Anemia and the risk of non-vertebral fractures: the Tromsø Study

Summary  

In this longitudinal study of 5,286 persons, men with anemia had a 2.15 higher risk of non-vertebral fractures than men with high hemoglobin levels. Women with anemia had no increased fracture risk.     

Gastric slow waves, gastrointestinal symptoms and peptides in systemic sclerosis patients

Abstract  Impaired gastric slow waves, frequent gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms and altered GI peptides have been reported in Scleroderma (SSc) patients. The aim of this study was to investigate the associations among these three important components in GI dysmotility. Seventeen fasted SSc patients underwent four channel surface electrogastrography, measuring % of normal gastric slow waves or dysrhythmia. Patients completed a questionnaire designed by us to assess demographics, upper and lower GI symptoms (symptom presence, frequency and impact on quality of life, QOL), by YES/NO, Likert Scales and Visual Analogue Scales 1–100 mm (called GI Dysmotility Questionnaire, GIDQ) and health-related QOL by SF-36. Fasting plasma vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and motilin levels were measured by peptide immunoassays. There were significant correlations between percentages of gastric dysrhythmias (bradygastria or arrhythmia) and a number of major GI symptoms such as nausea, abdominal bloating and pain. The plasma level of VIP was correlated positively with % dysrhythmia but negatively with % normal slow waves. Motilin was positively correlated with slow wave coupling (coordination). No major differences were noted in the measured peptides or gastric slow waves between limited SSc and diffuse SSc. Correlations were noted between SF-36 domain scores and our GIDQ scores. In SSc patients, gastric dysrhythmias are correlated with certain GI symptoms. Correlations are also noted between plasma VIP/Motilin levels and gastric slow waves. Thus in SSc, gastric dysrhythmias may be predictive of development of certain dyspeptic symptoms. Plasma VIP may be involved in the development of dysrhythmias.     

5-HT3 receptors mediate the time-dependent vagal afferent modulation of nociception during chronic food allergen-sensitized visceral hyperalgesia in rats

Abstract  Converging lines of evidence demonstrate a vagally mediated antinociceptive pathway in animals undergoing acute visceral insults, the contribution of this system to visceral pain following chronic noxious stimuli is unknown. 5-HT₃ receptor (5-HT₃Rs) on spinal afferents are crucially involved in nociceptive processing, the role of 5-HT₃Rs on vagal afferents is unclear. The aim of the present study was to determine the contribution of vagal afferents to visceral nociception in rats undergoing chronic luminal allergen stimulation and whether it involves vagal 5-HT₃Rs. Sensitized rats received chicken egg albumin (EA, 1 mg mL⁻¹) in drinking water for 2 weeks (day 1–14). Visceromotor response (VMR) to colorectal distension [colorectal distension (CRD), 60 mmHg] and the levels of mRNA encoding 5-HT₃R (including 3A and 3B subunits) in the nodose ganglia (NG) were evaluated on day 2, 4, 8 and 15. Chronic EA challenge induced gradually increased visceral nociception, with a peak on day 15. Subdiaphragmatic vagotomy or functional deafferentation with capsaicin abolished this time-dependent manner, inducing hyperalgesia from day 2, lasting to day 15. Intraluminal infusion of a 5-HT₃R antagonist (granisetron), whether alone or infused after local mucosa anaesthetic with 1% lidocaine, mimicked the effects of vagotomy. The mRNA levels for 5-HT_3B or 5-HT_3A subunit in the NG showed an opposite time-course to that of visceral pain, which increased from day 2, then decreased gradually to levels lower than those of controls. Our results demonstrate a time-dependent vagal afferent modulation of chronic allergen-sensitized visceral hyperalgesia, which may involve a 5-HT₃R pathway.     

GC法同时测定冰珍去翳滴眼液中冰片和苯氧乙醇的含量

目的：建立气相色谱法同时测定冰珍去翳滴眼液中冰片及苯氧乙醇的含量。方法： 采用DB-WAX毛细管色谱柱（30 m × 0.32 mm,0.25 μm）;FID检测器;进样口温度200 ℃,检测器温度为250 ℃;载气为氮气,流速为1 mL·min-1。采用程序升温法：起始温度130 ℃,保持10 min,以25 ℃·min-1升至200 ℃,保持5 min。结果：天然冰片、苯氧乙醇的质量浓度分别在0.011 54～0.115 4 mg·mL-1（r=0.999 9）、0.064 87～0.648 7 mg·mL-1（r=0.999 9）范围内线性关系良好;平均回收率分别为96.3%（RSD=1.65%）、95.1%（RSD=1.62%）。结论：该方法专属性好,准确度高,重复性好,可用于冰珍去翳滴眼液的质量控制。     

火山蕨矿泉水煎液对外阴阴道假丝酵母菌病疗效观察的报告

目的:探讨火山蕨矿泉水煎液对外阴阴道假丝酵母菌病的疗效。方法:180例患者随机分为两组,对照组90例予制霉菌素(米克定)栓剂治疗,观察组90例给予火山蕨矿泉水煎液治疗。结果:对照组总有效率92.22%,复发率17.78%;观察组总有效率91.11%,复发率5.56%。两组总有效率仅差1.11%,比较无显著性差异,但观察组的治愈率和显效率均比对照组高,尤其是观察组复发率较低(P<0.05)。结论:火山蕨矿泉水煎液治疗外阴阴道假丝酵母菌病费用低、纯天然、无任何副作用,疗效显著。     

铜,锌对培养心肌细胞缺氧／再给氧损伤的影响

本文观察了不同浓度的铜、锌对培养乳鼠心肌细胞缺氧/再给氧损伤后超氧歧化酶(superoxid dismutase,SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(glutathione peroxidase,GSH-px)活性和脂质过氧化(lipid peroxidation,LPO)代谢产物丙二醛(malondialodehyde,MDA)含量改变,以及乳酸脱氢酶(lactate dehydrogenase,LDH)释放的影响。结果表明:缺氧/再给氧后,心肌细胞SOD活性降低,GSH-px活性和MDA含量增高,LDH释放增加。铜、锌均能不同程度地提高SOD活性,但铜的作用强于锌。锌、铜均可降低LDH的释放,但锌的作用强于铜,锌、铜浓度过高反而增加LDH的释放。此外,铜使GSH-px活性明显升高,并显著降低MDA含量。     

肺癌100例诊断与治疗分析

为使肺癌患者能够得到早期诊断和治疗，将１９８９年至１９９５年内科住院１００例肺癌患者进行年龄、吸烟、临床表现、Ｘ线特征、诊断方法和治疗措施进行分析比较，Ｘ线检查特征发现肺癌高发年龄在４０岁～７０岁（占６０％），１０％的患者小于４０岁，有趋于年轻化趋势，有６２％患者有吸烟史，吸烟与肺癌发生有关，临床表现无特异性，全身表现多样化，多种诊断方法有利于提高肺癌确诊率纤支镜法５７％，脱落细胞学（胸水、痰）２２％，活组织检查（淋巴结、胸膜）１７％，早期诊断困难，晚期肺癌应用以化疗或放疗为主的综合治疗，有利于提高患者的生存率和改变生活质量，全身化学治疗的总有效率５６．７％，局部化学治疗的总有效率６３．６％。     

Surgical Treatment of Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer in the Medicare Population

BACKGROUND: Nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC) is the most common malignancy of white populations. Different surgical treatment options can be used to treat these tumors, depending on the tumor characteristics and setting. OBJECTIVE: To determine how frequently different specialists use the different types of surgical options available for the treatment of NMSC using a 1998-1999 sample of Medicare claims data. METHODS: Episodes of care of NMSC were identified by pathology claims with a diagnosis of NMSC. The surgical interventions performed within 7 days before the pathologic diagnosis of NMSC were then analyzed. The numbers of patients and the variety of surgical treatments were categorized by specialty to include dermatology, general surgery, and plastic surgery. RESULTS: Dermatologists managed 82% of the NMSC episodes. Dermatologists used a wider range of different treatment options than other specialists and performed 90% of the biopsies, 56% of the excisions, 95% of the destructions, and 100% of the Mohs micrographic surgeries for NMSC. CONCLUSIONS: Dermatologists identify and manage most of the NMSC in the United States and offer patients a broad range of surgical options. The use by dermatologists of office-based surgical methods not commonly used by other specialists may partially explain previous findings of better NMSC outcome by dermatologists. The low level of use of specific surgical options by some specialists may indicate the need for greater training/exposure to these methods.     

高频离心铸造过程中金属液体最佳铸入角度的研究

目的 :探讨高频离心铸造过程中金属液体最佳铸入角度。方法 :采用螺纹型试件 ,测量不同铸入角度试件的铸入率。结果 :铸入角度 45°～ 60°时试件的铸流率高。结论 :高频离心铸造过程中金属液体最佳铸入角度为 45°～ 60°