病原生物学课程教学中创新教育的实施和探索

基础医学是医学教育的重要组成部分,而创新教育已成为现代医学教育的特征.从军校医学教育理念、教学模式、培养目标及能力训练等创新思维和素质培养环节人手,在病原生物学教学中,对调动学生的学习积极性和主动性、培养学生的创新思维和能力进行探讨与实践.

Abstract：

The basic medication is an important part of the medical education and modem medical education has been characterized by innovative education. From innovative thoughte and quality training links as education concept, teaching mode, knowledge structure, training of method and ability, the research explores and practices how to stimulate the students' activity and consciousness, in the process the education of pathogenic biology to cultivate their innovative thinking ability.     

射频消融与手术切除治疗老年性小肝细胞癌的疗效比较

目的:评价射频消融(RFA)与手术切除治疗老年性原发性小肝细胞癌的临床疗效,为临床选择合适的治疗方法提供有益参考.方法:2004年1月-2010年12月本文作者收治127例老年性小肝细胞癌患者,按所接受的治疗方法分为RFA组76例与手术组51例,回顾性分析2组患者术后的住院时间、并发症发生率、生存率及复发率等临床资料,...     

川芎嗪对离体家兔肠系膜动脉环收缩性能的影响

目的研究川芎嗪对家兔离体肠系膜动脉收缩性能的影响及其与血管内皮的关系。方法采用离体家兔肠系膜动脉环实验方法,以组胺为兔肠系膜动脉环的预收缩剂,测定血管张力变化,观察川芎嗪对血管收缩张力的影响;测定血管内皮完整组和去血管内皮组的张力变化,观察川芎嗪对血管收缩张力的影响是否为血管内皮依赖性的作用。结果川芎嗪抑制组胺引起的兔肠系膜动脉环收缩的作用与生理盐水对照组比较差异有显著（P〈0.001）;川芎嗪对于无论是内皮完整血管还是去内皮血管,都能使其由收缩状态转化为舒张状态（P〈0.001）,但是去内皮血管舒张程度显著低于内皮完整血管（P〈0.01）。结论川芎嗪对收缩着的血管诱发的舒张作用具有部分内皮依赖性。     

MRI在转移性骨肿瘤诊断中的优越性

目的探讨常规磁共振扫描（MRI）在转移性骨肿瘤诊断中的优越性。方法对20例骨转移癌患者的MRI检查与CT及x片结果进行比较分析。结果20例MRI检查均有阳性发现,阳性率为100％,X线阳性率为44％,CT阳性率为70％。结论MRI在转移性骨肿瘤诊断中较CT及X片更具有优越性。     

针灸理疗治疗108例颈椎病疗效分析

目的探讨针灸理疗配合牵引治疗颈椎病的临床疗效,以期能提高颈椎病的临床治疗水平。方法将临床108例患者随机分为2组,各54例。治疗组采用枕颌布托牵引加针灸理疗治疗;对照组采用单纯针灸理疗治疗。结果治疗组治愈率55.55%,总有效率96.29%;对照组治愈率31.48%,总有效率87.03%。2组临床疗效有显著性差异（P〈0.05）。结论采用枕颌布托牵引综合治疗颈椎病临床疗效显著,值得在颈椎病临床治疗中推广。     

N末端脑钠肽前体评价慢性心力衰竭患者心脏康复治疗效果

目的通过观察N末端脑钠肽前体(NT-proBNP)水平,评价慢性心力衰竭患者在常规治疗基础上进行心脏康复与单纯使用药物治疗的效果差异。方法 70例慢性心力衰竭患者在常规药物治疗心衰基础上,随机平分为两组:A组(药物+心脏康复组)和B组(单纯药物治疗组),通过规则治疗12个月后复查NT-proBN水平和对比再住院率。结果治疗后,A组所测得NT-proBNP数值对比B组所测得NT-proBNP数值明显下降,差异有明显统计学意义(P<0.05);A组患者因心衰再住院率亦比B组低。结论在常规心衰治疗基础上,进行安全的心脏康复治疗比单纯使用药物治疗更加能改善慢性心力衰竭患者心功能。     

2815名儿童血铅含量测定结果分析

目的通过测查儿童血铅含量,进一步探讨血铅过多对儿童生长发育、神经系统的影响,为临床诊断和治疗铅中毒提供科学的依据。方法采用原子吸收分光光度法对柏林镇2815名男女儿童血铅含量进行检测。结果儿童血铅均值男性、女性分别为(162.24±21.26)μg/L、(159.65±21.64)μg/L;铅中毒检出率分别为89.3%、89.1%。轻、中度、重度铅中毒率为75.99%、13.18%、0.18%。男女性别之间血铅检测结果无差异(P>0.05),0.5～5.0岁的儿童铅中毒的概率较高,不同年龄组血铅检测结果之间,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论铅中毒乃是危害儿童健康的社会环境问题,应当引起全社会的关注,不能忽视,要做到早期检测、早期发现、早期干预、早期治疗,以提高人体素质。     

胎儿主动脉弓异常的超声诊断线索和方法研究

目的 探讨胎儿主动脉弓异常的超声诊断方法技巧、诊断线索,提高主动脉弓异常的产前超声诊断率.方法 选择2006年1月至2009年12月在我院行产前系统超声检查并获得结果验证的1472例正常和异常胎儿为研究对象,每个胎儿均进行四腔心切面、左右心室流出道切面、三血管气管切面的观察,当怀疑主动脉弓异常时,进一步获得主动脉弓长轴切面和冠状切面及经过气管的冠状切面.结果 产前超声共诊断148例主动脉弓异常,漏诊1例,92例获得结果验证,包括主动脉弓缩窄28例,主动脉弓离断10例,右位主动脉弓及主动脉弓分支异常52例,双主动脉弓2例.24例合并其他严重心脏畸形.主动脉弓缩窄、主动脉弓离断的线索为三血管气管平面均显示主动脉弓内径和动脉导管内径比例失调,主动脉弓内径异常小,四腔心切面显示左心小,左右心不对称;右位主动脉弓及其分支异常在3VTV平面显示主动脉弓位于气管右侧、主动脉弓和动脉导管之间距离增大呈"U"形和(或)在气管后方有发自降主动脉起始段的血管分支-锁骨下动脉.主动脉弓横切面即三血管气管切面、纵切面、冠状切面的显示率分别为 98.4%、90.0%、81.9%.结论 四腔心切面显示左心小,左右心不对称和3VT平面显示主动脉弓内径异常小,主动脉弓与动脉导管内径比例失调是诊断主动脉弓缩窄、离断的线索,主动脉弓和动脉导管之间距离增大是诊断右位主动脉弓的线索,三血管气管平面是诊断主动脉弓异常最易显示和最敏感的切面,主动脉弓冠状切面、纵切面及经过气管的冠状切面对诊断具有补充和鉴别意义.

Abstract：

Objective To study the ultrasonographic clues and methods for fetal anomalies of the aorta arch and improve prenatal detection of anomalies of the aorta arch.Methods One thousand four hundred and seventy-two cases fetus who were carried out detailed scan and whose results were confirmed were chose as study objects.Every routine fetal echocardiography included four chamber and left and right outflow tract and three-vessel trachea view(3VT).The more views which included longitudinal and coronary view of the aorta arch and coronary view of the trachea and main bronchus were obtained when the abnormality of aorta arch was suspected.Results One hundred and forty-eight cases with anomalies of aorta arch were diagnosed by ultrasonography.One case was misdiagnosed.Ninety-two fetus with anomalies of aorta arch which included 28 aortic coarctation(CoA) and 10 interrupted aortic arch (IAA) and 52 right-side aortic arch and abnormal aortic branch and 2 double aortic arch were confirmed by postmortem or postnatal echocardiography and surgery.Of the 92 confirmed cases,24 had prenatally diagnosed additional complex intracardiac anomalies.All cases with CoA and IAA presented ventricular and/or great arterial disproportion with smaller left ventricle and aorta diameter on four chamber view and 3VT.Right aortic arch (RAA) and abnormal aortic branch(AAB) displayed aortic arch located on the right side of the trachea and increased distance between the aortic arch and arterial duct and abnormal aortic arch branch-subclavian artery originating from the beginning section of the descend aorta which coursed behind the trachea with U-shaped appearance on the 3VT plane.The display rate of the transverse and longitudinal and coronary view of the aorta arch was 98.4%,90.0%,81.9%,respectively.Conclusions Disproportional ventricular and /or great arterial with smaller left ventricle and aorta diameter are the clues for CoA and IAA.Increased distance between the aortic arch and arterial duct is the clue for RSA.The transverse view of the aortic arch 3VT is the most sensitive for detecting the anomalies of the aortic arch and the most easily be obtained.The longitudinal and coronary view of the aorta arch and coronary view of the trachea and main bronchus are helpful in differentiating the anomalies of the aortic arch.     

放射性气体氡及其子体对HUVEC-12细胞生长的影响

目的:研究放射性气体氡及其子体对内皮细胞生长的影响及可能机制。方法:采用MTT法及细胞计数法进行研究。结果:放射性气体氡及其子体能显著提高HUVEC-12细胞活性,并促进细胞增殖,其作用呈明显的量效关系和时间依赖性。0.40 cGy/min照射30 min时,HUVEC-12细胞活性最大,达到阴性对照组的1.5倍。其细胞增殖效应也最显著,达到阴性对照组的1.56倍。结论:在一定剂量下,放射性气体氡及其子体诱导HUVEC-12细胞增殖具有剂量和时间依赖性。