Optical coherence tomography and histopathological assessment of delayed arterial healing after drug-eluting stent implant in a pig coronary model

Background

Delayed healing, such as persistent inflammation and fibrin deposition, and vascular dysfunction after drug-eluting stent has been reported. Histological validation of coronary optical coherence tomography (OCT) morphology has not yet been done.

Methods

Sirolimus eluting stents (SES, n = 8) and bare metal stents (BMS n = 8) were implanted in pig coronary arteries. One month after implantation, an acetylcholine challenge test and OCT were performed. The OCT texture pattern of the neointima was classified into one of the three categories; Layered type, Homo type, and Hetero type. Hearts were harvested for histopathological scoring of inflammation and intramural thrombus.

Results

Inflammation and intramural thrombus scores were higher in the Hetero type than in the Layered type and Homo type. OCT intensity of the Homo type was higher than that of the Layered type and Hetero type. Most SES were of the Hetero type. Conversely, most BMS were of the Homo type. SES exhibited higher inflammation and intramural thrombus than BMS (1.72 ± 0.89 vs 1.00 ± 0.00, P = 0.0003, 2.39 ± 0.70 vs 0.92 ± 0.28, P < 0.001 respectively). After acetylcholine injection, the diameter change was 4.31 ± 4.80% for SES versus − 3.68 ± 6.81% for BMS (P = 0.024).

Conclusions

The Hetero type texture pattern in OCT images was associated with histological inflammation and intramural thrombus predominantly found in SES, and is related to endothelial dysfunction.     

合并慢性肾功能不全的冠心病介入治疗术中造影剂用量与肾功能不全的相关性研究

目的 :研究合并慢性肾功能不全的冠心病介入治疗术中造影剂用量与肾功能不全的相关性 ,并探讨造影剂相关性肾病 (CAN)发生的临床易患因素。方法 :10 4例合并慢性肾功能不全的冠心病患者单盲随机分为直接置入支架术 (Ⅰ组 ,n =5 2 )和预扩张后置入支架术 (Ⅱ组 ,n =5 2 )。两组患者围手术期接受小剂量多巴胺加水化疗法进行肾功能保护 ,观察两组间造影剂用量、肾功能情况、X线曝光时间和手术时间及球囊导管 ,分析高龄、术前肾功能不全的程度、心功能及糖尿病对术后肾功能恶化的影响。肾功能恶化通过CAN发生例数来评价。结果 :Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组全部手术成功。Ⅰ组造影剂用量、X线曝光时间、手术时间及球囊导管用量均低于Ⅱ组 ,4项数据两组间均有显著性差异 ;Ⅰ组术后 48h内血清肌酐值 (2 62± 0 3 3mg/dl)低于Ⅱ组 (3 0 1± 0 40mg/dl) ,P <0 0 1;CAN者Ⅰ组 (8例 )明显低于Ⅱ组 (19例 ) ,P <0 0 1。 2 7例CAN者中造影剂用量的多少与CAN之间有显著差异 (P <0 0 1) ,高龄与CAN的发生有关 (P <0 0 1) ,术前肾功能不全的程度与CAN的发生有关 (P <0 0 1) ,心功能NYHAⅡ～Ⅲ级CAN发生例数明显高于NYHAⅠ级 (P <0 0 1) ,糖尿病CAN发生例数明显高于非糖尿病 (P <0 0 1)。结论 :合并慢性肾功能不全的冠心病介入     

Ubiquitin conjugation of hepatitis B virus core antigen DNA vaccine leads to enhanced cell-mediated immune response in BALB/c mice

Background

Nearly 350 million persons worldwide are chronically infected with hepatitis B virus (HBV). Ubiquitin (Ub) is a highly conserved small regulatory protein, ubiquitous in eukaryotes, that usually serves as a signal for the target protein that is recognised and degraded in proteasomes . The Ub-mediated processing of antigens is rapid and efficient and stimulates cell-mediated immune responses. Accordingly, Ub-mediated processing of antigens has been widely used in chronic-infection and cancer studies to improve immune response.

Objectives

Many clinical trials have shown that DNA vaccine potency needs to be greatly enhanced. Here, we report a new strategy for designing an HBV DNA vaccine using the ubiquitin (Ub) sequence. The aim of this study was to investigate a novel DNA vaccination, based on the expression of HBV core antigen (HBcAg), fused to Ub to enhance DNA vaccine potency.

Materials and Methods

Mouse ubiquitin fused to the HBcAg gene and cloned into the eukaryotic vector pcDNA3.1 (-). BALB/c mice were immunized with recombinant pUb-HBcAg or pHBcAg DNA vaccine. Lymphocyte proliferation assay, intracellular IFN-γ assay, CTL cytotoxicity assay, and antibody assay were performed to analyze the cellular and humoral immune responses to our DNA constructs.

Results

HBcAg was expressed effectively in the COS-7 cells that were transiently transfected with pUb-HBcAg. Strong anti-HBc IgG responses were elicited in mice that were immunized with pUb-HBcAg. The endpoint titers of anti-HBc peaked at 1:656100 on the 42nd day after the third immunization. pUb-HBcAg stimulated greater lymphocyte proliferation and induced higher levels of IL-2 and IFN-γ and a greater percentage of HBcAg-specific CD8+ T cells in mice than pHBcAg. In the CTL assay, the specific lysis rate reached 56.5% at an effector:target ratio of 50:1 in mice that were immunized with pUb-HBcAg.

Conclusions

pUb-HBcAg elicits specific anti-HBc responses and induces HBc-specific CTL responses in immunized BALB/c mice. Our results imply that Ub can be used as a molecular adjuvant that enhances the potency of DNA vaccines.     

博州吸毒劳教人群HIV感染状况调查分析

1997～1998年对新疆博州劳教所325名戒毒者进行了调查,结果HIV感染率为17.2％,共用注射器吸毒率为70.2％(RR11.5)。HIV感染者以青少年、初中以下文化程度的无业游民和个体经营者为主。民族分布以维吾尔族HIV感染率最高(25.4％)。发现1例梅毒与HIV的重叠感染者和1例AIDS继发空洞性肺结核的死亡病例。     

Changing etiology of liver failure in 3,916 patients from northern China: a 10-year survey

Purpose

To investigate the etiological characteristics of patients with liver failure in the past 10 years.

Methods

Clinical and investigational data in hospitalized patients with liver failure admitted from 2002 to 2011 were retrospectively analyzed. Standard definitions and criteria were used to assess disease etiology.

Results

Of these 3,916 patients, 3,429 (87.6 %) had acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF), 114 (2.9 %) acute liver failure (ALF), and 373 (9.5 %) subacute liver failure. Viral infection was the most common cause of liver failure in the 3,295 patients (84.1 %). Hepatitis of unknown etiology was deemed responsible for 371 cases of liver failure (9.5 %). Drug-induced liver injury, alcoholic hepatitis, and autoimmune hepatitis led to 120 cases (3.1 %), 109 cases (2.8 %), and 19 cases (0.5 %), respectively. The most common cause of ACLF was HBV infection (87.3 %), while the main causes of acute and subacute liver failure were hepatitis of unknown etiology (39.4 %), viral infection (36.6 %), and drug-induced liver injury (19.3 %). Our data showed that the incidence of liver failure caused by HBV gradually decreased from 86.5 % in 2002 to 69.2 % in 2011. However, the incidence of hepatitis of unknown etiology, drug-induced liver injury, and alcoholic hepatitis was increased.

Conclusions

HBV infection is the main cause of liver failure in China. However, the incidence of HBV-related liver failure has gradually decreased in the past 10 years. Hepatitis of unknown etiology has replaced HBV infection as the most common apparent cause of acute liver failure.     

田鼠巴贝虫(Babesia mocroti)的超微结构观察

目的 观察田鼠巴贝虫的超微结构,了解田鼠巴贝虫在宿主红细胞中发育的形态变化。方法 运用扫描电镜观察田鼠巴贝虫侵入宿主红细胞的过程,运用透射电镜观察田鼠巴贝虫发育的形态变化过程及宿主红细胞形态变化情况。结果 扫描电镜下观察到田鼠巴贝虫裂殖子大小在406~981nm之间,虫体发育过程分为裂殖子、分裂中的裂殖子、滋养体3个阶段,裂殖子是通过红细胞膜上微孔进入宿主红细胞,分裂中的裂殖子可使红细胞变形,滋养体是通过溶解红细胞膜游离红细胞。透射电镜观察到田鼠巴贝虫裂殖子的核膜为双层膜结构,虫体中有核糖体、微管、内质网、线粒体和溶酶体等完整的细胞器,分裂中的裂殖子在侵入后期可见食物空泡,滋养体的外膜和核不规则,胞浆中含有颗粒和空泡,宿主红细胞的电子密度随着虫体的发育而逐渐变稀疏。结论 田鼠巴贝虫是含有完整细胞器的单细胞有机体,具有一般细胞所有的基本结构,它能完成多细胞动物所具有的生命机能,并以宿主红细胞中的血红蛋白作为生存氧料。     

成骨细胞分泌白细胞介素—6及其调控在骨质疏松症中的作用

目的研究成骨细胞分泌白细胞介素－６（ＩＬ－６）在骨吸收代谢中的作用。方法从新生大鼠颅骨分离出成骨细胞，采用杂交瘤细胞系Ｂ９细胞增殖方法检测细胞ＩＬ－６的分泌量，并研究白细胞介素－１（ＩＬ－１）、肿瘤坏死因子（ＴＮＦ）、细菌脂多糖（ＬＰＳ）等因素对其活性的影响。结果新生鼠颅骨成骨细胞能自发分泌ＩＬ－６，该细胞的上清液能促进ＩＬ－６依赖的杂交瘤细胞系Ｂ９细胞增殖，其促增殖作用与细胞浓度有关，并可被抗ＩＬ－６抗体所抑制；在未加入单克隆抗体８的实验组内，ＩＬ－６的平均分泌值为３５．１±１２．０ｋＵ／Ｌ，明显高于加入单克隆抗体８组（４．３±６．０ｋＵ／Ｌ）。且当ＩＬ－１量从１ｋＵ／Ｌ增至１００００ｋＵ／Ｌ时，成骨细胞分泌量明显提高（最大３１０ｋＵ／Ｌ）。ＴＮＦ、ＬＰＳ也促进大鼠成骨细胞分泌ＩＬ－６。结论绝经期后雌激素水平下降引起的骨质疏松，可能与成骨细胞及其分泌ＩＬ－６的作用有关。     

电激心脏植物神经对心率变异性的影响

大量文献表明，心率变异性（HRV）功率谱的高频成份（HF）是迷走神经活动对窦房结影响程度大小的标志；HRV功率谱的低频成份（LF）表示了心交感神经或心交感与迷走神经共同对窦房结的紧张作用；在很多生理和病理情况下，RF（LF／HF的比值）代表了心交感迷走神经对窦房结调制的均衡状态。本文直接使用方波电刺激狗的心交感神经或迷走神经128S，观察到刺激心交感神经时的平均心率（HR）、LF和HF较刺激前无显著性变化，但平均心率的标准差（SD）和RF却显著增大；刺激心迷走神经时RF明显降低，其余指标与刺激前相比，无明显变化。说明直接使用电刺激心交感或迷走神经，可造成对窦房结调制作用的均衡状态改变。