腰椎终板、椎间盘退变及椎间盘造影疼痛激发试验的相关性研究

目的探讨下腰痛患者腰椎终板Modic退变、椎间盘退变及CT引导下腰椎间盘造影疼痛激发试验的相关性.方法对45例下腰痛患者常规行腰椎X线和MR检查,分别按Modic终板退变标准（0～3级）与Pearce椎间盘退变标准（Ⅰ～Ⅴ级）对终板和椎间盘进行评估.在CT引导下对45例患者中的40例（120个椎间盘）进行造影和疼痛激发试验,并按Dallas椎间盘造影分级系统（DDD）测评椎间盘退变程度.采用SPSS 11.5统计学软件分析腰椎终板Modic退变、椎间盘退变与腰椎间盘造影疼痛激发试验之间的相关性.结果40例下腰痛患者的腰椎终板Modic分级与椎间盘退变Pearce分级存在较强的相关性（Pearson x^2=43.326,P=0.000）,与椎间盘造影疼痛激发试验有显著相关性（Pearson x^2=27.858,P=0.000）;椎间盘退变Pearce分级与CT椎间盘造影椎间盘退变Dallas分级也呈较强的相关性.结论腰椎终板Modic退变分级与椎间盘退变Pearce分级密切相关,而与椎间盘疼痛激发试验有显著相关性,提示终板Modic退变可能是下腰痛的原因之一.     

Evaluation of polymerase chain reaction and adenosine deaminase assay for the diagnosis of tuberculous effusions in children.

AIM: To evaluate and compare the utility of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the diagnosis of tuberculous effusions in children. METHODS: PCR, adenosine deaminase (ADA) activity and absolute lymphocyte count (ALC) were evaluated in the fluid of 31 tuberculous (20 pleural, 8 ascites and 3 pericardial) and 24 non-tuberculous (10 transudtative ascites, 8 empyema thoracis, 3 malignant pleural and 3 pyopericardium) effusions. RESULTS: Fluid PCR for Mycobacterium tuberculosis was positive in 74% of tuberculous effusions, whereas it was falsely positive in 13% of the non-tuberculous group. The mean fluid ADA and ALC values were significantly higher in tuberculous effusions than in non-tuberculous effusions (p<0.001). The sensitivity and specificity of PCR, ADA (> or =38 IU/l) and ALC (> or =275/mm3) were 74% and 88%, 81% and 75%, and 90% and 83%, respectively, in diagnosing tuberculous effusions. The sensitivity of PCR, ADA and ALC was 100%, 100% and 88%, respectively, for confirmed tuberculous effusions. When the two tests were combined (either/or positive), the sensitivity increased (90-100%) at the expense of specificity. When both the tests were positive, then the specificity markedly increased (92-96%), but sensitivity of the tests decreased. CONCLUSION: Fluid PCR alone should not be relied on as a single test; rather, combined analysis with either ADA or ALC could be more useful in the diagnosis of tuberculous effusions in children.     

牙冠延长术在残根残冠修复中的临床疗效

目的评价牙冠延长术在牙体缺损达龈下的残根残冠修复中的临床疗效。方法自2004年5月至2005年6月,对32例患者的36颗牙体缺损达龈下的患牙,术前按断端位于龈下最深距离分为A组(20颗患牙,距离<3.0mm)和B组(16颗患牙,3.0mm≤距离≤4.0mm),均采用牙冠延长术暴露龈下牙体断面,术后6周行桩冠修复。分别记录和比较手术前、后牙周探诊深度(PD)、菌斑指数(PLI)、龈沟出血指数(SBI)和牙齿松动度,以观察临床疗效。结果术后随访患者6个月,两组病例术后6周牙体断端均暴露较好、龈缘颜色正常,术后修复效果有效率为100%,满意率为77.78%。A组术后无松动,修复效果满意;B组术后50.00%出现Ⅰ度松动,修复效果欠佳,两组修复效果比较差异有显著意义(P<0.05)。术后各阶段两组的PD、PLI、SBI均明显优于术前(P<0.05),但两组术后牙周指数比较差异无显著意义(P>0.05)。结论牙冠延长术有利于残根残冠的保存和修复,但要注意适应证的选择。     

Measurement of kinetic parameters in skeletal muscle by magnetic resonance imaging with an intravascular agent.

The purpose of this work was to investigate the use of an intravascular contrast agent to determine perfusion kinetics in skeletal muscle. A two-compartment kinetic model was used to represent the flux of contrast agent between the intravascular space and extravascular extracellular space (EES). The relationship between the image signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and errors in estimating permeability surface area product (Ktrans), interstitial volume (ve), and plasma volume (vp) for linear and nonlinear curve-fitting methods was estimated from Monte Carlo simulations. Similar results were obtained for both methods. For an image SNR of 60, the estimated errors in these parameters were 10%, 22%, and 17%, respectively. In vivo experiments were conducted in rabbits to examine physiological differences between these parameters in the soleus (SOL) and tibialis anterior (TA) muscles in the hind limb. Values for Ktrans were significantly higher in the SOL (3.2+/-0.9 vs. 2.0+/-0.5x10(-3) min-1), as were values for vp (3.4+/-0.8 vs. 2.1+/-0.7%). Differences in ve for the two muscles (8.7+/-2.2 vs. 8.5+/-1.6%) were not found to be significant. These results demonstrate that relevant physiological metrics can be calculated in skeletal muscle using MRI with an intravascular contrast agent.     

无（外侧）额叶皮质是否更好？额叶病变患者解决洞察力问题

最近提出的关于额叶功能的理论认为前额叶皮质，尤其是其背外侧面在确定适合一项特殊任务的一系列反应中起重要作用，并在选择中使上述反应发生偏差。这些活动事实上是为任何类型的非常规任务而执行，而不考虑内容的差别。本研究旨在通过一项解决“洞察力”问题的测试任务（即火柴杆算术作业），来验证Frith“塑造反应空间”假说的预测效力。从Knoblich等人对健康人不能解决火柴杆问题的解释和Frith关于额叶背外侧皮质作用的理论，作者推导出与直觉相左的预测，即对这些相对复杂的任务，外侧额叶皮质局部损伤的患者可能比1组健康受试者完成得更好。要求35例经CT或MRI扫描证实为单个局部脑损伤的患者（年龄为26—65岁）和23例健康受试者（年龄为34—62岁）完成火柴杆作业。研究结果似乎与理论上的预测相一致，虽然仅有43％的健康受试者能解决最困难的火柴杆问题（“C类”），但是却有82％的额叶外侧损伤患者完成了类似问题（Fisher精确概率检验，P〈0．05）。总之，对Frith和Knoblich等人理论的结合进行了确证。     

参麦注射液治疗老年哮喘临床分析

目的探讨参麦注射液治疗老年哮喘的临床价值。方法选择60例老年哮喘，随机分为参麦治疗组和常规对照组进行临床观察。结果参麦组肺功能（FVC、FEVI、VC、FEV％）在治疗后较治疗前明显增加，并有显著差异（p＜0.01）；对照组治疗前后对比差异无显著性（P＞0.05）；两组组间比较有显著性差异（P＜0．05）。参麦组临床疗效及总有效率明显优于对照组（p＜0.01），差异十分显著。结论参麦注射液对改善老年哮喘肺功能及缓解哮喘症状有较好疗效。     

Tacrolimus Combined with Two Different Dosages of Sirolimus in Kidney Transplantation: Results of a Multicenter Study

Tacrolimus combined with mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) is an effective regimen in kidney transplantation. This study compared the efficacy of combining tacrolimus and two different dosages of sirolimus with an established tacrolimus-MMF regimen. Each day in addition to tacrolimus, 325 patients received 2 mg sirolimus (TAC-SRL2 mg), 325 patients received 0.5 mg sirolimus (TAC-SRL0.5 mg) and 327 patients 1 g MMF (TAC-MMF). The initial tacrolimus dose was 0.2 mg/kg/day. Sirolimus patients received loading doses of 6 or 1.5 mg, and daily doses of 2 or 0.5 mg thereafter. Steroid administration was identical for all groups. The incidence of biopsy-proven acute rejection was lower in the TAC-SRL2 mg group (15.7%) compared with the TAC-SRL0.5 mg (25.2%, p = 0.003) and the TAC-MMF groups (22.3%, p = 0.036). Six-month graft survival was 91.0% (TAC-SRL2 mg), 92.6% (TAC-SRL0.5 mg) and 92.4% (TAC-MMF); the respective values for patient survival were 98.1%, 97.8% and 97.9%. Thirty-four patients (10.5%), 19 patients (5.8%) and 16 patients (4.9%) in the TAC-SRL2 mg, TAC-SRL0.5 mg and TAC-MMF groups, respectively, discontinued the study because of adverse events. Hyperlipemia was reported more often in the TAC-SRL2 mg group (24.0%) compared with 19.4% (TAC-SRL0.5 mg) and 11.0% (TAC-MMF; p < 0.05). Combining 2 mg sirolimus/day with tacrolimus results in lower rates of acute rejection, but a higher incidence of adverse events.