普鲁泊福全麻复合硬膜外麻醉在肝脏切除手术中的临床应用

本研究探讨普鲁泊福连续输注全麻复合硬膜外麻醉在肝功能不全肝切除术术中对患者循环功能、术毕苏醒时间及术后肝功能变化情况的影响,并与安氟烷、异氟烷全麻复合硬膜外麻醉比较,为肝功能不全患者肝切除术提供更多的安全、合理的麻醉方法.     

无痛消化内镜围术期气道管理进展

低氧血症(hypoxemia)是无痛消化道内镜镇静最常见并发症,故降低其发生率始终是无痛内窥镜检查过程中的重要任务。减少低氧血症及其他缺氧相关不良事件的最佳策略是防止手术过程中缺氧的发生,气道管理则是有效手段之一,因此,近年来许多相关临床研究都围绕气道管理展开。手术室外无痛内镜围手术期气道管理工具正在不断更新中,利用好现有工具,以及掌握新型气道工具有助于减少术中低氧血症的发生,保证患者安全。该文就相关研究进展作简要综述,以期为临床提供参考。     

异氟烷改善离体鼠肝缺氧-复氧后氧供耗平衡

目的:研究异氟烷对离体鼠肝在缺氧-复氧状态下肝流量和肝氧耗的作用.方法:建立离体鼠肝灌流模型.将大鼠肝脏取下,置于离体鼠肝灌流仪中,以经95%O2/5%CO2饱和的改良克-林碳酸氢盐缓冲液恒压灌流(有氧状态用1.2 kPa,缺氧状态用0.2 kPa),另外加入葡萄糖10 mmol/L维持营养,加入1%牛血清白蛋白维持胶体渗透压,控制在生理pH值和温度,实时监测氧分压和肝流量变化.不同浓度异氟烷随混合气带入离体鼠肝灌注的人工肺.结果: (1)异氟烷对基础状态下鼠肝流量无明显影响,但可改善缺氧后复氧状态下鼠肝流量的减少.(2)异氟烷对基础状态下鼠肝氧耗有降低作用,但在复氧状态下却改善了鼠肝氧耗的下降.结论:异氟烷能改善离体鼠肝缺氧-复氧后氧供耗平衡,保护肝脏功能.     

μ-阿片受体激动剂通过MOR/AKT/Slug途径促进膀胱癌循环肿瘤细胞的形成：一项包含随机对照试验的综合研究

背景与目的μ-阿片受体激动剂（μ-opioid receptor agonists,MOs）是膀胱癌（bladder cancer,BC）患者手术和慢性疼痛治疗过程中不可或缺的麻醉镇痛药。MOs是否会影响膀胱癌的进展和转移仍未阐明。本研究关注MOs对BC循环肿瘤细胞（circulating tumor cell,CTC）形成的影响,旨在提供潜在的治疗靶点。方法 利用不同的临床前模型来确定MORAs对BC进展的影响。利用新型免疫捕获微流控芯片分析MORAs是否影响小鼠模型和临床BC患者的CTC数量。生物信息学分析、全转录组测序和分子生物学方法被用于研究潜在机制。结果 血行转移和原位BC小鼠模型显示,MORAs治疗后肿瘤转移明显增加。在小鼠模型和临床试验患者中,MORAs治疗后检测到间质和/或上皮细胞CTC数量明显增加。从机制上看,MORAs通过激活MOR/PI3K/AKT/Slug信号通路促进CTC的形成,并促进BC细胞发生上皮–间质转化（epithelialmesenchymal transition,EMT）,而敲除MOR、Slug或阻断PI3K可抑制EMT过程和CTC的形成。结论 ...     

高渗氯化钠羟乙基淀粉40注射液高容量血液稀释对大鼠肝脏缺血再灌注损伤的影响

Objective To investigate the effects of hypervolemic hemodilution (HH) with hypertonic saline plus hetastarch solution 40 injectio on hepatic ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in rats. Methods Thirty male Wistar rats weighing 300-350 g were randomly divided into 3 groups ( n = 10 each): group I sham operation (group S); group II I/R and group Ⅲ HH. Partial liver ischemia was produced by clamping hepatic portal vein and left arteria hepatica for 30 min with atraumatic mini-clamp, followed by 2 h of reperfusion in I/R group and HH group. In HH group the animals were infused hypertonic saline plus hetastarch solution 40 injectio 10 ml/kg through vena caudalis over 30 min and then hepatic I/R was performed IS min after the infusion.The animals were killed at 2 h of reperfusion. The left liver was removed and blood sample was taken from inferior caval vein for determination of (1) serum alanine amino transferase (ALT) and aspartate amino transferase (AST) activities; (2) superoxide dismutase ( SOD) activity and malondialdehyde ( MDA) content in the liver; ( 3 ) microscopic examination. Results The serum ALT and AST activities and MDA content in the liver were significantly higher, SOD activity in the liver significantly lower after hepatic I/R and pathological changes in the liver severer in group I/R and HH than in group S. The serum ALT and AST activities and MDA content in the liver were significantly lower, SOD activity in the liver significantly higher after hepatic I/R and pathological changes in the liver milder in group HH than in group I/R. Conclusion Hypervolemic hemodilution with hypertonic saline plus hetastarch solution 40 injectio can ameliorate hepatic I/R injury by decreasing oxygen free radical production in rats.     

曲马多对小鼠镇痛作用的药物代谢动力学研究

目的　探讨曲马多在小鼠体内的药物代谢动力学。方法　采用药效—药代统一模型 ,以小鼠腹腔注射醋酸后扭体反应次数为镇痛效应指标 ,测定时—效、量—效关系 ,进一步求时间—体存生物相当药量曲线及相应药代动力学参数。结果　曲马多在小鼠的镇痛作用呈显著的时—效、量—效关系 ,其镇痛作用效量半衰期(T1 /2 ,ED)为 4 68min ,消除速率常数K为 0 1 4 8。结论　曲马多母核药物与多种代谢产物均有镇痛作用 ,此法比单纯测定曲马多的血药浓度更能科学地反映药物在作用部位的药效变化规律     

Walker256乳腺癌细胞构建大鼠胫骨骨癌痛模型

目的：探讨以Walker256大鼠乳腺癌腹水瘤细胞制备大鼠胫骨骨癌痛模型，为骨癌痛机制和治疗研究提供有用的工具。方法：以Walker256乳腺癌细胞接种幼年雌性SD鼠腹腔制备腹水瘤细胞，将15μl腹水瘤细胞注入雌性成年SD鼠左侧胫骨骨髓腔制备骨癌痛模型；以注射加热灭活瘤细胞的SD鼠为假手术对照鼠，以正常鼠为正常对照鼠。造模后1-4周观察模型鼠自由行走痛评分、辐射热痛觉阈值[缩爪反应潜伏期（paw withdrawal latency，PWL）]和机械刺激诱发痛觉阈值[缩爪反应阈值（paw withdrawal threshold，PWT）]改变，并对痛觉行为改变明显的模型鼠进行影像学检测。结果：本方法制备模型的成瘤率为67．3％。模型鼠在造模后15d自由行走痛评分显著高于正常鼠和假手术鼠（P〈0．01）；模型鼠的模型后肢对热刺激痛觉阈值和对机械刺激诱发痛觉阈值分别在造模后21d和18d明显低于正常鼠和假手术鼠（P〈0．01），同时也明显低于模型肢对侧后肢（P〈0．05）。影像学结果显示，痛行为改变明显的模型鼠模型后肢胫骨骨质结构遭到明显破坏。结论：采用Walker256乳腺癌腹水瘤细胞可成功制备与人类骨癌痛体症相似的大鼠胫骨骨癌痛模型。     

Walker 256乳腺癌细胞构建大鼠胫骨骨癌痛模型

目的: 探讨以Walker 256大鼠乳腺癌腹水瘤细胞制备大鼠胫骨骨癌痛模型，为骨癌痛机制和治疗研究提供有用的工具。方法：以Walker 256乳腺癌细胞接种幼年雌性SD鼠腹腔制备腹水瘤细胞，将15 μl腹水瘤细胞注入雌性成年SD鼠左侧胫骨骨髓腔制备骨癌痛模型；以注射加热灭活瘤细胞的     

6%羟乙基淀粉130/0.4对患者硬膜外复合全麻诱导期肺循环的影响

Objective To observe the effect of pulmonary circulation by 6% hydroxyethyl starch 130/0.4 during induction period from epidural block combined with general anesthesia. Methods Twenty-six hepatobiliary surgical patients with ASA Ⅰ-Ⅱ, aged 32 y-59 y, weighing 54 kg-73 kg, were randomized into 2 groups(n=13): hydroxyethyl starch 130/0.4 group(HS)and complex acetic acid Ringer's solution (RL). Above-mentioned solutions were infused 7 ml/kg respectively before induction. The pulmonary circulation hemodynamic parameters such as pulmonary arterial systolic pressure (PASP), pulmonary arterial diastolic pressure (PADP), mean pulmonary artery pressure(MPAP), pulmonary artery wedge pressure(PAWP), pulmonary vascular resistance(PVR) and right ventricular stroke work(RVSW) were recorded at base value(T0), 10 min after infusion(T1), 5 min after induction(T2), 5 rain after intubation(T3), 10 rain after intubation(T4)and 20 min after intubation(T5). Results PASP、PADP、MPAP、PAWP and CVP were significantly higher in group HS at T, than the values at T0 (P<0.05); PVR in group HS was obviously lower from T1 to T5 than the value at To (P<0.05 or P<0.01); RVSW was significantly higher in two groups at T1 than base value (P<0.05), but that in group HS was lower than base value (P<0.05 or P<0.01); HR obviously decreased in two groups from T2 to T5 as compared with the value at T0 (P<0.05); MAP was lower from T3 to T5 than the value at To (P<0.05 or P<0.01). PVR was obviously lower in group HS from T1 to T5 than that in group RL (P<0.05 or P<0.01); MAP obviously increased from T2 to T5 in group HS as compared with the value in group RL(P<0.05 or P<0.01). Conclusion 6% hydroxyethyl starch 130/0.4 can obviously reduce PVR during induction pe-riod from epidural block combined with general anesthesia. In all, there is no effect on pulmonary circulation by 6% hydroxyethyl starch 130/0.4.     

高渗氯化钠羟乙基淀粉40注射液高容量血液稀释对大鼠肝脏缺血再灌注损伤的影响

Objective To investigate the effects of hypervolemic hemodilution (HH) with hypertonic saline plus hetastarch solution 40 injectio on hepatic ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in rats. Methods Thirty male Wistar rats weighing 300-350 g were randomly divided into 3 groups ( n = 10 each): group I sham operation (group S); group II I/R and group Ⅲ HH. Partial liver ischemia was produced by clamping hepatic portal vein and left arteria hepatica for 30 min with atraumatic mini-clamp, followed by 2 h of reperfusion in I/R group and HH group. In HH group the animals were infused hypertonic saline plus hetastarch solution 40 injectio 10 ml/kg through vena caudalis over 30 min and then hepatic I/R was performed IS min after the infusion.The animals were killed at 2 h of reperfusion. The left liver was removed and blood sample was taken from inferior caval vein for determination of (1) serum alanine amino transferase (ALT) and aspartate amino transferase (AST) activities; (2) superoxide dismutase ( SOD) activity and malondialdehyde ( MDA) content in the liver; ( 3 ) microscopic examination. Results The serum ALT and AST activities and MDA content in the liver were significantly higher, SOD activity in the liver significantly lower after hepatic I/R and pathological changes in the liver severer in group I/R and HH than in group S. The serum ALT and AST activities and MDA content in the liver were significantly lower, SOD activity in the liver significantly higher after hepatic I/R and pathological changes in the liver milder in group HH than in group I/R. Conclusion Hypervolemic hemodilution with hypertonic saline plus hetastarch solution 40 injectio can ameliorate hepatic I/R injury by decreasing oxygen free radical production in rats.