过敏性鼻炎患者血液嗜酸性粒细胞FcεRI和CD63表达研究

目的：检测过敏性鼻炎（allergic rhinitis,AR）患者外周血嗜酸性粒细胞FcεRI和CD63的表达。方法：收集AR患者和健康人（healthy controls,HCs）的外周血,用蒿草花粉和尘螨过敏原粗提液刺激,流式细胞仪检测嗜酸性粒细胞富集群中FcεRI和CD63的表达情况。结果：静息状态下,AR患者[0.92%（0.70%~1.64%）]相比于HCs[0.71%（0.43%~0.97%）]嗜酸性粒细胞比例上调（Z=-2.050,P=0.041）;AR患者[6.19%（3.05%,8.19%）;1 462（1 164,1 720）]FcεRI+嗜酸性粒细胞的比例和平均荧光强度（mean fluorescence intensity,MFI）比HCs[3.16%（1.55%,4.53%）;808（524,1308）]增加（Z=-2.102,P=0.036）;AR患者[2 031 （1 725,3 338）]CD63+嗜酸性粒细胞的MFI比HCs[1 491（1 297,1 613）]升高36%（Z=-3.192,P=0.002）。0.1 μg/mL蒿草过敏原粗提液[2 618（2 131,3 315）]和1.0 μg/mL蒿草过敏原粗提液[3 108（2 317,3 792）]能诱导AR患者CD63+嗜酸性粒细胞的MFI上调（Z=-2.667,P=0.008;Z=-2.845,P=0.004）。结论：嗜酸性粒细胞表达的FcεRI和CD63参与AR发病。过敏原特异性嗜酸性粒细胞激发试验检测CD63的表达,可能成为AR诊断的补充实验。     

近红外光谱技术及其在药学领域的应用进展

近红外光谱技术是一种简便、快速、无损的检测手段,在药学领域得到了广泛的应用。文章综述了近红外光谱技术的发展历程及其在药学领域的应用现状,展望了其应用及发展前景。     

新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情期间肝移植病房管理单中心经验

自2019年12月发生的新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)影响范围广、感染人数多,在对社会生活造成严重影响的同时,也给医院器官移植病房的管理带来了巨大挑战。肝移植受者术后免疫力低下,新型冠状病毒(2019-nCoV)易感性可能较普通人群更高。因此,肝移植病房的管理具有其特殊性。COVID-19疫情期间,青岛大学附属医院肝脏移植科医护人员通过学习国家卫生健康委员会发布的COVID-19防控和诊疗方案以及相关指南,加强医护人员自身防护,制订适应疫情形势的住院患者管理流程,完善患者及其家属COVID-19相关知识宣教,建立并优化肝移植病房管理方案。期望通过特殊时期肝移植病房的有效管理,在予肝移植受者科学治疗的同时,有效避免2019-nCoV感染。     

Primary Culture of Alveolar Epithelial Type Ⅱ Cells and Its Bionomic Study

To establish a better method of primary culture for alveolar epithelial type Ⅱ cells (AEC Ⅱ) and to study its bionomics, alveolar epithelial type Ⅱ cells were isolated by digestion with tryp- sin and collagenase, which were then purified by plated into culture flask coated with rat immu- noglobulin G. The purified AEC Ⅱ were identified by alkaline phosphatase staining, electron mi- croscopy, immunocytochemical staining of pulmonary surfactant protein A (SPA). The SPA expres- sion and transfection characteristics were compared with those of A549 cell line. The results showed that AEC Ⅱ could be isolated by digestion with trysin and collagenase and purified by adhesive pu- rification by using IgG, with a yield of about 2–3×107, and a purity of about 75%–84 %. Cells could be quickly identified with AKP staining. AECⅡ were different from A549 cell line in terms of SPA expression and transfection characteristics. It is concluded that adhesive purification with IgG can improve the purity of AECⅡ, and AKP staining is simple in cell identification. AECⅡ can not be completely replaced by A549 cells in some studies because the differences between them, such as SPA expression.     

Increased Expression of PI-3K in Asthmatic Rat T Lymphocytes

In order to explore the expression of PI-3K in T lymphocytes of asthmatic rats and the relationship between PI-3K and activation of T lymphocytes, 24 Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: normal control group, asthmatic one-week group, asthmatic two-week group and asth-matic four-week group. T cells were purified from blood of each rat and the expression of PI-3K was observed by immunocytochemical fluorescence staining, the semiquantitative fluorescence intensity was measured by HPIAS-2000 analytic software, and the expression of IL-4 in supernatants was de-tected by ELISA. The results showed that the fluorescence intensity of T lymphocytes in asthmatic groups was significantly higher than that in normal control (P<0.001), indicating that the expression of PI-3K in T lymphocytes of asthmatic rats was significantly higher than that in those of normal controls, and the difference between acute and chronic stage asthmatic groups was significant (P<0.05). The expression levels of IL-4 protein in supernatants of asthmatic T lymphocytes were sig-nificantly higher than those in the normal controls (P<0.05). There was a significant positive correla-tion between the expression of PI-3K in T lymphocytes and the IL-4 protein expression in super-natants (r=0.583, P<0.01). It was suggested that PI-3K signal pathway may participate in the proc-esses of activation and other cytological effects of asthmatic T lymphocytes, thus may play an impor-tant roles in the pathogenesis of asthma.     

Inhibitory activity of nuclear factor-κB potentiates cisplatin-induced apoptosis in A549 cells

Whether inhibiting the activity of nuclear factor （NF）-κB potentiates cisplatin-induced apoptosis in non-small cell lung cell line A549 cells was investigated. The recombinant plasmid pcDNA3.1（＋）/IκBα expressing IκBα was constructed. The in vitro cultured A549 cells were transfected with pcDNA3.1 （＋）/IκBα alone, or pcDNA3.1（＋）/IκBα combined with cisplatin. The mitochondrial membrane potential （△ψm） was determined by rhodamine 123, the activity of caspase-3 was tested by colorimetric assay, and cell apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry with the annexin V/propidium iodide assay. The results showed that the activity of NF-κB in A549 cells was inhibited by transfecting pcDNA3.1（＋）/IκBα. Transfection of pcDNA3.1（＋）/IκBα alone did not promote apoptosis. Treatment of cisplatin alone had a little effect on cell apoptosis. Transfection of pcDNA3.1（＋）/IκBα combined with cisplatin treatment significantly induced apoptosis of A549 ceils. It was concluded that inhibiting the activity of NF-κB potentiated cisplatin-induced apoptosis of A549 cells.     

医院中西药房合并的利弊分析与探讨

近年来，随着我国医疗市场的开放和竞争的加剧，医院的改革正逐步深入，从扩外延到抓内涵，从提高医技质量到改善服务水平，从整合科室结构到转变管理理念，一切紧紧围绕着市场对医疗水平的高质量需求而展开。药剂科作为医院医疗工作中的一个重要科室，其改革不但影响着医院的医疗质量，而且直接关系到医院改革的成败及医院的健康发展。     

老年慢性病共病患者多重用药管理分析与评论

积极落实以老年慢性病共病患者为中心的多重用药管理策略,能够识别和纠正老年慢性病共病患者的用药差错,避免潜在用药错误的发生,减少并控制药源性疾病的发生与发展,进而有助于提高疾病临床治疗效果,延缓疾病发展进程,从而有利于疾病控制达标,提高老年慢性病共病患者的生活质量。本研究针对老年慢性病共病患者存在的多重用药问题,从强化顶层设计、组建老年多学科团队、革新患者药物管理产品技术、满足患者对药物信息的需求等方面对干预措施进行总结,旨在为今后我国老年慢性病共病患者的用药管理提供参考。本研究发现,老年慢性病共病患者多重用药问题突出。基于老年人的用药特点,积极探索多途径的多重用药管理策略是目前改善老年慢性病共病患者多重用药问题的重要突破点。     

CT联合模板引导放射性粒子植入治疗不可手术的早期非小细胞肺癌

目的 探讨CT联合模板引导放射性粒子植入治疗不可手术的早期非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）的疗效和不良反应。方法 回顾性分析2010年12月到2016年10月间在天津医科大学第二医院接受CT引导下放射性粒子治疗的21例不可手术的T_1-2N₀M₀早期非小细胞肺癌患者。所有患者术前取得组织学病理,选用粒子活度18.5~29.6 MBq,处方剂量120~160 Gy,均在1次手术内完成粒子植入,术前及术后经TPS制定计划和质量验证。随访评价肿瘤局部控制率、总生存时间、无进展生存期、剂量验证满意率及不良反应。结果 中位随访时间为25.1个月（范围4.4~72.7个月）。1、2、3年的原发肿瘤局部控制率分别为100%、95.2%、95.2%。所有患者的中位总生存期为48个月,中位无进展生存期为43.4个月。1、2、3年生存率分别为100%、91.7%、72.9%。3年无进展生存率为70.2%。术后质量验证满意率为100%。与治疗相关的不良事件包括：气胸、支气管出血、胸膜出血、咳嗽、肺部纤维化及粒子移位。其中7例患者发生1级不良事件（33.3%）;4例患者发生2级不良事件（19%）。无3级或更高级别不良事件发生。结论 CT联合模板引导放射性粒子植入治疗T_1-2N₀M₀的NSCLC肿瘤局部控制率较高,治疗相关不良反应较少,可作为不可手术的早期非小细胞肺癌治疗的一种选择。     

急诊科医护人员过度氧疗知信行多中心调查及影响因素分析

目的 调查急诊科医护人员过度氧疗知信行现状,并探索其影响因素,旨在为临床开展氧疗相关培训、规范氧疗行为提供参考。 方法 采用急诊科医护人员过度氧疗知信行问卷,对全国10个省市20所二级及以上综合性医院的急诊科医护人员998人进行调查。 结果 急诊科医护人员过度氧疗知信行总分为（120.76±13.61）分,知识、态度、行为维度得分分别为（29.54±5.45）分、（41.60±4.44）分和（49.62±9.49）分。多元线性回归分析结果显示,急诊科医护人员过度氧疗知信行的主要影响因素为医院级别、近12个月内是否学习过相关文献、职业、是否参加过相关培训、职务等（均P＜0.05）。 结论 急诊科医护人员对过度氧疗知识、态度、行为水平均处于中等水平。医院管理者应针对影响因素对急诊科医护人员进行过度氧疗知识培训,改变氧疗观念,以规范临床用氧,提高氧疗质量。