内源性大麻素系统对神经系统保护作用的研究进展

内源性大麻素系统（endocannabinoid system ,ECS）主要包括G蛋白耦联受体CB1、CB2、内源性配基AEA、2-AG及内源性配基的失活系统FAAH等。在中枢神经系统中,ECS可通过抗炎、抗氧化、调节神经递质的释放、抑制钙离子浓度等机制发挥神经保护作用,具备广泛的生理保护作用及临床应用价值。本文根据现有研究报道对内源性大麻素系统的神经保护作用进行综述。     

74例老年患者的冠状动脉CT造影结果分析

目的了解冠状动脉CT成像在老年患者中的应用价值并探讨其结果与血压、血脂、体质量指数(BMI)等指标的关系。方法收集行64排螺旋CTA检查、年龄≥60岁的74例老年患者进行回顾性分析,按冠状动脉狭窄程度分为正常组、轻度组、中度组和重度组。结果男性组冠状动脉病变率(97.67%)显著高于女性组(80.65%)(P0.05);年龄、BMI、脉压(PP)、总胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、三酰甘油(TG)、空腹血糖(FG)水平在正常组与重度组之间差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。多元回归分析提示TC、冠状动脉病变支数、FG与冠状动脉狭窄程度明显相关(P0.05)。结论 64排螺旋CTA检查对评价老年患者冠状动脉病变有一定的临床价值,积极的调脂及控糖治疗有助于防治冠状动脉病变的进展。     

99mTc通过双功能螯合剂HYNIC间接标记depreotide的临床评价研究

Objectives: Technetium-99m or 99mTc is widely used for labeling peptide in nuclear medicine. Somatostatin and its analogu can inhibit tumor cell growth after biding with its receptor. This research was to study the preclinical effect of a new 99mTc-HYNIC-depreotide, indirect 99mTc labeling of depreotide using HYNIC as bifunctional chelator. Methods: The cyclopeptide , cyclo-[(N-Me) Phe-Tyr-D-Trp-Lys-Val-Hcy ] , the linear peptide , and [ ClCH2-CO.β-Dap-Lys-Cys-Lys. amide ] were synthesised by Fmoc solid-phase synthesis. The cyclopeptide and the linear peptide were linked by liquid-phase synthesis. The product depreotide was isolated and purified by high performance liquid chromatography and was confirmed by mass spectrography. Depreotide was labeled with 99mTc through a direct labeling method, using HYNIC as bifunctional chelator. Used the paper chromatography method to calculate labeling rate, and through the comparative analysis selected the best mark conditions. The new 99mTc-HYNIC-depreotide was tested by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The internalization and externalization rates of the new 99mTc-HYNIC-depreotide were studied in A549 cells. Furthermore, biodistribution of the radiopeptide was studied in nude mice, bearing tumors from human lung carcinoma cells SPC-A1. Results: The molecular of synthesize depreotide was 1358, and the purity of it was 95.29%. The labeling efficient of 99mTc-HYNIC-depreotide was highest in PH 6.0 and 15°C, about 70.95%±0.84%. The labeling rate of the new 99mTc-HYNIC-depreotide rose to a peak of 20.75 ± 0.48% at 60 min in A549 cells at 37 °C and just slightly decreased later, while it elevated gradually during time course at 4 °C and 25 °C. The internalization rate of the new 99mTc-HYNIC-depreotide at 37 °C increased gradually and reached the peak of 84.4% in 120 min, while the externalization rate of the new 99mTc-HYNIC-depreotide was always less than 20%. In mice bearing the experimental SPC-A1 tumor, the new 99mTc-HYNIC-depreotide demonstrated a high tumor uptake of 4.05 ± 0.04% ID/g at 1.5 hpi and a remained high one of 2.51 ± 0.06% ID/g at 4 hpi. The tumor-to-lung activity concentration ratio (T/Lu) was very high for the new 99mTc-HYNIC-depreotide at all time points. So did the tumor-to-muscle activity (T/Mu) and tumor-to-blood activity concentration ratio (T/Bl). Conclusion: The findings suggested that the new 99mTc-HYNIC-depreotide might be a promising candidate radiopharmaceutical for imaging SSTR positive lung cancer. Keywords: Technetium-99m; HYNIC; depreotide; lung carcinoma;     

人肿瘤干细胞异种移植模型进展

人肿瘤干细胞(human cancer stem cells,CSCs)分离后异种移植至模型内的成瘤特性,为研究肿瘤病因学和制订抗癌策略提供了新的手段和方法。但是,目前人肿瘤干细胞的鉴别离不开移植至异种免疫缺陷鼠内建立肿瘤干细胞的动物模型。本文主要从CSCs的概念、CSCs与肿瘤的关系、CSCs异种移植模型研究进展、模型建立的影响因素、模型建立存在的问题等进行简要综述,为异种移植模型的建立提供参考。     

MicroRNA与间充质干细胞成骨分化的研究进展

MicroRNA(miRNA)是一类长度约22 bp的非编码单链RNA分子,广泛存在于动植物等各类生物体内。Lee等[1]在秀丽隐杆线虫(Caenorhabditis elegans)体内首先发现了一种代号为lin-4的短链非编码RNA分子,其能够与lin-14基因的3′非编码区特异性结合,并且能够降低LIN-14蛋白表达水平,而对lin-14基因的mR-NA水平无明显影响,lin-4是第一个被发现的miRNA。     

锁骨骨折四种内固定方式的比较

比较锁骨骨折不同手术方法治疗效果,认为锁骨骨折施行切开复位内固定具有畸形愈合率低、肩关节功能恢复良好等优点,对于不同的骨折类型应掌握好手术适应证。骨圆针内固定虽然有操作简单、手术创伤小的优点,但其松动、滑脱、局部感染率较高。     

择医驱动力的人群特征分析

目的:分析不同人口学和社会经济学特征的人群在择医驱动力上的不同,为医院管理者制定医院经营的政策重点提供依据。方法:运用大样本调查和Logistic多元回归进行人群多元化特性分析。结果:得出公众的择医多因素分析的结果。结论:人群的多元化特征造成不同人群在选择就诊医院时的不同关注度。     

分善恶 辨忠奸 收起甲状腺结节的“必杀令”

临床上对甲状腺结节的治疗就等于对甲状腺结节“格杀勿论”!事实上,甲状腺结节中95％以上属于良性病变,恶性病变仅占2％～5％。因此收起对甲状腺结节发出的“必杀令”,通过一系列检查手段判断甲状腺结节的“忠奸”是关键。     

肿瘤体积和放疗剂量对体部γ刀治疗肝细胞肝癌的预后影响

目的 探索GTV和放疗剂量对体部γ刀治疗肝细胞肝癌的预后影响。 方法 回顾分析2012—2015年间 69例体部γ刀治疗肝细胞肝癌患者临床资料。采用50%或60%等剂量曲线覆盖计划靶区,单次 4~5 Gy,边缘总剂量 36~50 Gy (中位数45 Gy)。观察其近期疗效、总生存期及不良反应。采用ROC曲线确定肿瘤体积最佳界值。采用Kaplan-Meier法计算生存率,Logrank检验和单因素分析,Cox模型多因素分析。 结果 69例患者放疗近期总有效率为67%。1、2年生存率分别为62%、40%,中位生存期18.6个月。多因素分析显示GTV<93 cm³(P=0.013)及放疗近期有效(P=0.000)是影响生存的因素。GTV<93 cm³时患者≥45 Gy亚组预后明显好于<45 Gy亚组(P=0.019),而GTV≥93 cm³组患者中剂量大小对生存期无明显影响(P=0.665)。 结论 肿瘤体积是影响局部晚期肝癌患者生存的独立预后因素。小体积肿瘤行大剂量放疗患者生存获益。对肿瘤体积较大患者不宜强行追求高剂量照射。     

内陆核电厂周边区域公众接受度调查与分析

目的 了解内陆核电厂周边区域公众核电接受度水平,为内陆核电重启在公众接受度方面的研究提供数据支持。方法 采用抽样调查的方法对680位内陆核电厂周边区域的公众进行问卷调查。用Excel及SPSS 17.0软件进行数据统计和分析,并建立Logistic回归模型。结果 公众的支持态度占73.9%,若核电站建在自家附近,66.9%的公众会选择搬迁。学历、核电行业、风险概率和致命性的回归系数分别为-0.71、-1.743、-0.401和-0.252。结论 大部分公众已经意识到内陆核电的优势,但对于内陆核电的安全性还有较多的顾虑。不从事核电行业工作的公众支持度更低。公众对核电风险概率及致命性的判断越高,支持度越低。要提高公众对内陆核电厂的接受度,需要多方位有针对性地加强公众的核电宣传。