Novel extraneural role of neurite outgrowth inhibitor A: modulation of osteoclastogenesis via positive feedback regulation of nuclear factor of activated T cell cytoplasmic 1

Osteoclasts are bone-resorbing cells differentiated from macrophage/monocyte lineage precursors upon receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL) stimulation. In a proteomic approach to identify proteins involved in osteoclastogenesis, we observed a dramatic increase in the expression of neurite outgrowth inhibitor A (Nogo-A) upon RANKL stimulation of mouse bone marrow macrophages (BMMs) in a nuclear factor of activated T cell cytoplasmic 1 (NFATc1)-dependent manner. The knockdown of Nogo-A in BMMs significantly reduced RANKL-dependent osteoclast differentiation accompanied by diminished NFATc1 induction, suggesting that a positive feedback mechanism is involved. Conversely, Nogo-A overexpression in BMMs as well as in RAW264.7 macrophages greatly augmented osteoclastogenesis, with concomitant increase in the NFATc1 induction. Both the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway and calcium oscillation, which are central to RANKL-dependent NFATc1 activation and induction, were enhanced by Nogo-A. Finally, Nogo-A knockdown in mouse calvariae prevented interleukin 1 (IL-1)-induced bone loss. These findings not only reveal an unprecedented extraneural role of Nogo-A in osteoclastogenesis but also suggest a novel drug target against bone-lytic diseases.     

血清前白蛋白评价甲状腺功能亢进患者营养状况的价值

目的观测甲状腺功能亢进患者血清前白蛋白(PA)水平的变化,探讨其评价营养状况的价值。方法应用Olympus AU2700全自动生化分析仪,测定74例甲状腺功能亢进患者和50例正常对照组血清PA及白蛋白(ALB)含量。结果甲状腺机能亢进患者PA水平(232.7±67.5)mg/L明显低于正常对照组(294.1±50.3)mg/L,差异有统计学意义(t=5.553,P<0.001),74例患者中有22例(29.7%)PA水平低于正常参考值下限,血清ALB测定值(44.49±3.43)g/L与对照组测定值(45.97±3.22)g/L比较,虽有所降低,但幅度较小,且无1例低于正常参考值下限。相关分析表明,PA含量与甲状腺激素水平间呈明显负相关(P<0.05)。结论甲状腺功能亢进患者血清PA含量降低,且与患者病情的严重程度相关联,血清PA测定是判断甲状腺功能亢进患者营养状况的一项良好指标。     

NASA空间站航天员病症目录分析

目的对NASA空间站病症目录进行分析,为我国空间站医学保障设计和资源配置提供参考。方法对NASA空间探索任务病症清单(space medicine exploration medical condition list,SMEMCL)中的空间站病症进行应对优先情况汇总,并按照相应的标准进行分类及分级处理。结果按照应对优先等级划分,必须处理和酌情处理的病症占绝大多数(82.76%),属于不专项应对病症仅占很少部分。在对病症进行分类及分级后,可见分类中以临床病症占比例最大(82.72%);按照NASA病症分级标准(严重程度分级),属于轻中程度的病症最多(91.36%),极少部分属于严重病症。结论 NASA空间站病症目录详实全面,必须处理和酌情处理的轻中程度临床病症居多;在进行空间站航天员医学保障的设计和相关医学资源的配置时应重点考虑这部分病症,对其余病症适当兼顾。     

门静脉血栓的综合治疗

目的：探讨门静脉血栓的临床诊断及综合治疗。方法：45例中非手术治疗27例,介入溶栓10例,手术8例。结果：3例治愈,42例好转。结论：提高对本病的认识,及时辅以必要的辅助检查,是早期诊断的关键 选择个性化的治疗方案,是综合治疗成功的关键。     

早期自然流产患者绒毛滋养细胞中CXCL14的表达及其临床意义

目的研究正常早孕妇女和早期自然流产妇女之间绒毛滋养细胞中CXCL14的表达情况,探讨其表达的临床意义。方法选取33例正常早孕妇女绒毛组织和37例早期自然流产妇女绒毛组织,HE染色后光镜下观察两组绒毛组织的形态学变化;采用免疫组化SP三步法检测两组绒毛滋养细胞中CXCL14的表达。结果HE染色下两组绒毛滋养细胞形态对比,见早期自然流产组绒毛组织滋养细胞层变薄、滋养细胞变性甚至坏死、滋养细胞嗜酸性增强、绒毛间质水肿坏死;免疫组化示正常早孕组绒毛滋养细胞CXCL14的表达量为0.07±0.05,自然流产组绒毛滋养细胞CXCL14的表达量为0.12±0.02,两组比较差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.01）;首次流产组CXCL14表达量0.116±0.067,多次流产组CXCL14表达量0.086±0.127,两组比较差异无统计学意义（P＞0.01）。结论早期自然流产绒毛滋养细胞中CXCL14表达升高,可能在自然流产的发生中起着重要作用。     

抗肿瘤药物相关肾损害患者的临床病理特点分析

背景 肿瘤治疗措施导致的肾损害日益多见,而该领域关于相应患者肾脏病理的研究较少。目的 分析抗肿瘤药物相关肾损害患者的临床及肾脏病理特点。方法 选取2013年10月至2021年8月在河北医科大学第四医院肾内科住院并行肾穿刺活检的≥18岁患者112例,肾损害出现时间位于发现肿瘤后或者与肿瘤同一时间出现,肾损害与恶性肿瘤或者肿瘤相关治疗存在直接或间接关系;既往应用化疗、分子靶向药物或免疫检查点抑制剂等全身治疗的患者纳入抗肿瘤药物组(65例),其余患者纳入未用抗肿瘤药物组(47例)。收集患者的一般资料、实验室检查和病理资料。分析抗肿瘤药物相关肾损害患者的临床及肾脏病理特点。结果 抗肿瘤药物组中59例实体瘤患者发生急性肾损伤(AKI)30例(50.8%),6例血液系统肿瘤患者发生AKI 4例(4/6)。未用抗肿瘤药物组35例实体瘤患者中发生AKI 11例(31.4%),12例血液系统肿瘤患者发生AKI 6例(50.0%)。抗肿瘤药物组治疗前血肌酐低于治疗后(P<0.001)。抗肿瘤药物组性别、吸烟比例、血清白蛋白、尿蛋白阳性率与未用抗肿瘤药物组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);...     

鼠巨细胞病毒感染C57BL/6小鼠急性肝炎动物模型的建立与鉴定

目的：建立鼠巨细胞病毒（MCMV）感染C57BL/6小鼠急性肝炎模型并对其感染特点进行分析及鉴定。方法：将24 只C57BL/6小鼠随机分为阴性对照组（n =12）及病毒感染组（n =12）,病毒感染组腹腔注射1.0×106 PFU（200 μL）MCMV悬液,阴性对照组注射等体积小鼠胚胎成纤维细胞（MEF）悬液。于感染后第3天和第7天取外周血分离血清检测谷丙转氨酶（ALT）及谷草转氨酶（AST）。同时进行肝组织病毒分离、组织病理学及MCMV IE和M55基因、细胞因子白细胞介素-6（IL-6）、白细胞介素-1β（IL-1β）、肿瘤坏死因子α（TNF-α）的检测。结果：病毒感染组肝组织匀浆病毒分离均为阳性,肝炎发生率为100%。在感染后第3天即发生肝炎病理改变,病毒感染组血清ALT及AST较阴性对照组明显升高（P ＜0.01）;病毒感染组肝脏HE染色第3天可见局灶性炎性细胞浸润及肝脏点灶状坏死,持续至第7天,Ishak评分较阴性对照组明显升高（P ＜0.01）;在感染后第3天病毒感染组肝组织内可检测到MCMV IE及M55基因,且在感染后第7天仍可测得IE基因;感染后第3天及第7天病毒感染组炎性细胞因子IL-6、TNF-α及IL-1β mRNA表达水平明显升高（P ＜0.05）。 结论：成功建立MCMV感染C57BL/6小鼠急性动物肝炎模型,其感染表现主要集中在急性感染前期。     

Ultrasound and Microbubbles： Their Functions in Gene Transfer In Vitro

To examine the role of ultrasound in gene delivery in vitro, three cells lines were exposed to the low-frequency ultrasound of varying intensities and for different durations to evaluate their effect on gene transfection and cell viability of the cells. Microbubble （MB）, Optison （10%）, was also used to observe the role of the microbubbles in gene transfection. The results demonstrated that as the ultrasound intensity and the exposure time increased, the gene transfer rate increased and the cell viability decreased, but at high energy intensities, the cell viability decreased dramatically, which caused the transfer rate to decrease. The most efficient ultrasound intensity for inducing gene transfer was 1 W/cm^2 with duration being 20 s. At the same energy intensity, higher ultrasound intensity could achieve maximal gene transfer rate earlier. Microbubbles could increase ultrasound-induced cell gene transfer rate by about 2 to 3 times mainly at lower energy intensities. Moreover, microbubbles could raise the maximum gene transfer rate mediated by ultrasound. It is concluded that the low-frequency ultrasound can induce cell gene transfer and the cell gene transfer rate and viability are correlated with not only the ultrasound energy intensity but also the ultrasound intensity, the higher ultrasound intensity achieves its maximal transfer rate more quickly and the ultrasound intensity that can induce optimal gene transfer is 1 W/cm^2 with duration being 20 s, and microbubbles can significantly increase the maximal gene transfer rate in vitro.     

肺癌侵犯膈肌6例外科治疗体会

对6例侵犯膈肌的非小细胞肺癌进行回顾性分析,其中肺叶切除4例,双肺叶切除1例,左全肺切除1例,6例均伴受侵膈肌切除+膈肌修复术,术后辅助化疗。结果表明,6例切除标本病理证实均为肺鳞状细胞癌侵犯膈肌,术前均未疑诊。2例N_0病人术后14、31个月健在,1例N_1病人术后25个月死亡。3例N_2病人分别于术后9、10、18个月死亡。因此,正确评价纵隔状态以采取不同的治疗组合是改善预后的关键。     

526例50岁以上男性前列腺增生与血清睾酮含量的变化

目的揭示老龄人群前列腺增生的发病现状及血清睾酮水平的变化规律.方法以一汽集团50岁以上男性为研究对象,另设2组年龄对照,均行直肠指诊、经腹前列腺超声检查、放免技术测定血清睾酮与皮质醇含量.结果(1)50岁以上人群中BPH发现率,直肠指诊诊断率为60.05%,经腹超声诊断率为69.57%,并且随增龄明显增高;(2)血清睾酮含量随增龄下降,二者间呈明显的负相关关系(r=-0.45,P＜0.0001);(3)前列腺体积与血清睾酮含量呈显著的负相关关系(r=-0.224,P＜0.001).结论在50岁以上人群中BPH的发现率超过60%,并发现BPH的发病可能与血清睾酮含量下降有关.