育应当做到重点突出,深入和持久.     

中国南方四省区流行的HIV-1 CRF01_AE病毒株基因特征研究

Objective To analyze the genetic characteristics of HIV-1 CRF01_AE strains prevailing in. the four provinces of southern China. Methods Plasma samples were collected from the newly diagnosed HIV-1 individuals reported in 2006 in Guangdong, Guangxi, Jiangxi and Hunan province. The gag and env gene fragments were amplified from RNA template extracted from plasma using RT and nested PCR methods. CRF01_AE sequences were analyzed by phylogcnetie methods and characterized by calculating the genetic distance and Entropy analysis. Results Two main epidemic clusters were found to exist in the CRF01 AE strains from 210 HIV-1 CRF01 AE infected individuals collected in the 4 provinces, southern China. It was found that no international reference strain was closely correlated with cluster Ⅰ , which including 123 samples. The strains in cluster Ⅱ, consisting 57 cases of samples, were closely related with the strains identified in Vietnam. Genetic distance analysis of gag and env genes showed that the diversity of cluster Ⅰ was obviously less than that of cluster Ⅱ. Data on nucleotide polymorphism showed that nucleotides compositions of 42 sites in gag and 40 sites in env wer esignificantly different between the two clusters. When compared with cluster Ⅱ , the polymorphism decreased at 61 nucleotide sites but increased at 21 sites in cluster Ⅰ. Conclusion This was the first report describing that two main epidemic clusters were existed in CRF01_AE strains prevailing in the 4 provinces, Southern China. The vires in cluster Ⅰ was the dominant strain in this region, with shorter period of circulation and higher proportion seen in the HIV-infected population, which might belong to CRF01_AE strain with certain features facilitating the spread of the virus. The virus in cluster Ⅱ was highly homology with the CRF01_AE strains from Vietnam, and seemed to have had several events of epidemics in populations in border regions of China and Vietnam.     

湖南省首例母婴传播HIV感染者报告

湖南省自1992年在劳务归国人员中发现首例HIV感染者以来，艾滋病在全省的流行呈快速上升趋势，感染途径以吸毒(静脉)和性传播为主。性乱行为加速了艾滋病由高危人群向普通人群的传播，同时出现了家庭内夫妻间经性接触感染的第二代病例。2003年12月在湖南省发现首例经母婴传播途径感染的HIV者。现将感染者的临床及流行病学调查资料报告如下。     

中国南方四省区流行的HIV-1 CRF01_AE病毒株基因特征研究

Objective To analyze the genetic characteristics of HIV-1 CRF01_AE strains prevailing in. the four provinces of southern China. Methods Plasma samples were collected from the newly diagnosed HIV-1 individuals reported in 2006 in Guangdong, Guangxi, Jiangxi and Hunan province. The gag and env gene fragments were amplified from RNA template extracted from plasma using RT and nested PCR methods. CRF01_AE sequences were analyzed by phylogcnetie methods and characterized by calculating the genetic distance and Entropy analysis. Results Two main epidemic clusters were found to exist in the CRF01 AE strains from 210 HIV-1 CRF01 AE infected individuals collected in the 4 provinces, southern China. It was found that no international reference strain was closely correlated with cluster Ⅰ , which including 123 samples. The strains in cluster Ⅱ, consisting 57 cases of samples, were closely related with the strains identified in Vietnam. Genetic distance analysis of gag and env genes showed that the diversity of cluster Ⅰ was obviously less than that of cluster Ⅱ. Data on nucleotide polymorphism showed that nucleotides compositions of 42 sites in gag and 40 sites in env wer esignificantly different between the two clusters. When compared with cluster Ⅱ , the polymorphism decreased at 61 nucleotide sites but increased at 21 sites in cluster Ⅰ. Conclusion This was the first report describing that two main epidemic clusters were existed in CRF01_AE strains prevailing in the 4 provinces, Southern China. The vires in cluster Ⅰ was the dominant strain in this region, with shorter period of circulation and higher proportion seen in the HIV-infected population, which might belong to CRF01_AE strain with certain features facilitating the spread of the virus. The virus in cluster Ⅱ was highly homology with the CRF01_AE strains from Vietnam, and seemed to have had several events of epidemics in populations in border regions of China and Vietnam.     

布洛芬混悬液与对乙酰氨基酚在小儿高热治疗中的临床疗效观察

目的评价布洛芬混悬液与对乙酰氨基酚在小儿高热治疗中的疗效及安全性方面的对比。方法将符合小儿高热的门诊留观患儿384例随机分为布洛芬混悬液组（A组）和对乙酰氨基酚治疗组（B组）,2组均192例,进行5d的疗程。结果治疗后1h,A组患儿的总有效率46.88%,B组患儿的总有效率为21.88%,A组治疗效果优于B组,P〈0.05,差异具有统计学意义。治疗后4h,A组患儿的总有效率84.90%,B组患儿的总有效率为54.17%,A组治疗效果优于B组,P〈0.05,差异具有统计学意义。2组患儿在治疗过程中,均无明显不良反应。结论在临床的治疗工作中,如果是要快速降低高热患儿的体温可选用布洛芬混悬液。     

湖南省6558例HIV/AIDS病人HAART疗效及不良反应分析

目的了解湖南省开展艾滋病病毒（HIV）感染者/艾滋病（AIDS）病人（简称HIV/AIDS病人）高效抗反转录病毒治疗（HAART）的疗效、不良反应及耐药等情况。方法采用回顾性研究,对湖南省2003年9月至2012年12月间接受HAART的病例进行分析。结果共有6558例HIV/AIDS病人接受了HAART：1）CD＋4T淋巴细胞（简称CD4细胞）计数随治疗时间的延长明显升高,按照基线CD4细胞水平划分为≤99个/μL、100~199个/μL、200~350个/μL三组,然后做两两比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。2）在治疗后7-12个月,64%的病人体内病毒复制得到了完全抑制,病毒载量检测值〈50拷贝/mL;在治疗后7-12个月,病毒载量〈50拷贝/mL的比例及病毒载量常用对数值lgVL变化幅度最大,12个月以后下降趋势减缓,约3年后进入平台期。3）服药后较常见的不良反应是胃口改变、恶心呕吐、皮疹及疲倦等,因不良反应更换治疗方案的病例占总换药病例的70.1%（1719/2451）,因不良反应停药占总停药病例的33.6%（178/529）。4）最近一次病毒载量检测〈50拷贝/mL的2739例病人中,连续2次CD4细胞计数较基线水平增幅〈20%,或治疗一年以上未达200个/μL的共375例,免疫无应答比例13.7%。5）2011及2012连续两年耐药监测显示,总耐药率为2.6%,处于较低水平。结论湖南省艾滋病HAART在免疫学和病毒学方面均取得了较好的疗效,需进一步加强不良反应、免疫无应答及耐药情况的监测和处理。     

湖南省2008-2012年HIV抗体不确定结果分析

目的分析湖南省近5年艾滋病病毒(HIV)抗体不确定结果产生的原因和特点,为改进检测策略提供依据。方法收集2008-2012年HIV抗体不确定结果资料,结合流行病学随访、CD+4T淋巴细胞计数和病毒载量,分析不确定人群转归与蛋白免疫印迹试验(WB)带型分布的关系。结果 2008-2012年共有2995份标本进行了WB确证试验,其中不确定433例,不确定的比例为14.5%。HIV抗体不确定结果的比例逐年增长,从2008年的4.4%(21/477)上升至2012年的23.0%(182/791);其中阳性感染者比例逐年增高,尤其是晚期感染者增长迅速,分别由2009年的10.3%(3/29)和6.9%(2/29)上升到2012年的51.4%(91/177)和35.0%(62/177)。不确定结果中阴性受检者带型分布以p24或gp160为主,一般不超过两条条带;早期感染者带型分布以p24和p24+gp160为主,其中p24出现比例为100%;晚期感染者条带数目较多,显色较弱且组合更多元化,主要为p24、p31、gp120和gp160。结论随着HIV感染者增多,尤其是晚期感染比例增加,对不确定结果应予以重视,及时调整检测策略,避免漏诊。