不同浓度右美托咪定联合瑞芬太尼辅助局部浸润麻醉对老年腹股沟疝开放修补术患者的镇静作用及安全性分析

目的探究不同浓度右美托咪定联合瑞芬太尼辅助局部浸润麻醉对老年腹股沟疝开放修补术患者的镇静作用及安全性。 方法2019年1至10月于重庆医科大学附属永川医院行局部浸润麻醉下腹股沟疝修补术治疗的90例老年腹股沟疝患者。通过随机数字表法将其分为对照组（45例）和观察组（45例）。对照组予以高剂量[0.6 μg/(kg·h）]盐酸右美托咪定注射液联合注射用盐酸瑞芬太尼辅助局部浸润麻醉;观察组予以低剂量[0.3μg/(kg·h）]盐酸右美托咪定注射液联合注射用盐酸瑞芬太尼辅助局部浸润麻醉。比较2组患者用药前（T1）、用药后10 min（T2）、20 min（T3）、30 min（T4）、患者清醒后（T5）的警觉/镇静（OAA/S）评分和血流动力学指标;观察2组局麻时、切皮时、手术中、缝皮时的疼痛程度及治疗期间的安全性。 结果T1～T4 2组OAA/S评分呈降低趋势,T5时OAA/S评分升高,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;T1～T4观察组平均动脉压（MAP）、心率（HR）呈降低趋势,T5时MAP、HR升高,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;且T3、T4时,观察组OAA/S评分、MAP、HR低于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。观察组在各时间点（局麻时、切皮时、手术中、缝皮时）的视觉模拟评分（VAS）均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。观察组患者躁动、恶性呕吐的发生率为2.22%、4.44%,低于对照组的17.78%、17.78%,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。 结论低剂量右美托咪定联合瑞芬太尼辅助局部浸润麻醉可显著改善老年腹股沟疝患者的血流动力学,镇静、镇痛效果显著,安全性高。     

对比七氟烷与异丙酚对腹腔镜疝囊高位结扎手术患儿认知、应激及疼痛的影响

目的对比七氟烷与异丙酚对腹股沟疝手术患儿认知、应激及疼痛的影响。 方法选取2017年9月至2018年11月重庆市永川区儿童医院90例腹股沟疝患儿,通过随机数字表法分为观察组、对照组,各45例。对照组采用异丙酚静脉麻醉,而观察组采用七氟烷吸入麻醉。比较2组患者的麻醉效果指标,术后1 h、术后1 d以及术后2 d疼痛情况,麻醉诱导前及切皮时应激反应指标,麻醉前、应答后2、4、6、24 h认知功能。 结果观察组麻醉起效时间、呼吸恢复时间短于对照组（P<0.05）。术后1 h、术后1 d及2 d2组的儿童疼痛评分（CHEOPS）随时间延长均下降（P<0.05）,但2组各时间点均无统计学差异（P>0.05）。切皮时与麻醉诱导前比较,2组血清皮质醇（Cor）、去甲肾上腺素（NE）及肾上腺素（E）水平均升高,但观察组均低于对照组（P<0.05）。应答后2、4、6、24 h 2组简易精神状况检查评分（MMSE）随时间变化呈上升趋势（P<0.05）。应答后2、4 h2组MMSE评分低于麻醉前,对照组低于观察组（P<0.05）。 结论相较异丙酚,七氟烷对腹股沟疝手术患儿麻醉效果更佳,可改善其认知功能,抑制机体应激及疼痛。     

举宫器在宫颈癌腹腔镜手术中引发的思考

宫颈癌是最常见的妇科恶性肿瘤之一,其治疗方法主要为手术和放疗[1]。1992年,美国学者报道了世界上第一例腹腔镜宫颈癌根治术[2]。与传统开腹手术比较,腹腔镜手术具有放大术野、间隙解剖清晰、术中出血少、住院时间短、术后恢复快、术后并发症少等优势。随着腹腔镜手术技术的快速发展及腹腔镜器械的不断研发,微创治疗理念逐渐深入人心。腹腔镜技术被越来越多地应用于妇科恶性肿瘤的手术治疗,尤其是宫颈癌的治疗中。2018年11月,发表于新英格兰医学杂志(the New England Journal of Medicine)的2篇研究报道可谓一石激起千层浪,备受全球关注并引起激烈争论。其中一项研究,是由美国安德森医疗中心报道的微创手术与开腹手术应用于早期宫颈癌治疗的前瞻性随机对照试验研究(LACC试验),结果显示微创手术组患者的无病生存期及总体生存期均显著短于开腹手术组患者(微创手术组比开腹手术组:3年无病生存率为91.2%比97.1%,3年总体生存率为93.8%比99.0%)[3]。     

Effects of gametogenetin-binding protein 2 on proliferation,invasion and migration of prostate cancer PC-3 cells

We aimed to assess the effects of gametogenetin-binding protein 2 (GGNBP2) on the proliferation, invasion and migration of prostate cancer PC-3 cells. PcDNA3-HisC-GGNBP2 was transfected to overexpress GGNBP2. Proliferation was tested by MTT assay, and migration and invasion were detected by Transwell assay. Cell cycle was detected by flow cytometry. The protein expressions of COX-2, cyclin D1, PI3K, Akt and p-Akt were detected by Western blot. A subcutaneous xenograft model of prostate cancer was established. Mice were randomly divided into three groups (n = 9) and intratumorally injected with pcDNA3-HisC-GGNBP2, pcDNA3-HisC and normal saline respectively. The xenograft tumour volume was measured every 3 days, and weight was measured after 2 weeks. After GGNBP2 overexpression, the proliferation, migration and invasion capacities of PC-3 cells decreased, and cell cycle was arrested in the G1 phase. The protein expressions of COX-2, cyclin D1, PI3K, Akt and p-Akt all reduced. The tumour volume and weight of pcDNA3-HisC-GGNBP2 group were significantly lower than those of pcDNA3-HisC group (p < .05). The proliferation capacity of GGNBP2-overexpressing prostate cancer cells is significantly attenuated, tumour growth is significantly inhibited, and cell cycle is arrested in the G1 phase. GGNBP2 overexpression affects the growth of castration-resistant prostate cancer via the PI3K/Akt signalling pathway.     

新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情防控中方舱医院的护理应急综合管理

目的总结新型冠状病毒肺炎防控中方舱医院护理应急综合管理方法。方法迅速组建护理应急管理团队,实施护理应急综合管理,包括统筹管理分组实施,建章立制优化流程,设置岗位明确职责,护理安全管理(保障患者安全管理、联合协作病区安全管理、护士职业防护安全管理),患者心理应激干预及救援护士心理危机干预。结果自2020年2月5日开舱至3月9日休舱,收治患者1 848例,转院521例,出院1 327例;核酸标本采集5 020例次;无医护人员职业暴露感染。结论通过规范和因地制宜的管理策略,精准实施各项护理工作,保证了方舱医院患者集中隔离和救护工作的有序、安全、高效开展。     

平衡透析法测定具栖冬青苷和毛冬青酸的大鼠血浆蛋白结合率

目的建立测定具栖冬青苷、毛冬青酸血药质量浓度的方法,并测定其大鼠体外血浆蛋白结合率。方法采用高效液相色谱法和平衡透析法测定具栖冬青苷、毛冬青酸在大鼠体外血浆中的血浆蛋白结合率。结果低、中、高3种质量浓度,具栖冬青苷在大鼠体外血浆中的蛋白结合率分别为39.72%±2.68%,52.05%±3.35%和52.32%±0.76%;毛冬青酸在大鼠体外血浆中的蛋白结合率分别为55.18%±3.66%,60.79%±2.20%和47.00%±1.59%。结论建立HPLC法对具栖冬青苷和毛冬青酸进行分离,方法简便。体外实验,具栖冬青苷和毛冬青酸与大鼠血浆属中等结合型药物,且蛋白结合率与药物质量浓度无关。     

GABAA受体研究现状

γ-氨基丁酸(gamma-aminobutyric acid,GABA)是一种重要的抑制性神经递质,在中枢神经系统（central nervous system）中分布广泛,发挥着主要的抑制功能,GABA发挥其重要生物学功能的途径主要是通过与GABA相关受体的紧密结合,GABA究竟如何与其受体结合？如何发挥其生理功能？有何特点？对这些问题的提出和进一步深入研究是当今神经科学的研究热点之一,也是我们课题所关注的焦点所在。目前的研究显示,GABA受体主要有GABAA、GABAB和GABAC三种类型,其中,GABAB受体为代谢型受体,在中枢神经系统内主要发挥缓慢的、介导持续时间较长的抑制性生物学功能和效应,在中枢神经系统中参与体内多种非常重要的生理活动和病理变化过程,发挥其主要抑制性功能。本文从以下几个方面主要综述了近几年来国内外有关GABAB受体的研究现状,包括GABA B受体的结构、作用机制、表达、分布、生理作用以及与应激性防御反应的关系等,有助于更深入了解GABA B受体的具体功能,加深我们对大脑功能的了解。     

The Mechanism of PEDV-Carrying CD3+ T Cells Migrate into the Intestinal Mucosa of Neonatal Piglets

Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) can cause intestinal infection in neonatal piglets through the nasal cavity. A process in which CD3⁺ T cells carry PEDV plays a key role. However, the modes through which PEDV bridles CD3⁺ T cells as a vehicle for migration to the intestinal epithelium have not been clarified. In this study, we first demonstrated that PEDV could survive in blood-derived CD3⁺ T cells for several hours, depending on the multiplicity of infection. In addition, PEDV preferentially survived in CD4⁺ T cells over CD8⁺ T cells. Moreover, viral transmission was mediated by cell-to-cell contact between mesenteric lymph-node-derived CD3⁺ T cells, but did not occur in blood-derived CD3⁺ T cells. Following an increase in gut-homing integrin α4β7, blood-derived CD3⁺ T cells carrying PEDV migrated to the intestines via blood circulation and transferred the virus to intestinal epithelial cells through cell-to-cell contact in neonatal piglets. Our findings have significant implications for understanding PEDV pathogenesis in neonatal piglets, which is essential for developing innovative therapies to prevent PEDV infection.     

T cells promote the regeneration of neural precursor cells in the hippocampus of Alzheimer＇s disease mice

Alzheimer's disease is closely associated with disorders of neurogenesis in the brain, and growing evidence supports the involvement of immunological mechanisms in the development of the disease. However, at present, the role of T cells in neuronal regeneration in the brain is unknown. We injected amyloid-beta 1–42 peptide into the hippocampus of six BALB/c wild-type mice and six BALB/c-nude mice with T-cell immunodeficiency to establish an animal model of Alzheimer's disease. A further six mice of each genotype were injected with same volume of normal saline. Immunohistochemistry revealed that the number of regenerated neural progenitor cells in the hippocampus of BALB/c wild-type mice was significantly higher than that in BALB/c-nude mice. Quantitative fluorescence PCR assay showed that the expression levels of peripheral T cell-associated cytokines(interleukin-2, interferon-γ) and hippocampal microglia-related cytokines(interleukin-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α) correlated with the number of regenerated neural progenitor cells in the hippocampus. These results indicate that T cells promote hippocampal neurogenesis in Alzheimer's disease and T-cell immunodeficiency restricts neuronal regeneration in the hippocampus. The mechanism underlying the promotion of neuronal regeneration by T cells is mediated by an increased expression of peripheral T cells and central microglial cytokines in Alzheimer's disease mice. Our findings provide an experimental basis for understanding the role of T cells in Alzheimer's disease.