心肌灌注显像定量分析及影响因素

随着心肌灌注显像检查方法的不断完善和计算机技术快速发展,心肌灌注显像定量分析方法也日臻完善,不仅定量分析的结果更加准确、可靠,而且功能分析内容也更加广泛,已成为临床工作中不可或缺的评价手段。     

甲状腺功能亢进症患者SPECT脑血流灌注统计参数图分析

目的拟用SPECT脑血流灌注显像研究甲状腺功能亢进症（简称甲亢）患者脑血流改变模式,并分析可能相关因素。方法年龄、性别、文化程度相匹配的25例甲亢患者和22名健康对照者于静脉注射^99Tc^m-双半胱乙酯（ECD）1110MBq后30min行静息SPECT脑灌注显像。应用统计参数图5．0软件（SPM5）对甲亢和对照者脑灌注图像进行体素对体素的团体t检验（P〈0．05,校正）。应用基于TMairach图谱的脑功能自动提取法获取各个脑功能区的血流半定量值。血清FT3、FT4、高灵敏促甲状腺激素（sTSH）、甲状腺过氧化物酶抗体（TPOAb）、促甲状腺激素受体抗体（TRAb）浓度与脑灌注相关性应用单因素Pearson相关分析,病程与脑灌注相关性应用单因素Spearman相关分析。结果甲亢患者大脑边缘系统、额叶血流灌注减低。边缘系统血流减低的部位主要包括海马钩回、两侧海马旁回（后内嗅皮质、后旁嗅皮质、海马旁皮质、前扣带回、右侧颞下回）和左侧下丘脑及尾状核体（P〈0．05,校正）。额叶血流减低部位包括左侧前体感联合皮质、前运动皮质、额叶眼动区（t=5．87,P〈0．05,校正）。甲亢患者左侧舌回、后扣带回血流灌注与FL浓度呈负相关（r=-0．468,-0．417,P均〈0．05）。左侧舌回、两侧颞下回、右侧顶上小叶血流与FT4浓度呈负相关（r=-0．434,-0．418,-0．415,-0．459,P均〈0．05）,左侧乳头体、左侧壳核血流与FT4浓度呈正相关（r=0．419,0．412,P均〈0．05）。左侧岛叶血流与sTSH呈负相关,右侧听觉联合皮质血流与sTSH呈正相关（r=-0．504,0．429,P均〈0．05）。左侧颞中回、左侧角回血流与TRAb呈正相关（r=0．750,0．862,P均〈0．05）,右侧丘脑、右侧下丘脑、左侧前核、左侧腹侧核血流与TRAb呈负相关（r=-0．691,-0．835,-0．713,-0．759,P均〈0．05）;右侧前扣带回、右侧楔叶、右侧直回、右侧缘上回血流与TPOAb呈正相关（r=0．696,0．581,0．779,0．683,P均〈0．05）。甲亢患者中央后回、颞回、左侧缘上回、听觉联合皮质血流与病程呈正相关（r=0．502,0．457,0．524,0．440,P均〈0．05）。结论甲亢患者边缘系统、额叶脑血流减低,并与甲状腺激素、自身免疫抗体水平及病程相关。     

Gates法测定肾小球滤过率的精确性及与病理对照分析

Objective To evaluate the precision of GFR using Gates method and compared with the results from renal pathological changes. Methods Twenty-seven patients whose 99Tcm-DTPA renograms had no obvious uptake phase were enrolled in Group A, and 27 patients whose 99Tcm-DTPA renograms had obvious uptake phase were enrolled in Group B. The measurement of GFR by Gates method was compared to the creatinine clearance measured and predicted by Cockroft-Gault (C-G), modification of diet in renal disease (MDRD) and SCr level. Renal pathological changes in two groups were compared using Pearson correlation and t test analysis. Results In Group A, GFR determined by Gates method did not show correlation with that estimated by C-G or 1/SCr (r = 0. 357,0. 376, both P ＞0.05), but was significantly correlated with GFR estimated by MDRD(r = 0. 440, P ＜ 0.05). In Group B, GFR determined by Gates method showed significantly correlation among GFR estimated by MDRD, C-G, and 1/SCr (r =0. 471, 0. 527,0. 452, all P ＜ 0.05). Renal tubulointerstitial damage score in Group A was higher than that in Group B (7.15±2.32, 3.70±3.06, t=4.66, P ＜0.001). Conclusions GFR determined by Gates method is less precise when 99Tcm-DTPA renogram has no obvious uptake phase than that when 99Tcm-DTPA renogram has obvious uptake phase. Renal tubulointerstitial damage is a strong indicator of no obvious uptake phase in 99Tcm-DTPA renogram.     

131I-美妥昔单抗联合动脉内化疗栓塞治疗原发性肝癌的内照射吸收剂量估算

Objective Metuximab is a specific monoclonal antibody F(ab')fragment targeted to the hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)associated antigen of HAb18G/CD147.131I labeled metuximab has shown to be effective response on HCC in phase Ⅰ/Ⅱtrails.To evaluate the feasibility of 131I-metuximab combined with transarterial chemoembolization(TACE)is the treatment of HCC,the anthors estimated the radiation absorbed dose to organs.Methods 131I-metuximab(27.75 MBq/kg)and the mixture of anticancer drug and Lipiodol with interval 20 min later were administered to 21 patients with HCC via a transfemoral catheter.The pharmacokinetie and desimetric data were collected by means of venous blood samples.urine collections,and 4 or 5 γ-scintigraphies (SPECT) over7 d.The total amount of activity in percent of iniected activity (%ID)of main organ and the total body were calculated by regions of interest(ROI).The cumulated activities were determined from integration of the time-%ID curves using the SPSS 12.0 software.Absorbed doses to organ and red marrow were estimated according to the medical internal radiation dose (MIRD) formalism and blood-based marrow estimation with a red marrow-to-blood activity concentration ratio.The tumorto-no tumor ratio was calculated as well.Results A mean administered aetivity was 1.89 GBq per session (range 1.47-2.23 GBq).SPECT scans showed the significant accumulation of the radioconjugate in liver tumor and faint uptake in other organs until 14 d.Organ absorbed dose(n=12):the total absorbed dose to liver,spleen,thyroid,lungs,kidney and total-body was(3.19±1.01),(3.65±2.41),(3.61±2.40),(0.97±0.23),(0.96±0.35)and(0.57±1.55)Gy,with(0.55±0.09)Gy to the red marrow(n=7),respectively.From 2.88±1.11 to 1.64±0.39 were observed in tumor-to-liver ratio at 3 h to 168 h.Conclusion Internal absorbed dose estimation based on MIRD formalism is not only to establish reliable dose-response relationships for target tissue and dose-toxicity relationships for normal tissue but also to improve treatment planning in individual patient.     

Gate's法测定肾小球滤过率及其影响因素

肾小球滤过率(GFR)是评估肾脏功能的重要指标,与其他测定方法相比,核医学肾动态显像Gate's法具有使用简便、结果准确的特点.影响该法检测结果的因素包括肾脏放射性计数、感兴趣区的勾画、肾脏深度等多种因素.     

18氟-氟代脱氧葡萄糖正电子发射计算机断层扫描在肺癌早期诊断中的应用价值

目的 探讨18氟-氟代脱氧葡萄糖(18 F-FDG)正电子发射计算机断层扫描(PET/CT)在肺癌早期诊断中的应用价值.方法 对2010年6月至2012年10月复旦大学附属中山医院收治的347例肺部占位性病变进行回顾性研究,分析PET/CT的诊断效度以及病变形态、病理类型、血清肿瘤标志物水平对其诊断效度与病灶FDG最大标准摄取值(SUVmax)的影响,评价PET/CT联合肿瘤标志物检测对肺部占位的早期诊断价值.结果 SUVmax与病灶大小呈正相关(r=0.484,P＜0.05),与肿瘤的分化程度呈负相关(r=-0.232,P＜0.01),且肿瘤标志物阳性者病灶SUVm.显著高于阴性者(10.6±5.5比7.6±5.4,P＜0.05);PET/CT诊断肺癌的特异度、敏感度、准确度分别为50.0％、96.6％、89.3％,且病灶越大,诊断的准确度越高(P＜0.05);PET/CT联合血清肿瘤标志物检测可使PET/CT诊断肺癌的特异度提高30％左右(P＜0.01).结论 18F-FDG PET/CT对肺结节的早期诊断有较高的价值,对肺癌的分化程度也有一定的提示作用,联合血清肿瘤标志物检测可提高肺癌早期诊断的特异度.     

影像学检查在腹膜后肿瘤诊治中的应用及相关专家共识解读

<正>腹膜后肿瘤是指原发于腹膜后间隙（包括骶前及盆底间隙,在实体腹膜后器官外）的肿瘤,发病率为（0.5～1.0）/10万。腹膜后间隙解剖部位较深,肿瘤组织类型繁多,临床表现缺乏特异性,且病人早期无明显临床症状,以致腹膜后肿瘤被发现时多为中晚期。肿瘤广泛浸润周围组织,术后易复发转移,     

026 全身18F-Dopa PET显像检查胃肠道类癌

目的：探讨１８F－３，４－二羟基－苯基丙氨酸（１８F－opa）PET显像诊断胃肠道类癌的应用价值。方法：选择１７例组织学检查被确诊为胃肠道类癌、临床无类癌综合症表现的病人，在６周内进行完整的形态学影像（CT／MRI）检查，生长抑素受体显像、１８F－氟代脱氧葡萄糖（１８F－FDG）PET和８F－DopaPET检查。病人在进行１８F－FDGPET和１８F－opaPET检查前禁食１２h，行１８F－FDGPET检查的病人血糖浓度均控制在正常范围（６．１mmol／L），８F－FDG和１８F－Dopa的静脉注射量分别为３６０±３０Bq和２００±３０MBq…     

腰椎小关节的不对称与椎间盘脱出的关系

过去一直认为后背痛病人中椎小关节的不对称是一很有意义的征象,提示腰椎的扭转性损伤,而且将导致腰间盘脱出。作者分析了136例由CT诊断为L_4～L(?)或L_5～S_1层面椎间盘脱出,并只接受了保守治疗的患者。根据髓核脱出主要在中心部还是偏于一侧而分为中心型和偏一侧型二组,偏一侧型突出的边缘不超过中线。中心型脱出50例,偏一侧型86例。发生在L_4～L_5、L_5～S_1层面者68例。脱出在L_4～L_5层面的,相邻正常的L_5～S_1层面的椎小关节测量结果同L_5～S_1层面脱出者之测量结果做对比,同样,L_5～S_1层面脱出的其相邻正常的L_4～L_5层面小关节角度同L_4～L_5脱出者做对比。其中2例正常的L_5～S_1层面椎小关节严重增生影响测量而排除。所以共计有136个脱出的椎间盘同134个正常的椎间盘进行对照。     

心肌显像病人所致伪影的辨析及其对策研究

重点介绍了在心肌灌注显像过程中,由于病人因素导致的位移、膈肌衰减和肝脏放射性聚集等所产生的伪影的表现和校正方法。