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101.
DLA-identical bone marrow grafts after low-dose total body irradiation: effects of high-dose corticosteroids and cyclosporine on engraftment 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:2
Yu C; Storb R; Mathey B; Deeg HJ; Schuening FG; Graham TC; Seidel K; Burnett R; Wagner JL; Shulman H 《Blood》1995,86(11):4376-4381
Previous studies found that marrow allografts from DLA-identical littermates resulted in survival of 60% of recipient dogs after an otherwise lethal dose of 450 cGy of total body irradiation (TBI), either because of successful allografts or autologous recovery after rejection of the allografts. Forty percent of dogs died with marrow aplasia after allograft rejection. The current study asked whether allogeneic engraftment could be enhanced and survival improved by treating allograft recipients with high doses of corticosteroids or with cyclosporine (CSP), administered either before or after transplantation. Five dogs in group 1 received corticosteroids beginning on day -5 and ending on day 32 after transplant. The starting dose was 12.5 mg of prednisone per kilogram orally twice daily. All five dogs rejected their allografts; three died early with marrow aplasia and two showed endogenous marrow recovery. Nine dogs received CSP from day -6 to day -1 before transplantation at a dose of 20 mg/kg/d intravenously administered in divided doses. All nine dogs rejected the marrow allograft; six died with marrow aplasia and three survived with endogenous marrow recovery. Seven dogs received CSP after transplantation at a dose of 30 mg/kg/d orally from day -1 to day 35. All seven had sustained allografts (two mixed chimeras and five complete donor-type chimeras) and became healthy long-term survivors without graft-versus-host disease. These results extend previous observations and confirm that grafts of marrow from DLA-identical littermates improved survival of dogs exposed to low but otherwise lethal doses of TBI. Additional therapy with high-dose corticosteroids administered peritransplantation and posttransplantation or CSP administered before transplantation neither enhanced the rate of allogeneic engraftment nor improved survival; however, CSP administered after transplantation resulted in successful allografts and event-free survival in all cases. 相似文献
102.
FG K?ln 《MedR Medizinrecht》2008,26(5):320-322
Abstrakt Bedient sich ein Arzt nicht nur vorübergehend der Mithilfe eines Berufskollegen, so erzielt er
Einkünfte aus Gewerbebetrieb, wenn er nicht eigenverantwortlich dessen T?tigkeiten überwacht
und wenn der Berufskollege auch nicht als Mitunternehmer t?tig ist. 相似文献
103.
104.
105.
Clinically relevant anterograde amnesia and its relationship with blood levels of benzodiazepines in suicide attempters who took an overdose 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Verwey B Muntendam A Ensing K Essink G Pasker-de Jong PC Willekens FL Zitman FG 《Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry》2005,29(1):47-53
The relationship between anterograde amnesia, sedation and plasma levels of benzodiazepines was studied prospectively in a group of 24 patients who took an overdose of benzodiazepines. Patients were tested on two sequential days after having taken an overdose. Anterograde amnesia was tested by using a verbal recall test and a photo recognition test. Sedation was scored on a visual analogue scale (VAS) by the patient and the interviewer. The concentration of benzodiazepines in plasma was measured by using a radioreceptor assay that adds benzodiazepines and their active metabolites. The cumulative amount of benzodiazepines was expressed as diazepam equivalents (DZE). Diazepam equivalents determined by this radioreceptor assay were significantly higher on the first day than on the second day. Ratings on the verbal recall test were significantly lower on the first day than on the second day. There was a significant relation between decrease of diazepam equivalents and increase of verbal recall: more than 30% of increase of verbal recall was explained by decrease of diazepam equivalents. There was not a strong relation between decrease of diazepam equivalents and reduction of level of sedation as scored by the patients. There was almost no relation between decrease of diazepam equivalents and reduction of level of sedation as scored by the interviewer. No relation was found between verbal recall, sedation and diazepam equivalents. There was no relation between diazepam equivalents and photo recognition. It was concluded that anterograde amnesia was strongly associated with benzodiazepines in patients who take benzodiazepines in an overdose. Sedation does not predict the degree of anterograde amnesia. 相似文献
106.
Stolker JJ Heerdink ER Zitman FG Leufkens HG 《Pharmacoepidemiology and drug safety》2004,13(6):395-398
PURPOSE: The objective of the present study is to compare two different study designs (with and without corrections for correlated measures) to identify possible determinants of psychotropic drug use in an intensive care unit (ICU). METHODS: In a logistic regression analysis, odds ratios (OR) were calculated for days in which patients were exposed to psychotropics compared with non-exposed days. In order to adjust for correlated measures, logistic regression with a logistic binomial model was applied. RESULTS: We found that adjustment for correlated measures did not result in major changes in the OR. However, with more observations per patient parameter, adjustment for correlation has greater effect. CONCLUSIONS: Adjustment for correlated measures may be useful in longitudinal drug analyses. 相似文献
107.
108.
109.
Metabolism of 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP) by human cytochrome P4501B1 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
Cytochrome P4501B1 (CYP1B1) is the most recently identified member of the
dioxin-inducible CYP1 family. CYP1B1 is constitutively expressed in most
human tissues, including colon and breast, and can activate numerous
chemically diverse carcinogens. We evaluated the metabolism of the dietary
heterocyclic amine carcinogen 2-amino-1-methyl-6-
phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP) by microsomes from yeast expressing the
human CYP1B1 protein. PhIP metabolites were analysed by HPLC with
fluorescence and absorbance detection. We found that human CYP1B1
metabolizes PhIP to three products: N2-OH-PhIP, a mutagenic activation
product; 4'-OH-PhIP, a detoxification product; and 2-OH-PhIP, the mutagenic
potential of which is unknown. Metabolite identity was confirmed by
co-elution with authentic standards and synchronous fluorescence
spectroscopy. The identity of the 2-OH-PhIP standard was additionally
confirmed by mass spectrometry. Kinetic studies of the formation of
N2-OH-PhIP, 4'-OH-PhIP and 2-OH-PhIP by CYP1B1 indicated apparent Km values
of 5.7 +/- 1.3, 2.2 +/- 0.5 and 1.3 +/- 0.2 microM, respectively. Apparent
turnover rates were 0.40 +/- 0.03, 0.93 +/- 0.02 and 0.04 +/- 0.00 nmol
product/min nmol P450, respectively. At saturating levels of substrate,
CYP1B1-mediated formation of the non- mutagenic metabolite 4'-OH-PhIP was
favored two-fold over that of the mutagenic metabolite, N2-OH-PhIP and
>10-fold over that of 2-OH-PhIP. The formation of N2-OH-PhIP, a potent
mutagen implicated in the etiology of human colon and breast cancer,
indicates that CYP1B1 may play an important role in PhIP-mediated
carcinogenesis.
相似文献
110.
Zolpidem is not superior to temazepam with respect to rebound insomnia: a controlled study. 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Richard C Oude Voshaar Anton J L M van Balkom Frans G Zitman 《European neuropsychopharmacology》2004,14(4):301-306
This randomised controlled trial was conducted to compare zolpidem to an equivalent dose of temazepam with respect to subjective rebound insomnia after cessation of 4 weeks of treatment in chronic insomnia (zolpidem 10 mg, n=79; temazepam 20 mg, n=84). Both agents improved total sleep time (TST) as well as sleep onset latency (SOL) significantly during the 4 treatment weeks. Prevalence rates for rebound insomnia, defined as a worsening of TST or SOL of more than 40% compared to baseline, were 27% for TST and 53% for SOL in the Zolpidem condition and 26% and 58%, respectively, in the temazepam condition. No significant differences were found between both agents with respect to rebound insomnia, nor with respect to their efficacy or safety. We conclude that in clinical practice zolpidem has no advantages over temazepam with respect to rebound insomnia. 相似文献