对药品市场营销中代理环节监督管理的思考

随着我国药品分销市场的对外放开,传统的批发零售经营方式发生了根本变化,代理配送制将成为医药流通的主要方式.药监工作人员要准确掌握药品分销市场的现状及发展趋势,抓好药品市场营销中代理环节的监督管理.     

大学生篮球运动员集训期间部分淋巴细胞亚群和Th1/Th2细胞因子mRNA表达变化分析

目的:探讨大负荷体能训练对大学生篮球运动员细胞免疫功能的影响。方法:14名男子大学生篮球运动员进行为期16周的集训,在训练期间分次对运动员外周血淋巴细胞亚群(CD3+、CD4+/CD8+淋巴细胞比值、NK细胞比例)和Th1/Th2细胞因子 mRNA表达进行检测。结果:在两次分别持续了6周的训练期后,运动员外周血CD3+淋巴细胞数于增加后出现显著下降,从第7周的峰值(59.74±7.18)下降至第16周的最低值(52.02±7.92)(P<0.001);CD8+细胞数第16周(31.15±6.25)与第3周(37.98±7.05)相比显著下降(P<0.05);NK细胞数从第7周的最高值(19.62±5.21)下降至第14周的最低值(14.41±7.93)(P<0.05);IL-4 mRNA表达训练后与基础值(6.56±0.71)相比显著增加,从第7周的7.04±0.35和第14周的7.30±0.25,直至第16周达到最大值7.36±0.45(P<0.05),其他指标的变化不具有统计学意义。结果提示,大负荷训练使运动员细胞免疫功能削弱,Th1/Th2平衡向Th2方向漂移。     

腹腔镜手术治疗卵巢囊肿386例

目的总结腹腔镜下卵巢囊肿手术的经验. 方法回顾分析1999年7月～2004年12月我院386例囊腹腔镜卵巢囊肿手术的临床资料. 结果 384例腹腔镜手术成功,2例因既往有手术史或盆腔粘连中转开腹.术中出血平均20.6 ml(10～60 ml).手术时间平均55 min(20～140 min ).术后住院平均3 d(2～5 d).194例随访1～60个月,平均24个月,盆腔检查和B超均正常. 结论腹腔镜下卵巢囊肿手术安全有效,具有创伤小、术后恢复快、住院时间短等特点.     

化痰方、肝脾方抗大鼠脂肪肝模型作用机制的比较研究

目的 :探讨和比较化痰方、肝脾方抗大鼠脂肪肝模型作用机制。方法 :用高脂饮食联合四环素腹腔注射致大鼠脂肪肝模型 ,观察肝组织病理变化 ,检测肝功能 (ALT、AST)、血甘油三酯 (TG)、肝匀浆TG、游离脂肪酸 (FFA)、丙二醛 (MDA)的含量。并与正常组、东宝肝泰组对照。结果 :三个用药组的血清ALT、AST及肝匀浆FFA、TG、MDA均显著低于模型组 (P <0 .0 1 ) ,并显示抗脂肪肝的作用强弱依次为 :肝脾组优于化痰组优于东宝组 (P <0 .0 5或P <0 .0 1 )。结论 :促进脂质代谢、抗脂质过氧化可能是化痰祛浊、疏肝健脾法治疗脂肪肝作用的主要机制     

Dynamic observations on NK cell activity and IL-2 and IFNγ productionin vitro in patients on maintenance hemodialysis

Summary In order to study the immune function of patients on maintenance hemodialysis (MHD), we assayed NK cell cytotoxicity against K⁵⁶² targets in 40 patients on MHD, and the production of IL-2 and IFN in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) after PHA stimulation, in contrast to those in normal controls. The results showed that NK cell activity and IL-2 and IFN levels were markedly lower in the patients than in the controls. Afeter a single dialysis, NK cell activity as well as IL-2 and IFN levels were elevated to different extent. But there was no significant change in patients after long-term dialysis. There was a positive correlation between the NK cell activity and IL-2 and IFN activity in the controls, but no such correlation was found in the patients on MHD. There was a positive correlation between the NK cell activity and IL-2 activity in patients after dialysis, suggesting that immune function were impaired in the patients on MHD, with a decline in the activity of NK cell and IL-2 and IFN, and a disorder of immune regulation cycle. These abnormal immune impairments in the patients could be partly corrected by hemodialysis. However, long-term hemodialysis is not much helpful in the improvement of patient’s immune function.     

健康教育项目设计PRECEDE诊断评价模式

美国著名健康教育专家Lawrence W.Green 提出的健康教育项目设计PRECEDE 诊断评价模式,站在社会健康的宏观高度,全面规划健康教育内容、方式与作用环节,并从项目设计开始就将监测评价纳入项目内容。由于设计思维的缜密与方法的科学性,保证了健康教育项目能够紧紧抓住重点健康问题,做到有的放矢。因此,在模式的引进和使用过程中,应结合我国妇幼卫生的现状和当地的实际情况,设计出适合我国国情的妇幼卫生健康教育项目规划,为发展我国妇幼卫生事业服务。     

肝脏良性肿瘤15例声像图分析

本文报道15例经病理证实的肝脏良性实质性肿瘤,其声像图特征包括;(1)边界清晰;(2)外形不规则;(3)内回声不均质;(4)周围血管无浸润及栓塞症像.本组B型超声术前确诊10例,定位错误2例,定性错误3例.文中认为正确识别声像图上的特征有利于肝肿瘤的鉴别诊断.     

肝炎和肝硬化患者胆囊超声改变的观察与分析

目的 :研究肝炎肝硬化患者胆囊彩色B超声像图变化 ,并探讨其临床意义。方法 :采用彩色超声诊断仪对 139例肝炎和肝硬化患者及 4 2例非肝炎体检者进行胆囊超声检查。结果 :慢性肝炎、重型肝炎、肝硬化患者组与非肝炎对照组彩色B超胆囊异常率比较均差异显著 (P <0 .0 1)。重型肝炎、肝硬化组与慢性肝炎组之间胆囊异常率也存在明显的差异 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论 :慢性肝病患者胆囊异常与胆囊本身炎症无关。胆囊声像图的改变对判断肝脏实质性病变的严重程度及指导临床治疗有一定的参考价值。     

7β-(6-取代-2-喹诺酮-3-乙酰氨基)头孢菌素的合成

以6-取代-2-喹诺酮-3-乙酸为侧链,用CDI法和潘化酯法与7-ADCA,7-ACA,7-ACT,和7-ACD缩合,合成了16个新的7β-(6-取代-2-喹诺酮-3-乙酰氨基)头孢菌素类化合物,通过溶媒转提,葡聚糖凝胶(Sephadex LH-20)柱层析及离心薄层层析分离精制,得到纯品。初步体外抑菌试验表明:新化合物对革兰氏阳性及某些阴性菌具有高度敏感性。大多数化合物对所试试验菌的抗菌活性与头孢唑啉和青霉素G钠相当,有些比它们还强。     

Optimizing Suicide Gene Therapy for Head and Neck Cancer

An effective “suicide gene” therapy strategy in experimental studies has been the use of the herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase gene(HSV-tk) to sensitize tumors to the cytotoxic effects of ganciclovir administration. Previous studies using this model have focused on utilizing maximal viral titers and high levels of ganciclovir that are not compatible with human dosing. Because of the high ganciclovir doses and the maximal viral titers, this strategy has limited application to actual clinical scenarios. In the following studies the authors investigate tumor regression in an oral squamous cell carcinoma animal model as a function of variable adenoviral titers and more physiologic ganciclovir dosing. Using adenoviral titers ranging from 1 × 10⁸ to 2 × 10⁹ plaque forming units(pfu) to treat oral tumors, they found no statistical difference in tumor regression among the different viral doses, despite differences in mitotic activity. Each treatment group, however, demonstrated a significant effect on tumor regression when compared with controls. Furthermore, the authors were able to reduce the level of ganciclovir administration to 10 mg/kg twice daily from established levels of 100 to 150 mg/kg twice daily while maintaining significant tumor responses to the HSV-tk therapy. Mean survival of animals treated with this lower ganciclovir dose was significantly higher than in controls and was equal to established means based on previous studies using higher ganciclovir doses. The optimization of this suicide gene therapy strategy is imperative in order to minimize theoretical and known viral and ganciclovir toxicities while establishing a foundation upon which to design appropriate and effective clinical trials.