对坐骨神经盆腔出口的研讨

根据对坐骨神经盆腔出口部的解剖学、生理状态和组织液压测定等的研究结果,指出:在正常情况下,出口部通畅、光滑、无粘连,对坐骨神经无压迫、组织液压也正常。当该出口部出现狭窄时,由于坐骨神经受压而出现一系列症状;同时,组织液压升高,局部出现粘连、静脉瘀血扩张和水肿等病理改变。这一现象被称谓“坐骨神经盆腔出口狭窄症”。     

腰椎活动节段力学模型的研究

力学模型是研究脊柱生物力学的重要手段。我们运用有限元方法(Finite element meted)建立了腰椎活动节段(Motion segment)的三维线性力学模型,并根据这一模型分析了正常人站立时腰椎应力分布情况。该模型有388个节点,共组成293个单元,包括椎体、椎间盘、后部结构以及韧带等部分。研究结果表明,当腰椎活动节段承受120O N的轴向压缩载荷时,椎体皮质骨的应力明显高出松质骨,椎间盘纤维环的应力则以后方较高。此外,在后部结构中,椎弓根、椎弓峡部、小关节等处也产生明显的应力集中。上述     

椎间盘退变腰椎活动节段力学模型的研究

一般认为,椎间盘是人体组织中最早发生退行性变的部位,而腰椎间盘的退变又是引起腰痛的主要病因之一。我们运用三维有限元方法(Finite element method)建立了椎间盘退变腰椎活动节段(MotionSegment)的力学模型,着重分析其在直立、前屈与后伸三种体位时的应力分布与载荷传递情况,并与正常腰椎进行比较。研究结果表明,当椎间盘发生退变后,腰椎的应力分布与载荷传递均出现明显改     

THE EFFECT OF POSTERIOR ELEMENT RESECTION ON THE STRESS DISTRIBUTION IN THE LUMBAR SPINE

A three-dimenslonal finite element model of the lumbar motion segment was used to predict the stress distribution in lumbar spine with posterior element resection. It was shown that the stress level in all parts of the lumbar spine was elevated although the stress distribution remalned unchanged. The authors concluded that the posterior element resectlcal in lumbar surgery should he avoided as much as possible.     

CHEMOTACTIC RESPONSE OF CALVARIAN OSTEOBLASTS OF NEWBORN RATS TO HUMAN BONE MATRIX PROTEIN

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骨折固定法近年来的进展

在急救、输送或治疗骨折病人时,固定是非常重要而不可遗忘的手段。第一次世界大战时,Thomas的下肢牵引固定法使股骨干战伤死亡率从80％降到15％,固定的效果是非常明显的。近年来对固定的看法、固定的方法和材料均有不同改进。一、急救固定损伤后在现场给伤员固定,可以减少痛苦,减少休克,避免搬运输送时增加损伤,避免闭合伤变开放伤,减少治疗困难。因急救固定需要现场应用,所以固定物要携带轻便,使用简易,特别在发生战伤或自然灾     

谈谈骨折的畸形愈合

任何一种创伤和疾患的诊断和治疗都必须是全面而连贯的。骨折也是如此。由于人体骨骼数目多,骨折类型复杂,个体差异大,修复时间慢等特点,更加要求我们从骨折开始到其愈合和劳动力恢复为止,都必须从整体出发,进行全面而连贯的观察与处理,否则就容易发生并发症。畸形愈合就是其中之一。它是怎样发生的,又如何防止其发生呢?这就要求我们: 首先是对一个新鲜创伤的病例,决不可粗略地看一下就作出诊断。根据统计材料,在畸形愈合的病例中有25％是由于早期错将骨折当作软组织损伤所造成的。因此,当把     

ANTERIOR EXTENSIVE DECOMPRESSION FOR CERVICAL SPONDYLOSIS

Cervical spondylosis caused by pressure of osteophyte spurs should be treated by anterior exten- sive decomprcssion. We found that application of this method not only can eliminate the pathogenic factors, but also can provide effective space for postoperative traumatic reactions to insure satisfac- tory late results. 55 cases were so treated and follow ed up for more than 3 years, and the.effective rate was 94(70. The mechanism of this procedure is dis cussed in detail.     

颈椎椎体间人工关节的研制与临床应用

对34例颈椎病和颈椎骨折脱位合并瘫痪患者,经彻底切除椎管前方致压物达到充分减压后,于椎体间隙内植入医用钛合金或NT-2记忆合金人工关节。在随访8～39月的26例中,仅用钛合金的有1例发生断裂,但均无植入物向外滑出或向后滑入,无旋转和偏斜移位,伸屈活动增加4°以上,食管通畅无刺激现象。植入人工关节后毋需植骨和融合固定;保留和增加患节活动度;具有支撑作用,防止或改善向前成角畸形。     

Three-dimensional finite element analysis of ligaments of lumbar spine

The lumbar ligaments play an important role in spinal biomechanics.The results ofthree-dimensional finite dement analysis showed that one of the functions of lumbar ligaments istransmission of the tensile load between the lumbar vertebrae.The anterior longitudinal ligament isloaded in extension of lumbar spine and the resistance to the tensile load in flexion is providedby other ligaments.These ligaments are subject to much more tension with degeneration of theintervertebral disc so that a series of pathological changes occur.Relevant significance in clinical as-pect is also discussed.