Nitrogen-doped carbon derived from horse manure biomass as a catalyst for the oxygen reduction reaction

A massive amount of animal biomass is generated daily from livestock farms, agriculture, and food industries, causing environmental and ecological problems. The conversion of animal biomass into value-added products has recently gained considerable interest in materials science research. Herein, horse manure (HM) was utilized as a precursor for synthesizing nitrogen-doped carbons (NCs) via hydrothermal ammonia treatment and the post pyrolysis process. The ammonia concentration varied between 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 M in the hydrothermal process. From the comprehensive characterization results, horse manure-derived nitrogen-doped carbons (HMNCs) exhibited an amorphous phase and a hierarchical nanoporous structure. The specific surface area decreased from 170.1 to 66.6 m² g⁻¹ as the ammonia concentration increased due to micropore deterioration. The nitrogen content was 0.90 atom% even with no ammonia treatment, indicating self-nitrogen doping. With hydrothermal ammonia treatment, the nitrogen content slightly enhanced up to 1.54 atom%. The electrocatalytic activity for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) of HMNCs in an alkaline solution was found to be related to nitrogen doping content and porous structure. The ORR activity of HMNCs mainly proceeded via a combination of two- and four-electron pathways. Although the ORR activity of HMNCs was still not satisfactory and comparable to that of a commercial Pt/carbon catalyst, it showed better long-term durability. The results obtained in this work provide the potential utilization of HM as a precursor for ORR catalysts and other related applications.

This work shows the potential utilization of horse manure as a precursor for synthesizing nitrogen-doped carbons for electrocatalytic oxygen reduction reaction.     

护士长与患方沟通谈话质量对护理服务效果的影响

目的调查46名护士长与患方(患者和/或家属)沟通谈话对护理服务质量的影响。方法随机抽取2009年7月1日～2010年6月30日33个住院病区的重点患者9 300例作为观察组,由护士长与患方沟通谈话,每月按比例抽样,在病区发放自行设计的"护士长与患方沟通谈话满意度调查表"进行问卷调查。以2008年7月1日～2009年6月30日按常规方法沟通谈话的住院患者中重点病人/家属9 100例作为对照组,评估病区护士长与病人的沟通能力及方法,评估护患关系及护理服务效果。结果观察组患者满意度、护理纠纷发生率及护理质量成绩分别为84.9%、0.06%、99.8±0.1;对照组分别为79.7%、0.18%、90.1±2.6。组间比较差异有统计学意义。结论护士长与患方沟通谈话在临床护理中的实施可有效提高住院患者的满意度,减少护患纠纷,促进护理质量的提高。     

洞庭湖区血吸虫的中间宿主——钉螺对气象因子的响应

目的探讨气象因子对洞庭湖区血吸虫的中间宿主——钉螺的影响,为控制和消灭钉螺提供科学依据。方法采用线性趋势和相关分析方法,分析钉螺的变化趋势及与气象因子的关系。结果 1988-2012年洞庭湖区尚有钉螺总面积呈显著增加的趋势,增加速率为24 543.4 km2/10a,且以为垸外增加为主。近25年随着洞庭湖区气候变暖变干,尚有钉螺总面积有扩大的趋势。气候变暖导致钉螺和日本血吸虫在钉螺内生长发育季节均延长,生长发育期内积温呈增加趋势。暴雨洪涝和高洪水位导致钉螺扩散,面积增大。长时间连续性的极端干旱事件导致钉螺面积减小,而极端雨雪冰冻天气导致钉螺死亡率高。结论气象因子对洞庭湖区钉螺面积、生长发育等产生明显影响。     

新疆乌拉斯台口岸地区啮齿动物及体外寄生物调查

〔目的〕掌握新疆乌拉斯台口岸地区啮齿动物及体外寄生物的种群组成及分布。〔方法〕调查以口岸为中心,在不同生境采用5m夹线法,捕获啮齿动物和采集其体外寄生物。〔结果〕共捕获啮齿动物307只,经鉴定隶属4科9属9种;共采集啮齿动物体外寄生蚤768只,经鉴定隶属4科14属21种。〔结论〕西伯利亚五趾跳鼠和灰仓鼠为优势种,其中灰仓鼠的主要寄生蚤短须双蚤和距细蚤为该地区的优势蚤种。     

The Impact of Purple-Flesh Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) cv. “Shadow Queen” on Minor Health Complaints in Healthy Adults: A Randomized,Double-Blind,Placebo-Controlled Study

The purple-flesh potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) cultivar “Shadow Queen” (SQ) naturally contains anthocyanins. This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study determines whether ingesting purple potatoes increases the number of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) and improves stress response, a minor health complaint in healthy adults (registration number: UMIN000038876). A total of 15 healthy subjects (ages: 50–70 years) with minor health complaints were randomly assigned to one of two groups. For 8 weeks, the placebo group received placebo potatoes cv. “Haruka” and the test group received test potato cv. SQ containing 45 mg anthocyanin. The MSC count and several stress responses were analyzed at weeks 0 and 8 of the intake periods. The ingestion of a SQ potato did not affect the MSC count but markedly improved psychological stress response, irritability, and depression as minor health complaints compared with “Haruka”. No adverse effects were noted. Hence, an 8-week intake of SQ could improve stress responses.     

Association of Dietary Inflammatory Potential with Blood Inflammation: The Prospective Markers on Mild Cognitive Impairment

Inflammation is known as an important mechanism of cognitive dysfunction. Systemic immune inflammation index (SII) and system inflammation response index (SIRI) are two blood inflammatory markers, which are related to many chronic diseases including cognitive impairment. It is recognized that dietary inflammatory index (DII), which is used to estimate the overall inflammatory potential of diet, may be related to mild cognitive impairment (MCI) as well. This study aimed to explore the relationship between SII, SIRI and DII, as well as the role of these inflammatory indexes on MCI in elderly people. A total of 1050 participants from Beijing were included. Neuropsychological tests were used for cognitive evaluation. Energy-adjusted DII scores were calculated based on semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Blood samples were tested for calculating SII and SIRI. Log-binomial regression models were used to estimate the correlation of indexes. After adjusting demographic characteristics, SII and SIRI in MCI individuals were higher than controls (p ≤ 0.001). DII, SII and SIRI had positive relationship with MoCA scores (p < 0.005). DII also correlated with SIRI in MCI (β = 0.11, p = 0.031). Higher DII and SIRI could definitely increase the risk of MCI, as well as DII and SII (p < 0.005). In conclusion, DII was positively correlated with blood inflammation. The elderly with higher level of DII and SIRI, or DII and SII could be considered as people with higher risk of developing MCI.     

高度近视性斜视的研究进展

高度近视性斜视是一种特殊类型的斜视,以固定性内斜视和下斜视多见.本文系统描述了该病的临床特征,并初步总结了针对该疾病的特征性检查,分析比较了近期国内外对高度近视性斜视的治疗方法.     

应用失效模式与效应分析降低微创手术患者安全风险的研究

目的：降低微创手术患者的安全风险,从而减少手术失误,提高手术的安全性。方法：选取2010年1—12月本院微创手术患者为对照组,进行安全风险研究,对微创手术患者进行查对流程的监测,经统计讨论分析,计算事先风险指数（RPN）,RPN值高的6个项目是影响手术患者安全的高危因素,选取2011年1—12月本院微创手术患者为实验组,运用失效模式与效应分析（FMEA）高危因素,分析高危环节产生的原因,并提出防范对策。结果：对照组6项高危因素事先风险指数总和1570,均值261．67;实验组6项高危因素事先风险指数总和385,均值64．67,实验组高危因素事先风险指数低于对照组。结论：通过对内镜微创手术患者安全风险进行研究,找出安全风险高的环节,进行失效模式与效应分析,可降低高危因素事先风险指数,有效保障手术安全,降低手术风险,提高手术质量。     

儿童多发伤的ICU救治138例

目的总结儿童多发性创伤ICU的救治经验。方法对2005—2010年收治的138例多发伤患儿的伤情、诊断、治疗结果进行回顾性分析,总结多发伤的救治经验。结果本组病例138例患儿115例撤离呼吸机,休克纠正、循环稳定、凝血功能恢复正常、内环境稳定,病情平稳,无明显其它并发症后,转回原科室。死亡23例（16．67％）,死亡原因为脑疝及心脏与大血管损伤,如严重肝、脾、胰损伤、重度失血性休克和MODS等。结论损伤控制策略在ICU成功救治多发伤患儿的生命中起重要作用;严重多发伤患儿经外科处理后应转至ICU综合治疗,在整个抢救过程中,应严密监护,紧急处理休克、创伤、呼吸衰竭等主要问题,同时尽量兼顾全身情况,促进患儿康复。     

中国八城市老年人能量及蛋白质摄入与肌肉衰减症的关系

目的 探究中国八城市老年人能量、蛋白质摄入水平与肌肉衰减症的关系.方法 数据来源于2016年的"中国城市成年人群膳食与健康关系研究".采用立意抽样和多阶段整群抽样相结合的方法,抽取65岁及以上研究对象427人,采用问卷调查的方法获得社会人口学特征和生活习惯,采用24小时膳食回顾调查法获得调查对象膳食摄入情况并根据《中国...