大鼠成体心肌细胞的分离和培养

目的: 探索稳定的大鼠成体心肌细胞的分离和培养方法. 方法: 应用主动脉逆行生物酶(5 g/L胰蛋白酶及1 g/L胶原酶)灌流法分离大鼠成体心肌细胞,免疫荧光染色法鉴定分离的心肌细胞,比较有无血清培养对心肌细胞的影响. 结果: 心肌细胞的存活率为95%以上;存活细胞呈杆状,形态完整,长宽比约为4～6∶ 1;无血清培养心肌细胞只能存活1 wk,形态不发生改变;而加血清培养心肌细胞可存活2 wk以上,但超微结构发生了改变,且不同血清浓度对成纤维细胞生长具有不同的作用. 结论: 主动脉逆行生物酶(胶原酶和蛋白酶)灌流法是比较理想的心肌细胞分离方法;血清对成体心肌细胞的培养起着重要作用.     

转基因过表达肌浆网钙ATP酶基因治疗慢性心力衰竭的实验研究

目的研究肌浆网钙ATP酶2a(SERCA2a)转基因在非缺血性和缺血性心力衰竭中的治疗价值。方法构建含SERCA2acDNA的重组腺病毒和腺相关病毒载体,制备腹主动脉缩窄和心肌梗死心力衰竭两种心衰大鼠模型,分别采用经膈将病毒液(2×1011病毒颗粒)注入心包腔,和局部心肌注射方法导入病毒,术后10~30d经颈动脉插管至左心室进行血流动力学检测。结果重组腺相关病毒rAAV2-SERCA2a导入主动脉束扎心衰大鼠心包腔后10d、30d其血流动力学与对照治疗组(rAAV2-EGFP)组相比有明显改善,30d左室收缩压(LVSP)、左室内压最大上升速率(+dp/dt)、左室内压最大下降速率(-dp/dt)分别提高57%(94mmHgvs147mmHg)、110%(5350mmHg/svs11225mmHg/s)和99.8%(4198mmHg/svs8390mmHg/s),左室舒张末压(LVEDP)则降低60%(22mmHgvs9mmHg)。转导SERCA2a后,rAAV-SERCA2a导入组在30d时SERCA2a蛋白质表达明显高于心衰组和rAAV2-EGFP导入组,达到对照组大鼠水平。重组腺病毒rAV-SERCA2a导入心肌梗死心力衰竭心衰大鼠心肌后21d血流动力学明显优于rAAV2-EGFP导入组,LVSP、+dp/dt和-dp/dt分别提高28%(86mmHgvs110mmHg)、41%(4272mmHg/svs6026mmHg/s)和71%(2789mmHg/svs4756mmHg/s),LVEDP则降低70%(3.89mmHgvs-5.34mmHg),但未能纠正至对照组水平。结论重组腺相关病毒rAAV2-SERCA2a和腺病毒rAV-SERCA2a,介导SERCA2a在大鼠心肌过表达,可有效改善心衰大鼠模型血流动力学状况。     

Socio-demographic and clinical profiles of paranoid and nonparanoid schizophrenia: a prospective, multicenter study in China

PURPOSE: This study aimed to explore the socio‐demographic and clinical characteristics of paranoid and nonparanoid subtypes of schizophrenia. DESIGN AND METHODS: In a multicenter, randomized, controlled, longitudinal study, 374 clinically stable schizophrenia patients were interviewed at entry with standardized assessment instruments and followed for 12–26 months. FINDINGS: In the multivariate analysis, male sex, married marital status, urban abode, and more frequent relapse over the study period were independently associated with paranoid schizophrenia. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: The socio‐demographic and clinical characteristics of Chinese patients with the paranoid subtype of schizophrenia are different from those of their Caucasian counterparts who are more likely to be women and have a better outcome.     

Sleep duration and self-rated health in Chinese university students

Purpose

Little is known about the association between sleep duration and health status in Chinese university students. This study examined the association between sleep duration and self-rated health in university students in China.

Methods

Altogether, 2312 subjects (928 in Macao, 446 in Hong Kong, and 938 in mainland China) were recruited. Standardized measures of sleep and self-reported health were administered. Sleep duration was categorized in the following way: <?6 h/day, 6 to <?7 h/day, 7–9 h/day, and >?9 h/day.

Results

Overall, 71% of university students reported poor health, 53% slept 7–9 h/day, 14% slept less than 6 h/day, 32% slept 6 to <?7 h/day, and 1% slept >?9 h/day. Univariate analysis revealed that compared to students with medium sleep duration (7–9 h/day), those with short sleep duration (<?6 h/day and 6 to <?7 h/day) were more likely to report poor health. Multivariate logistic regression analysis found that after controlling for age, gender, body mass index, university location, being a single child, religious beliefs, interest in academic major, academic pressure, nursing major, pessimism about the future, and depression, sleep duration of less than 6 h/day (odds ratio (OR) 1.98, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.34–2.92, p?<?0.01) was independently and significantly associated with poor self-reported health.

Conclusions

Poor health status is common in Chinese university students, which appears to be closely associated with short sleep duration. Further longitudinal studies are warranted to gain a better understanding of the interaction between sleep patterns and health status in university students.

     

Differentiation of rat bone marrow stem cells in liver after partial hepatectomy

AIM: To investigate the differentiation of rat bone marrow stem cells in liver after partial hepatectomy. METHODS: Bone marrow cells were collected from the tibia of rat with partial hepatectomy, the medial and left hepatic lobes were excised. The bone marrow stem cells (Thy CD3-CD45RA- cells) were enriched from the bone marrow cells by depleting red cells and fluorescence-activated cell sorting. The sorted bone marrow stem cells were labeled by PKH26-GL in vitro and autotransplanted by portal vein injection. After 2 wk, the transplanted bone marrow stem cells in liver were examined by the immunohistochemistry of albumin (hepatocyte-specific marker). RESULTS: The bone marrow stem cells (Thy CD3-CD45RA- cells) accounted for 2.8% of bone marrow cells without red cells. The labeling rate of 10μM PKH26-GL on sorted bone marrow stem cells was about 95%. There were sporadic PKH26-GL-labeled cells among he-patocytes in liver tissue section, and some of the cells expressed albumin. CONCLUSION: Rat bone marrow stem cells can differentiate into hepatocytes in regenerative environment and may participate in liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy.     

The Prevalence of Insomnia, Its Sociodemographic and Clinical Correlates, and Treatment in Rural and Urban Regions of Beijing, China: A General Population-Based Survey

Study Objectives

To determine the prevalence of insomnia, its sociodemographic and clinical correlates, and treatment patterns in Chinese people.

Design

A total of 5,926 subjects were randomly selected in the urban and rural areas of Beijing and interviewed using standardized assessment tools. Basic sociodemographic and clinical data were also collected.

Setting

Urban and rural regions of Beijing municipality, China.

Patients or Participants

Adult residents older than 15 years. Interventions N/A.

Measurements and Results

The prevalence of at least one type of insomnia was 9.2%; the rates of difficulty initiating sleep (DIS), difficulty maintaining sleep (DMS), and early morning awakening (EMA) were 7.0%, 8.0%, and 4.9%, respectively. Increased age (age >44 and 24 years in the urban and rural samples, respectively), female sex, married, divorced, separated, or widowed marital status; having a major medical condition; and suffering from a psychiatric disorder were risk factors for all types of insomnia in both the urban and rural samples. A low level of education (primary school or illiteracy) was significantly associated with a higher likelihood of all types of insomnia in the urban sample. Current smokers and current drinkers were less likely to report any type of insomnia in the rural sample. Unemployment was associated with DMS in the urban sample, while it was associated with DIS and DMS in the rural sample. Only 5.4% of the participants with any type of insomnia reported their symptoms to medical practitioners. In contrast, nearly one-third of the subjects with insomnia reported taking benzodiazepines as sleep-enhancing drugs.

Conclusions

Nationwide epidemiologic surveys are needed to further explore the prevalence of insomnia in China. The low percentage of subjects treated for insomnia indicates a major public health problem that should be addressed. Strict controls on use of benzodiazepines are warranted.

Citation:

Xiang YT; Ma X; Cai ZJ; Li SR; Xiang YQ; Guo HL; Hou YZ; Li ZB; Li ZJ; Tao YF; Dang WM; Wu XM; Deng J; Lai KYC; Ungvari GS. The prevalence of insomnia, its sociodemographic and clinical correlates, and treatment in rural and urban regions of Beijing, China: a general population-based survey. SLEEP 2008;31(12):1655–1662.     

Socio-demographic and clinical characteristics of 3129 heroin users in the first methadone maintenance treatment clinic in China

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to determine the characteristics of heroin users in the first methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) clinic in China. METHODS: In a retrospective chart review, the notes of 3127 heroin users who received both detoxification and MMT at the clinic were analyzed. Their socio-demographic and clinical data were collected, and the frequency of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), Hepatitis C virus (HCV), and syphilis infections was investigated. RESULTS: The main findings are as follows: (1) 66.5% of the patients were younger than 35 years; (2) 55.1% were married at admission; (3) 32% were non-local residents; (4) the majority had high school level education, a history of smoking and alcohol consumption prior to the initial heroin use, and did not have stable jobs; (5) 28.4% were self-employed; (6) 5.4% of the sample had total hearing loss coupled with loss of speech; (7) 83.4% sniffed heroin or injected it intravenously at the time of admission, but 87.2% had smoked the drug when they first began abusing it; (8) a significant proportion of the patients were infected with HIV, HCV, and syphilis. CONCLUSIONS: Some of the above findings are not consistent with the results of previous studies conducted in Western countries and China. The unique socio-cultural and clinical characteristics of heroin abusers in different regions of China should be considered when MMT services are planned.