HIV-1 infection initiates an inflammatory cascade in human renal tubular epithelial cells

HIV-associated nephropathy (HIVAN) is the most common cause of chronic renal failure in HIV-infected patients. Tubulointerstitial inflammation is a prominent component of the histopathology of HIVAN. The pathogenesis of HIVAN is a result of infection of renal epithelial cells, but the cellular response to this infection remains poorly defined. In these studies, we used oligonucleotide microarrays to identify differentially expressed genes in renal tubular epithelial cells from a patient with HIVAN at three time points after infection with vesicular stomatitis virus-pseudotyped gag/pol-deleted HIV-1. Very few genes were differentially expressed 12 and 24 hours after infection. Three days after infection, however, 47 genes were upregulated by at least 1.8-fold. The most prominent response of these cells to HIV-1 expression was production of proinflammatory mediators, including chemokines, cytokines, and adhesion molecules. Many of the upregulated genes are targets of interleukin 6 and nuclear factor kappa B regulation, suggesting a central role for these proteins in the response of tubular epithelial cells to HIV-1 infection. Analysis of kidneys from HIV-1 transgenic mice revealed upregulation of many of the proinflammatory genes identified in the microarray studies. These studies provide novel insights into the mechanisms by which HIV-1 infection of tubular epithelial cells leads to tubulointerstitial inflammation and progressive renal injury.     

420例流产物染色体核型分析

目的探究流产物染色体异常核型。方法选择420例首次流产（早期流产）患者的宫腔搔刮或负压抽吸的流产物进行染色体核型分析。结果420例样本染色体核型分析结果正常145例（34.5%）,异常230例（54.8%）,体外培养未见细胞生长45例（10.7%）。230例染色体异常样本中以染色体数目异常最为常见,主要有16-三体42例（18.2%）、三倍体28例（12.2%）、X单体25例（10.8%）、四倍体12例（5.2%）、15-三体12例（5.2%）,其他类型染色体异常包括染色体片段缺失、重复、插入、易位等。结论染色体异常是早期流产的重要原因,其中16-三体是最常见的染色体异常核型。     

王斌谢俊敏式保宫U手术治疗弥漫性子宫腺肌病术后妊娠结局的分析

目的 探讨王斌谢俊敏式保宫U手术治疗弥漫性子宫腺肌病的术后妊娠结局.方法 回顾性分析2010年8月至2018年10月本院收治的268例有生育要求的弥漫性子宫腺肌病患者的临床资料,均行王斌谢俊敏式保宫U手术治疗,且手术后宫腔置入球囊防止宫腔塌陷.观察手术情况,术后不同时间血清激素水平与糖类抗原(CA125)水平、妊娠情况...     

输尿管结石应用64排容积CT尿路成像的诊断价值

目的探讨64排容积CT尿路成像在输尿管结石中的诊断价值。 方法分析200例输尿管结石的患者,其被临床或者手术判定为输尿管结石,所有入选的患者行64排容积CT尿路成像,并采用不同图像后处理:多平面重组法、曲面重组、最大密度投影、容积再现、表面成像。 结果在入选的200例患者中,结石最小的直径为1.5mm,结石位于输尿管上段的有70例,位于下段的有83例,位于中段的有35例,位于输尿管上中下段的有12例。同时还发现合并输尿管畸形的患者。其中,合并肾囊肿的有100例,输尿管囊肿的有5例,膀胱憩室的4例,合并肾结石的有30例,合并膀胱结石的有10例,合并输尿管及肾积脓的2例,肾盂及输尿管畸形的有20例。 结论64排容积CT对于输尿管结石的定位、大小、形态、数量及其周围情况的诊断具有重要的价值,同时可显示泌尿系统是否合并畸形及肾结石、膀胱结石。     

甲醛对脱细胞DNA的影响

目的探索甲醛对脱细胞DNA的影响,并初步建立脱细胞-核DNA检测加合物的新模型。方法用染毒缓冲液配制浓度分别为4%、1%、0.25%和0%的甲醛,用羟自由基损伤的脱细胞-核DNA作为检测加合物的试验模型,每组6张脱细胞-核DNA板,用彗星实验检测各组脱细胞-核DNA损伤情况,组间差异用SPSS 11.0软件统计分析。结果甲醛染毒的DNA损伤顺序为:0%=0.25%>1%组>4%,呈现明显的剂量-反应关系。结论甲醛可直接和脱细胞DNA片段形成加合物和/或DNA-DNA交联,脱细胞-核DNA模型可用于DNA加合物和/或交联物的检测。     

DC‐SIGN expression on podocytes and its role in inflammatory immune response of lupus nephritis

Podocytes, the main target of immune complex, participate actively in the development of glomerular injury as immune cells. Dendritic cell‐specific intercellular adhesion molecule‐3‐grabbing non‐integrin (DC‐SIGN) is an innate immune molecular that has an immune recognition function, and is involved in mediation of cell adhesion and immunoregulation. Here we explored the expression of DC‐SIGN on podocytes and its role in immune and inflammatory responses in lupus nephritis (LN). Expression of DC‐SIGN and immunoglobulin (Ig)G1 was observed in glomeruli of LN patients. DC‐SIGN was co‐expressed with nephrin on podocytes. Accompanied by increased proteinuria of LN mice, DC‐SIGN and IgG1 expressions were observed in the glomeruli from 20 weeks, and the renal function deteriorated up to 24 weeks. Mice with anti‐DC‐SIGN antibody showed reduced proteinuria and remission of renal function. After the podocytes were stimulated by serum of LN mice in vitro, the expression of DC‐SIGN, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II and CD80 was up‐regulated, stimulation of T cell proliferation was enhanced and the interferon (IFN)‐γ/interleukin (IL)‐4 ratio increased. However, anti‐DC‐SIGN antibody treatment reversed these events. These results suggested that podocytes in LN can exert DC‐like function through their expression of DC‐SIGN, which may be involved in immune and inflammatory responses of renal tissues. However, blockage of DC‐SIGN can inhibit immune functions of podocytes, which may have preventive and therapeutic effects.     

Effects of Blueberry Consumption on Cardiovascular Health in Healthy Adults: A Cross-Over Randomised Controlled Trial

Blueberries are rich in polyphenols, and their effect on cardiovascular health, including risk factors for endothelial dysfunction and hypertension, has been investigated in interventional studies. However, the difference between blueberry treatments in varied forms for their cardiovascular-protective effect remains poorly understood. The current study assessed the effects of whole blueberry and freeze-dried blueberry powder compared to a control on cardiovascular health in young adults. A cross-over randomised controlled trial (RCT) was implemented with 1 week of treatment for three treatment groups, each followed by 1 week of wash out period. Systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), pulse wave velocity (PWV), plasma cholesterol (low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and total cholesterol) and triglyceride levels (TAG), and glucose and nitrite (NO2-) concentrations were compared following fresh blueberry, freeze-dried blueberry powder, and control treatments. Thirty-seven participants with a mean age of 25.86 ± 6.81 completed the study. No significant difference was observed among fresh blueberry, blueberry powder, and the control arm. Plasma NO2- levels were improved by 68.66% and 4.34% separately following whole blueberry and blueberry powder supplementations compared to the baseline, whereas the control supplementation reported a decrease (−9.10%), although it was not statistically significant. There were no other effects shown for SBP, DBP, total cholesterol, HDL-C, LDL-C, TAG, or glucose. No difference was shown between whole blueberry and freeze-dried blueberry powder consumption for improving cardiovascular health.     

Increased neutrophil count Is associated with the development of chronic kidney disease in patients with diabetes

BackgroundThis study aims to investigate the potential association of peripheral inflammatory blood cell parameters with the incidence and progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in patients with diabetes.MethodsThe cross‐sectional study included 1192 subjects with diabetes derived from one center. The cohort study included 2060 subjects with diabetes derived from another two centers followed up for 4 years. Logistic regression and Cox proportional hazards models were used to evaluate the association of peripheral inflammatory blood cell with CKD.ResultsIn the cross‐sectional study, neutrophil count performed best as an independent risk factor for CKD (odds ratio 2.556 [95% confidence interval 1.111, 5.879]) even after 1:1 case–control matching for age, gender, history of high blood pressure and duration of diabetes. Spline regression revealed a significant linear association of CKD incidence with continuous neutrophil count in excess of 3.6 × 10⁹/L. In the cohort study, subjects were grouped based on tertile of neutrophil count and neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio. Cox regression analysis results showed that only neutrophil count was independently associated with CKD progression (the highest group vs. the lowest group, hazard ratio 2.293 [95% confidence interval 1.260, 4.171]) after fully adjusting for potential confounders. The cumulative incidence of CKD progression in patients with diabetes gradually increased with increasing neutrophil count (53 (7.7%) subjects in the lowest group vs. 60 (8.2%) in the middle group vs. 78 (12.2%) in the highest group).ConclusionsThis study suggested that neutrophil count is an independent risk factor for progression of CKD in patients with diabetes.