Postmastectomy hypofractionation radiotherapy in high-risk breast cancer patients: A phase Ⅰ/Ⅱ clinical trial

目的 探讨乳腺癌改良根治术后大分割放疗的近期疗效和副反应.方法 38例高危乳腺癌患者改良根治术后化疗后,同侧胸壁和锁骨上下放疗43.5 Gy分15次3周完成,观察急性放疗反应发生率和肿瘤的局部区域控制率.结果 中位随访13个月,入组38例患者全部生存,无照射野内复发,远处转移率为13%(5例).5例患者出现3级放射性皮炎,均发生在放疗结束后2～3周.3例患者出现2级放射性肺炎.结论 乳腺癌改良根治术后43.5 Gy分15次3周完成的大分割放疗方案的急性副反应可以接受,近期疗效较好.     

利用正交千伏级X线透视图像修正肝癌放疗摆位误差的可行性研究

目的 评价正交千伏级X线透视图像(OKVFI)对肝癌术后植入银环放疗患者修正摆位误差的可行性.方法 在带千伏级X线容积成像(XVI)系统加速器上每次对患者摆位后分别在planar View模式下获取多帧合成的平均化OKVFI和在volume View模式下获取锥形束CT(CBCT)图像.共得到10例患者OKVFI和CBCT图像各90套.将OKVFI与基于四维CT得到的数字重建射野影像配准得到的摆位数据以及CBCT图像与四维CT图像配准后得到的摆位数据进行比较.用Pearson法相关分析两种配准方法 相关性及一致性的可信区间(CI).结果 两种配准方法 在左右、前后、头脚方向上的相关系数分别为0.821、0.771、0.909,95%CI分别为-2.30～1.53、-2.06～3.01、-2.69～1.53,3mm内摆位误差占总摆位误差的百分比分别为97.78%、95.56%、96.67%.结论 OKVFI在确定肝癌患者摆位误差方面与CBCT图像有高度相关性和一致性,利用它修正肝癌患者摆位误差是可行的.

Abstract：

Objective The aim of this study is to evaluate the feasibility of using orthogonal kilo voltage fluoroscopic imaging(OKVFI)for setup correction in image guided radiotherapy of the liver.Methods After positioned the patients with liver cancer implanted with silver rings on the accelerator equipped with kilo voltage X-ray volume imaging(XVI),averaged OKVFI and cone beam CT(CBCT) volumetric images were acquired.A total of 90 datasets of averaged OKVFI and 90 datasets of volumetric images for 10 patients were obtained.The couch shifts obtained by the matching between OKVFI and digitally reconstructed radiograph were compared tu those achieved by the registration between CBCT and 4D reference average CT.On the comparison of the two different matching metheds.the Pearson coefficient was used to analyzed the correlation and Bland-Altman analysis to discern the consistence.Results The Pearson coefficient of correlation for the patient position shifts were R2=0.821.0.771 and 0.909 in the left-right (LR),anterior-posterior(AP)and superior-inferior(SI)directions respectively.95% CI were-2.30 -1.53(LR),-2.06-3.01(AP)and-2.69-1.53(SI)respectively.Within a±3 mm tolerance were 97.78%.95.56%and 96.67%respectively.Conclusions OKVFI has hish correlation and consistence with CBCT image on the setup correction.It is feasible to implement position correction with OKVFI in clinic practice.     

Comparison of acute toxicities between two postoperative concurrent chemoradiotherapy regimens of capecitabine with or without oxaliplatin in patients with stage Ⅱ and Ⅲ rectal cancer

Objective To compare the acute toxicities between two prospective, non-randomize phase Ⅱ trials on adjuvant radiochemotherapy of capecitabine with or without oxaliplatin in patients with stage Ⅱ and Ⅲ rectal cancer. Methods From March 2005 to November 2007,based on two fulfilled phase Ⅰ studies,two phase Ⅱ trials were launched respectively to further observe the tolerance and toxicity. In one tria1,118 patients were treated with concurrent capecitabine and radiotherapy (Cap-CRT trial), with radio-therapy of DT50 Gy/25 F/5 wks to the pelvis, and capecitabine at a dose of 1600 mg/m2/d(d1-d14,3 weeks per cycle). In the other trial, 90 patients received concurrent oxaliplatin, capecitabine and radiothera-py(Cap-Oxa-CRT trial), with the same radiotherapy schedule, while oxaliplatin at a dose of 70 mg/m2(d1, d8) and capecitabine of 1300 mg/m2/d(d1-d14,3 weeks per cycle). Results There was no significant difference in the delay of radiotherapy (10.2% vs 6.7%, X2=0.80, P=0.460) or chemotherapy (9.3% vs 19.1%, X2=4.80,P=0.090) between Cap-CRT and Cap-Oxa-CRT trials. Grade 1-4 leukopenia,diar-rhea and nausea were the most common acute side-effects in the both trials, accounting for 70.2%, 65.9% and 42.3%, respectively. When comparing with Cap-CRT trial, Cap-Oxa-CRT trial had significantly more grade 1-4 non-hemotological toxicities, mainly in Gl,including nausea (68.9% vs 22.0%, X2=46.90, P= 0.000), diarrbea(76.7% vs 57.6%, X2=13.50, P=0.009), fatigne(47.8% vs 13.7%, X2=18.90,P= 0.000), hand-foot syndrome (14.4% vs 4.2%, X2=7.10, P=0.029), and inappetence (50.0% vs. 27.9%, X2 = 25.70, P=0.000), but not in hematological toxities of leukopenia, anemia or thrombocytope-nia. Of all the patients,grade 3 and grade 4 toxicities were diarrhea(24.0% and 1.0%),leukopenia(4.3% and 0.0%),radiation-induced dermatitis(3.8% and 0.0%),cramping abdominal pain(1.0% and 0.0%) and fatigue(0.5% and 0.0%). Only grade 3 and 4 diarrhea was significantly more in Cap-Oxa-CRT trial than in Cap-CBT trial(33.0% vs 18.6%, X2=5.90,P=0.023). Conclusions For patients with stage Ⅱ and Ⅲ rectal cancer,both the postoperative concurrent radiochemotherapy regimens are tolerable,though Cap-Oxa-CRT trial has more grade 3 and 4 diarrhea.     

Comparison of acute toxicities between two postoperative concurrent chemoradiotherapy regimens of capecitabine with or without oxaliplatin in patients with stage Ⅱ and Ⅲ rectal cancer

Objective To compare the acute toxicities between two prospective, non-randomize phase Ⅱ trials on adjuvant radiochemotherapy of capecitabine with or without oxaliplatin in patients with stage Ⅱ and Ⅲ rectal cancer. Methods From March 2005 to November 2007,based on two fulfilled phase Ⅰ studies,two phase Ⅱ trials were launched respectively to further observe the tolerance and toxicity. In one tria1,118 patients were treated with concurrent capecitabine and radiotherapy (Cap-CRT trial), with radio-therapy of DT50 Gy/25 F/5 wks to the pelvis, and capecitabine at a dose of 1600 mg/m2/d(d1-d14,3 weeks per cycle). In the other trial, 90 patients received concurrent oxaliplatin, capecitabine and radiothera-py(Cap-Oxa-CRT trial), with the same radiotherapy schedule, while oxaliplatin at a dose of 70 mg/m2(d1, d8) and capecitabine of 1300 mg/m2/d(d1-d14,3 weeks per cycle). Results There was no significant difference in the delay of radiotherapy (10.2% vs 6.7%, X2=0.80, P=0.460) or chemotherapy (9.3% vs 19.1%, X2=4.80,P=0.090) between Cap-CRT and Cap-Oxa-CRT trials. Grade 1-4 leukopenia,diar-rhea and nausea were the most common acute side-effects in the both trials, accounting for 70.2%, 65.9% and 42.3%, respectively. When comparing with Cap-CRT trial, Cap-Oxa-CRT trial had significantly more grade 1-4 non-hemotological toxicities, mainly in Gl,including nausea (68.9% vs 22.0%, X2=46.90, P= 0.000), diarrbea(76.7% vs 57.6%, X2=13.50, P=0.009), fatigne(47.8% vs 13.7%, X2=18.90,P= 0.000), hand-foot syndrome (14.4% vs 4.2%, X2=7.10, P=0.029), and inappetence (50.0% vs. 27.9%, X2 = 25.70, P=0.000), but not in hematological toxities of leukopenia, anemia or thrombocytope-nia. Of all the patients,grade 3 and grade 4 toxicities were diarrhea(24.0% and 1.0%),leukopenia(4.3% and 0.0%),radiation-induced dermatitis(3.8% and 0.0%),cramping abdominal pain(1.0% and 0.0%) and fatigue(0.5% and 0.0%). Only grade 3 and 4 diarrhea was significantly more in Cap-Oxa-CRT trial than in Cap-CBT trial(33.0% vs 18.6%, X2=5.90,P=0.023). Conclusions For patients with stage Ⅱ and Ⅲ rectal cancer,both the postoperative concurrent radiochemotherapy regimens are tolerable,though Cap-Oxa-CRT trial has more grade 3 and 4 diarrhea.     

奥沙利铂联合卡培他滨在局部进展期直肠癌术前同步放化疗中的应用

目的对奥沙利铂联合卡培他滨的术前同步化疗方案在高危局部进展期直肠癌中的安全性和有效性进行分析评价。 方法对2018年3月至2019年2月，病理诊断明确，分期为T3~4或N+M0（距肛缘≤10 cm），于北京大学肿瘤医院行术前放疗的高危局部进展期直肠腺癌患者进行回顾性分析。纳入分析的患者至少具有以下高危因素之一：极低位，临床T分期为T4b，治疗前盆腔MRI提示直肠系膜筋膜受累或肠壁外静脉浸润阳性，侧方淋巴结受累。术前放疗采用同步加量调强放疗技术，处方剂量：95%计划肿瘤靶体积50.6 Gy/95%计划靶体积41.8 Gy，22f，30 d，每天1次。同步化疗为奥沙利铂联合卡培他滨双周方案，具体：每2周静脉滴注奥沙利铂85 mg/m²＋放疗日每日2次口服卡培他滨825 mg/m²。主要观察指标为肿瘤完全缓解（病理完全缓解＋临床完全缓解）率，次要观察指标包括：放化疗不良反应及术后并发症发生率，手术R0切除率、保肛率，肿瘤消退率、降期率，复发转移率等。 结果共63例患者纳入分析，63例（100%）完成全部放疗剂量，50例（79.37%）完成全部3周期化疗。未观察到4级放化疗急性不良反应，5例（7.94%）发生3级不良反应。46例患者接受根治性手术，R0切除率为100%，手术保肛率为73.91%（36/46）。肿瘤完全缓解率为34.92%（22/63）。T、N降期率分别为82.61%（38/46）、95.65%（44/46）；肿瘤消退分级0、1、2级分别为30.43%（14/46）、45.65%（21/46）、23.91%（11/46）。6例出现术后并发症，均经保守治疗好转。中位随访时间7.2个月，随访过程中未出现患者死亡及局部复发，4例（6.35%，4/63）出现远处转移。 结论对于高危局部进展期直肠癌患者，奥沙利铂联合卡培他滨的双药同步放化疗方案具有良好的近期疗效和可接受的不良反应，可能是更佳的新辅助治疗选择。     

早期结外鼻型NK／T细胞淋巴瘤治疗后淋巴结失败患者的预后分析

目的分析Ⅰ-Ⅱ期原发上呼吸消化道NK／T细胞淋巴瘤（UADT—NKTCL）治疗后淋巴结失败患者的生存和预后因素。方法1988年4月至2012年12月40例Ⅰ-Ⅱ期UADT—NKTCL患者在接受治疗后的随访中出现了淋巴结失败,对失败后的生存和预后进行分析。采用Kaplan—Meier法计算生存率。结果40例患者中,8例单纯区域淋巴结失败,26例单纯远处淋巴结失败,6例同时合并区域和远处淋巴结失败。57．1％（8／14）的患者区域淋巴结失败合并局部复发,71．9％（23／32）的患者远处淋巴结失败合并远处器官失败。全组患者淋巴结失败后中位生存时间为8．7个月,2年总生存率29．8％。预后分析显示,淋巴结失败时患者B症状和美国东部肿瘤协作组（ECOG）评分是预后因素。有B症状的患者中位生存时间为6．6个月,而无B症状的患者为16．3个月,两者差异有统计学意义（P=0．034）。ECOG评分0～1分的患者中位生存时间显著长于ECOG评分1〉2分的患者,分别为31．6个月和4．1个月（P〈0．001）。综合治疗的预后显著优于单纯化疗,2年生存率分别为68．6％和15．0％（P〈0．001）。结论早期UADT-NKTCL治疗后出现淋巴结失败的患者总体预后差,挽救性综合治疗可取得较好效果。     

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Q抽烟10年,2～3天一包。昨晚睡觉突然左胸内胀痛,到清晨才慢慢恢复。无其他呼吸道症状,这样的胸痛是肺癌吗?A薛奇:大多数有胸痛症状的患者不是肺癌,可去医院进一步检查。     

肛管癌的疗效和预后因素分析

目的 回顾分析原发性肛管癌患者的疗效和预后因素。方法 2000—2011年本中心经治肛管癌患者3l例,鳞癌23例、腺癌8例。Ⅰ~Ⅲ期患者首程采用放疗为主治疗16例、手术为主治疗11例、化疗3例。结果 随访率为90%,随访时间满3年的样本数21例。全组3年总生存(OS)率和无进展生存(PFS)率分别为76%、56%。单因素分析显示临床分期和T分期为OS预后因素(χ²=12.11,P=0.001和χ²=4.64,P=0.031),并与PFS有相关趋势(χ²=2.91,P=0.088和χ²=2.75,P=0.097)。Ⅰ~Ⅲ期鳞癌患者首程放疗为主与手术为主治疗的3年OS率和PFS率均相似(80%与80%,χ²=0.08,P=0.776和78%与67%,χ²=0.17,P=0.697)。放疗患者3级皮肤或黏膜急性不良反应为37%,晚期肛门感觉或功能异常为9%。结论 临床分期、T分期是影响肛管癌患者预后的最主要因素,同期放化疗应作为肛管鳞癌患者根治性治疗手段的首选疗法,应用调强放疗技术有利于患者按计划完成放疗并避免发生严重不良反应。     

放疗显著改善T1~2N1M0期三阴乳腺癌改良根治术后的局部区域控制

目的 分析T_1~2N₁M₀期三阴乳腺癌的局部复发风险和放疗作用。方法 回顾分析1996—2010年间215例T_1~2N₁M₀期三阴乳腺癌改良根治术患者资料,其中66例术后常规放疗、149例未放疗。比较两组生存率和局部区域复发率,并应用倾向评分配比法分析比较。结果 中位随访时间为56个月。全组36例局部复发(16.7%)。放疗比未放疗提高了5年LRRFS (92.6% 和76.6%,P=0.010),两组OS相似(82.8%和84.7%,P=0.499),单因素预后分析显示放疗、T分期是LRRFS的影响因素。放疗与未放疗组倾向评分配对分析结果显示5年LRRFS也不同(92.6%和74.5%,P=0.008),多因素预后分析显示改良根治术后未放疗是局部区域复发的唯一影响因素(HR=3.53,95%CI=1.153~10.844,P=0.027)。结论 T_1~2N₁M₀期三阴乳腺癌改良根治术后未放疗增加了局部复发风险,但还需前瞻性随机分组研究术后放疗带来的益处。     

转移性三阴乳腺癌的临床特征和治疗结果

目的 分析转移性三阴乳腺癌的临床病理特征、生存情况和局部治疗在转移性三阴乳腺癌中的作用。方法 回顾分析1998—2013年间收治的 220例转移性三阴乳腺癌患者的临床特征和治疗结果。全组 206例初诊Ⅰ~Ⅲ期患者治疗后出现远处转移(186例接受改良根治术、14例保乳手术+放疗、5例单纯保乳术、1例未接受手术;化疗 196例,88例改良根治术后局部区域放疗),14例Ⅳ期初诊时即有远处转移(8例接受改良根治术、1例区段切除术、5例未接受手术)。用Kaplan-Meier法计算生存率,Logrank法检验和单因素预后分析转移后治疗对生存的影响。结果 最常见转移部位为肺和骨,实质性脏器转移182例(82.7%),单器官转移 63例(28.6%),多器官转移 153例(69.5%),4例不详。三阴乳腺癌初诊 3年内转移达高峰,5年后很少发生转移(6.4%)。中位随访时间22个月,全组转移后 5年OS为25.0%,中位生存时间21个月。单器官转移、多器官转移的 5年OS分别为38.2%、17.5%(P=0.005)。合并内脏转移、局限骨转移的 5年OS分别为20.3%、56.2%(P=0.049)。62例单器官转移病例中接受手术或放疗局部治疗组和无局部治疗组的转以后 5年OS分别为48%和29%(P=0.006)。结论 转移性三阴乳腺癌常见内脏实质器官转移,单器官转移预后好于多器官转移;对于单一器官转移,挽救性局部治疗能改善生存;局限于骨转移好于合并内脏转移预后。