Differences in incidence and fatality of COVID-19 by SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant versus Delta variant in relation to vaccine coverage: A world-wide review

We aim to evaluate the evolution differences in the incidence and case fatality rate (CFR) of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Delta and Omicron variants. The average incidence and CFRs were described between different countries. A gamma generalized linear mixed model (GLMM) was used to compare the CFRs of Delta and Omicron variants based on vaccination coverage. Totally, 50 countries were included for analyses. The incidence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) ranged from 0.16/100,000 to 82.95/100,000 during the Delta period and 0.03/100,000 to 440.88/100,000 during the Omicron period. The median CFRs were 8.56 (interquartile range [IQR]: 4.76–18.39) during the Delta period and 3.04 (IQR: 1.87–7.48) during the Omicron period, respectively. A total of 47 out of 50 countries showed decreased CFRs of the Omicron variant with the rate ratio ranging from 0.02 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.01–0.03) (in Cambodia) to 0.97 (95% CI: 0.87–1.08) (in Ireland). Gamma GLMM analysis showed that the decreased CFR was largely a result of the decreased pathogenicity of Omicron besides the increased vaccination coverage. The Omicron variant shows a higher incidence but a lower CFR around the world as a whole, which is mainly a result of the decreased pathogenicity by SARS-CoV-2's mutation, while the vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 still acts as a valuable measure in preventing people from death.     

Early warning signals for Omicron outbreaks in China: A retrospective study

The Omicron variant has become the dominant COVID-19 variant worldwide due to its rapid and cryptic spread. Therefore, successful early warning is of great importance to be able to control epidemics in their early phase, before developing into large outbreaks. COVID-19-related Baidu search index, which reflects human behavior to a certain degree, was used to retrospectively detect the warning signs for Omicron variant outbreaks in China in 2022. The characteristics and effects of warning signs were analyzed in detail. We detected the presence of early warning signs (both high and low thresholds) and found that these occurred 4–7 days earlier than traditional epidemiological surveillance and >20 days earlier than the implementation of the local “lockdown” policy. Compared with the “high threshold” warning, the early warning effect of the “low threshold” is also vital because it indicates a negligence about epidemic prevention and control. However, there is obvious heterogeneity in the optimal threshold for detecting early warning signs and their distribution in different cities. Multi-source and multi-point early warning systems should be established via combining internet-based big data in the future to conduct effective and early real-time warning. This would create precious time for the early control of COVID-19 outbreaks.     

The acceptance of SARS-CoV-2 rapid antigen self-testing: A cross-sectional study in China

Compared with the nucleic acid amplification test (NATT), the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) rapid antigen self-testing (RAST) has advantages in speed and convenience. However, little is known about people's acceptance and influencing factors for SARS-CoV-2 RAST. A cross-sectional study was conducted from April 21 to 30, 2022 in China. The χ² test and multivariate logistic regressions were used to identify the influencing factors. The structural equation model was used to test the extended protective motivation theory (PMT) model hypotheses. Among the total of 5107 participants, 62.5% were willing to accept the SARS-CoV-2 RAST. There were significant differences in acceptance among different residences (p < 0.001), educational level (p < 0.001), occupation (p < 0.001), monthly income (p < 0.001), travel frequency (p < 0.05), and feelings about NATT (p < 0.001). Response efficacy (β = 0.05; p = 0.025) and self-efficacy (β = 0.84; p < 0.001) had a positive effect, while response cost showed a negative effect (β = −0.07; p < 0.001). The public's major concerns about SARS-CoV-2 RAST are its reliability, testing method, price, and authority. Overall, a moderate intention to use SARS-CoV-2 RAST was found among the Chinese population. The extended PMT can be used for the prediction of intention to accept the RAST. We need to take measures to increase people's acceptance of SARS-CoV-2 RAST.     

Primary hepatic non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: a case report and review of the literature

~ hepatic lympholna (PHL) is very uncommon, with which most clinicians are not fallliar. We report a case Of p~ hepatic non-Hodgkin's lymphomawhoSe clinical ~stalons were Presented edng withP~ssiVe liVer failure, and the comet diagnosis wascoallrmed by liver biopsy. A review of the lite~re anddiscussion of PHL ~ also Presented.~ ~ ~sPatient A 32-year-old man was abbotted to ourdepallment on APril l, 1999 because of fatigUe, anowhaand loss Of weight for 5 months, feVer for 4 d. The onse…     

Role of Th1/Th2 cells activation in chronic hepatitis B virus infection

Clonal analysis of mndne T cells has led to the idenuncation of Z typeS of Th cells, Thl and on. Thl cells,chacterized by secreting interferon-y (Iap-Y), interleukin-2 (IL2) and tumor necrosis factor-5 (TNF-3), involved Principally in cell-mediated ~ity and play acrucial role in defending the host against intracellularPathogens such as a Vallety of yi~es. ThZ cells,secreting IL4, ms, IL-6 and ilo, mostly regulateh~ immune responSe, and may oafs Paxtial PIDtection against extracellula…     

19例黄色瘤影像分析

通过对１９例黄色瘤影像分析,认为其基本表现为颅骨多发性破坏和肺部网粟粒状浸润,５岁以上儿童有颅骨广泛破坏应首先考虑本病,并应常规摄胸片检查。分析认为,Ｘ线平片检查是认一病的主要手段,ＣＴ和ＭＲＩ可作为必要补充,ＭＲＩ对显示垂体腺的细胞微病变具有重要意义。     

癌基因c-erbB-2在膀胱移行细胞癌中的扩增

0　引言　为探讨癌基因 c- erb B- 2的扩增与膀胱移行细胞癌(TCC)的关系 ,我们以斑点杂交的方法对 40例膀胱 TCC标本中 c- erb B- 2的扩增情况进行了检测 ,以期明确 c- erb B- 2扩增与膀胱 TCC病理分级及患者预后的关系 .1　材料和方法　 40例膀胱 TCC患者术后石蜡包埋标本 ,随访 5～ 10 a. 11例正常膀胱粘膜石蜡标本作为对照 . c- erb B-c DNA p CER2 0 4质粒由东京大学提供 ,Bothringer缺口平移 DNA标记试剂盒及 32 P标记 d CTP购于北京福瑞公司 .所有石蜡标本经脱蜡及蛋白酶消化 ,以酚 /氯仿抽提 DNA,乙醇沉淀 .每份样品取…     

大黄对脂质过氧化物——丙二醛的影响

应用富含脂质过氧化物丙二醛的鼠民中药大黄孵育,观察药物对ＭＤＡ的影响。结果显示,大黄对ＭＤＡ呈明显抑制作用,且抑制作用有明显的量效关系。提示临床应用大黄可以抑制ＭＤＡ生成过多,从而减少轻组织器官损伤,防止痛情恶化。     

喉大部切除联合双蒂肌皮瓣声门整复术的疗效

目的 探讨喉癌手术的疗效,提高喉癌病人的生存质量。方法 ５３例男性声门型鳞状细胞癌采用垂直前侧位喉大部切除颈前皮瓣和肌筋膜双蒂整复术。术后辅以放疗。结果 ５３例病人术后吞咽及发音功能基本恢复,拔管率９２．５％,３年生存率为８２．５％,５年生存率为７６．８％。结论 对一侧声带癌向前至声带前联合并累及对侧声带前１／３的病人,采用垂直前侧位喉大部切除颈前皮瓣和肌筋膜双蒂整复是一种有效的术式,在切除肿瘤的