肝硬化门静脉高压症307例的外科治疗

目的 评价外科治疗门静脉高压症的疗效。方法回顾性分析我院自1996年6月至2006年6月307例施行手术治疗的乙型肝炎后肝硬化门静脉高压症患者的病例资料。结果手术病死率为3．6％，其中肝移植病死率为0。随访10个月至10年，平均4．5年，肝性脑病发生率为2．3％，再出血率为5．5％。结论外科治疗肝炎后肝硬化门静脉高压症的疗效基本令人满意，其手术方法个体化，肝移植和改良surgiura术效果良好，是一种值得推广、能提高肝硬化门静脉高压症患者生存率的有效治疗手段。     

不同液体术前急性高容量血液稀释对深静脉血栓病人血液流变学的影响

Objective To investigate the effects of acute hypervolemic hemodilution (AHH) with different fluids on blood rheology in patients with deep vein (femoral and iliac) thrombosis. Methods Thirty ASA I or II patients aged 40-64 yr who had developed deep vein thrombosis in 48 h and were scheduled for embolectomy were randomly divided into 3 groups ( n = 10 each) ; group I normal saline (NS) ; group II 6 % HES 200/0.5 ( HES) ; group IE gelofusine (GEL). AHH was performed with normal saline, 6% HES or gelofusine infusion at 20 ml·kg-1 ·h-1 for 40 min. MAP, HR and SpO2 were monitored. Blood loss, volume of blood transfusion and fluid infused and urine output during operation were recorded. Anesthesia was induced with fentanyl 3-5 fig/kg, etomidate 0.15-0.30 mg/kg, propofol 1-2 mg/kg and succinylcholine 1-2 mg/kg and maintained with 2% isoflurane and propofol infusion at 5-8 mg·kg-1·h-1 and intermittent iv boluses of vecuronium. The patients were mechanically ventilated (VT 8 ml/kg, RR 12 bpm). PaO2 and PaCO2 were maintained within normal range. Venous blood samples were obtained before and after AHH for measurement of hematocrit (Hct), whole blood viscocity (WBV) at low or high shear rates, plasma viscosity, RBC aggregation and RBC deformation. RBC aggregation index and RBC deformation index were calculated. Results MAP and HR were stable in all patients. The amount of blood transfusion and fluid infused was significantly less in group HES and GEL than in group NS. The WBV at low or high shear rates in group HES and GEL, Hct in all 3 groups and RBC aggregation index in group HES were significantly decreased after AHH, but the RBC deformation index was significantly increased in group HES. Conclusion Colloid is better than crystalloid and HES is better than gelofusine in improving intraoperative hypercoagulability and sluggish blood flow.     

雷公藤多甙片治疗糖尿病肾病的临床分析

目的观察雷公藤多甙片治疗糖尿病肾病的疗效。方法将44例糖尿病肾病患者随机分为治疗组（24例）和对照组（20例）,对照组给予常规治疗,治疗组在常规治疗的基础上加用雷公藤多甙片20mg、3次／天,8周后减为20mg、2次／天,疗程6个月。观察治疗前后尿白蛋白排泄率、24h尿蛋白定量、空腹血糖、血肌酐、谷丙转氨酶等指标的变化。结果治疗组治疗后尿白蛋白排泄率、24h尿蛋白定量、血肌酐均明显下降,治疗过程中无明显不良反应。结论雷公藤多甙片治疗糖尿病肾病疗效显著。     

术中腹腔内温热灌注化疗在胃癌治疗中的应用

目的探讨术中腹腔内温热灌注化疗对胃癌术后腹腔种植转移和生存期的影响。方法将212例进展期胃癌根治性切除术后患者随机分成观察组92例,术中予以腹腔温热灌洗化疗(丝裂霉素30mg、顺铂100mg溶于蒸馏水2000ml中,加温至43℃～45℃,灌入腹腔保留30min后吸尽)和术后氟尿嘧啶(5-FU)10～15mg/kg、丝裂霉素(MMC)0.1～0.15mg/kg、阿霉素(ADM)0.5～1mg/kg静脉化疗,每周1次,2～3次为1疗程;对照组120例,术中用蒸馏水2000ml常规冲洗,术后按上述方法单纯静脉化疗。对两组患者术后腹腔种植转移率及1、3、5年生存率进行比较。结果观察组与对照组术后2年内腹腔种植转移率分别为14.1%和37.5%(P<0.01)。观察组术后1、3和5年生存率分别为98.9%、68.5%和52.2%;对照组为95.0%、56.7%和37.5%,两组3年和5年生存率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论术中温热灌注化疗具有杀灭腹腔游离癌细胞的作用,对进展期胃癌根治术后腹腔种植转移复发有较好的防治作用,能明显提高患者术后生存率。     

扩大壁细胞迷走神经切断术治疗十二指肠溃疡急性穿孔176例

目的探讨扩大壁细胞迷走神经切断术（EPCV）治疗十二指肠溃疡并发急性穿孔的远期临床疗效。方法对1979年以来采用EPCV治疗的176例十二指肠溃疡并发急性穿孔患者的临床资料进行总结,分析评价疗效,评价内容包括术后并发症发生率、溃疡复发率、胃排空功能、胃镜和上消化道钡餐检查结果和营养状态及Visick分级。结果全组患者有153例（86.9%）获得5年随访。无手术死亡者。进食后上腹发生间断性胀痛13例（8.5%）,有时返酸12例（7.8%）,经服用吗叮啉可缓解。出现粘连性肠梗阻行粘连松解术4例（2.6%）,溃疡复发4例（2.6%）,均发生在术后2-3年内。浅表性胃炎21例（13.7%）,十二指肠球部变形31例（20.3%）,胃窦蠕动功能较好,胃排空功能正常。全组无贫血发生,体重增加者116例（75.8%）。Visick改良分级,146例为Ⅰ级和Ⅱ级,优良率占95.4%,Ⅲ级3例（2.0%）,Ⅳ级4例（2.6%）。结论EPCV术具有手术操作简便、术后并发症较少、溃疡复发率低、患者术后远期营养状况良好、生活质量较高的优良疗效,是治疗十二指肠溃疡并发急性穿孔首选的安全有效术式之一。     

不同刺激间隔对全麻患者经颅磁刺激运动诱发电位监测的影响

目的 评价不同刺激间隔对全麻患者经颅磁刺激运动诱发电位（TMS-MEP）监测的影响。方法 择期脊髓手术患者20例，ASAⅠ或Ⅱ级，静脉注射异丙酚2mg／kg、芬太尼2μg，kg、氯化琥珀胆碱2mg／kg麻醉诱导，气管插管后机械通气，持续输注异丙酚5mg·kg^-1·h^-1、芬太尼1μg·kg^-1·h^-1维持麻醉至试验结束。在麻醉前、后分别记录2、5、10ms（分别为500、200、100Hz）刺激间隔下4次刺激引出的复合肌肉动作电位（CMAP）的波幅和潜伏期。结果 麻醉前：与2ms相比，5ms刺激间隔下CMAP波幅差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05），与2In8和5In8相比，10ms刺激间隔下CMAP波幅减小（P〈0．05）；麻醉后：与2ms相比，5、10ms刺激间隔下CMAP波幅减小（P〈0．05），与5ms相比，10ms刺激间隔下CMAP波幅减小（P〈0．05）。麻醉前、后各刺激间隔下CMAP潜伏期差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。麻醉后5ms刺激间隔下2例患者未记录到CMAP，10ms刺激间隔下4例患者未记录到CMAP。结论 采用2ms刺激间隔下对全麻患者4次经颅磁刺激可在靶肌肉上记录到最大的CMAP波幅，更适用于全麻患者术中施行经颅磁刺激运动诱发电位监测，可有效对抗异丙酚静脉麻醉对运动诱发电位的抑制作用，增加运动诱发电位监测的准确性。     

氧化应激及丝裂原活化蛋白激酶在醛固酮加盐诱导肾脏损害中的作用

目的 探讨氧化应激与丝裂原活化蛋白激酶（MAPKs)在醛固酮加盐诱导肾脏损伤中的作用。 方法 SD大鼠随机分为以下5组: ⑴ 0.5%乙醇作为对照组； ⑵ 1%氯化钠+0.5%乙醇（氯化钠组）； ⑶ 1%氯化钠+醛固酮+0.5%乙醇（醛固酮组）；⑷ 1%氯化钠+醛固酮+0.5%乙醇+依普利酮（依普利酮组），⑸ 1%氯化钠+醛固酮+0.5%乙醇+超氧化物歧化酶模拟物tempol（tempol组）。实时定量PCR检测肾皮质NADPH氧化酶亚基p22phox、Nox-4 和 gp91phox mRNA水平。Western印迹检测肾皮质磷酸化ERK1/2、JNK及ERK5蛋白表达。 结果 与氯化钠组大鼠相比，醛固酮组大鼠的血压[（165±5）比（118±3） mm Hg]及尿蛋白量（24 h） [(101.0±24.0) 比 (9.1±3.0) mg]显著增高(P均 < 0.05)；肾皮质脂类过氧化反应产物（TBARS）水平明显升高[(0.23±0.02) 比 (0.09±0.01) nmol/mg 蛋白，P < 0.05]；肾皮质NADPH氧化酶亚基p22phox、Nox-4和 gp91phox mRNA表达显著升高[分别为氯化钠组的(2.3±0.2)、(4.3±0.8)和(3.0±0.3)倍，P < 0.05]；肾皮质ERK1/2、JNK与ERK5活性显著增高[分别为氯化钠组的(3.3±0.3)、(2.3±0.3)和(3.0±0.2)倍，P < 0.05]。依普利酮或tempol明显降低醛固组大鼠的血压、尿蛋白量（24 h） [依普利酮组和tempol组分别为(10.0±2.0)、(9.3±2.0) mg]以及肾皮质TBARS水平[依普利酮组和tempol组分别为(0.08±0.01)和(0.11±0.03) nmol/mg 蛋白] (P < 0.05)；并使肾皮质组织ERK1/2、JNK及ERK5活性降至接近对照组水平。 结论 氧化应激与MAPKs通路激活在醛固酮加盐诱导的肾脏损伤中发挥重要作用。     

大隐静脉－隐神经营养血管逆行岛状皮瓣修复内、外踝部缺损

目的探讨采用大隐静脉-隐神经营养血管逆行岛状皮瓣简便修复内、外踝部缺损的临床应用效果。方法应用大隐静脉-隐神经营养血管逆行岛状皮瓣修复内、外踝部缺损创面8例,其中男6例,女2例。年龄18～54岁。车祸伤4例,慢性溃疡2例,烧伤2例。病损部位:内踝部缺损3例,外踝部缺损5例。其中踝部骨质外露2例。创面范围:4cm×4cm～6cm×8cm。皮瓣切取范围5cm×6cm～11cm×9cm,蒂长6～11cm,筋膜蒂宽2.5～4.0cm,蒂部带窄条皮肤宽1.5～2cm。结果临床应用8例,术后皮瓣均成活,仅1例皮瓣远端3cm处,出现小水泡,少数表皮脱落,经拆线减张、换药后愈合。8例患者经6～18个月随访,修复后创外观满意,功能接近正常。结论大隐静脉-隐神经营养血管逆行岛状皮瓣血运可靠,不牺牲主干血管,色泽与踝部相近,邻近转移,操作简便,是修复内、外踝部缺损的一种安全有效的简便方法。     

不同液体术前急性高容量血液稀释对深静脉血栓病人血液流变学的影响

Objective To investigate the effects of acute hypervolemic hemodilution (AHH) with different fluids on blood rheology in patients with deep vein (femoral and iliac) thrombosis. Methods Thirty ASA I or II patients aged 40-64 yr who had developed deep vein thrombosis in 48 h and were scheduled for embolectomy were randomly divided into 3 groups ( n = 10 each) ; group I normal saline (NS) ; group II 6 % HES 200/0.5 ( HES) ; group IE gelofusine (GEL). AHH was performed with normal saline, 6% HES or gelofusine infusion at 20 ml·kg-1 ·h-1 for 40 min. MAP, HR and SpO2 were monitored. Blood loss, volume of blood transfusion and fluid infused and urine output during operation were recorded. Anesthesia was induced with fentanyl 3-5 fig/kg, etomidate 0.15-0.30 mg/kg, propofol 1-2 mg/kg and succinylcholine 1-2 mg/kg and maintained with 2% isoflurane and propofol infusion at 5-8 mg·kg-1·h-1 and intermittent iv boluses of vecuronium. The patients were mechanically ventilated (VT 8 ml/kg, RR 12 bpm). PaO2 and PaCO2 were maintained within normal range. Venous blood samples were obtained before and after AHH for measurement of hematocrit (Hct), whole blood viscocity (WBV) at low or high shear rates, plasma viscosity, RBC aggregation and RBC deformation. RBC aggregation index and RBC deformation index were calculated. Results MAP and HR were stable in all patients. The amount of blood transfusion and fluid infused was significantly less in group HES and GEL than in group NS. The WBV at low or high shear rates in group HES and GEL, Hct in all 3 groups and RBC aggregation index in group HES were significantly decreased after AHH, but the RBC deformation index was significantly increased in group HES. Conclusion Colloid is better than crystalloid and HES is better than gelofusine in improving intraoperative hypercoagulability and sluggish blood flow.     

经肛内括约肌切除术联合经腹全系膜切除术对超低位直肠肿瘤保肛的应用探讨

Objective To study the combination of trans-anal intersphincteric resection and trans- abdominal total mesorectal excision for anus-retained ultra-low rectal tumors. Methods Clinical data of 34 ultra-low rectal tumor patients without external anal sphincter involved, who underwent the combination surgery, were retrospectively analyzed Results The distance from the distal incisal margin of the rectum to the inferior margin of the tumor ranged from 1.8 cm to 3.0 cm on an average of 2. 1 cm. For pathological types, there were 23 cases of adenocarcinoma (9 well differentiated and 14 moderately differentiated), 1 papillary carcinoma, 2 rectal stromal tumor, 5 rectal villous adenoma with canceration and 3 giant villous adenoma. For pathological stages, there were 18 eases at stage pTNM Ⅰ , 5 at Ⅱ A, 1 at Ⅱ B, 4 at ⅢA, 1 at ⅢB and for T grading, there were 15 cases at stage T1, 5 at T2, 8 at T3, 1 at T4. In these 34 patients, there were 3 cases with postoperative anastomotic stenosis, 2 with postoperative anastomotic rupture, 2 with rectovaginal fistula and no operative death. Because of the dysfunction of bowel control, bowel frequency varied from 3 to 12 in the early stage after operation, but with the recovery of anus function, bowel frequency decreased and ranged form 1 to 5 times a day and the time of formed bowel control could be more than 5 min in 6-12 months after operation. However, patients underwent total resection of internal anal sphincter still suffered from incontinence of loose stool after 1 year. After operation, anastomotic recurrence was found in 1 case in 5 months, liver metastasis in 1 case in 10 months and 28 months respectively, cardiac sudden death in 1 case in 26 months. Conclusion The combination of trans-anal ISR and trans-abdominal TME for anus-retained ultra low rectal tumor is not only coincident with radical tumor principle but also retains the function of anus, on the premise of the strict indication.